Community structure changes of macrobenthos in the South Yellow Sea

The ecological environment in the Yellow Sea has changed greatly from the 1950s to 1990s and this has had significant impact on marine organisms. In this study, data on soft-sediment macrobenthos occurring in depths from 25 m to 81 m in the South Yellow Sea were used to compare changes in community structure. The agglomerative classification (CLUSTER) and multidimensional scaling (MDS) methods were applied. Five communities were recognized by cluster analysis: 1. The Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass community dominated by cold water species, which changed slightly in species composition since the 1950s; 2. The mixed community with the coexistence of cold water species and warm water species, as had been reported previously; 3. The polychaete-dominated eurythermal community in which the composition changed considerably as some dominant species disappeared or decreased; 4. The Changjiang (Yangtze) River Estuarine community, with some typical estuarine species; 5. The community affected by the Yellow Sea Warm Current. The greatest change occurred in the coastal area, which indicated that the change may be caused by human activities. Macrobenthos in the central region remained almost unchanged, particularly the cold water species shielded by the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass. The depth, temperature and median grain size of sediments were important factors affecting the distributions of macrobenthos in the South Yellow Sea.     

黄河下游窄河道挖河疏浚是维持黄河健康生命的重要措施之一

黄河水利委员会提出了“维持黄河健康生命”的治河新理念,把维持黄河健康生命作为黄河开发与管理的终极目标。“堤防不决口,河道不断流,污染不超标,河床不抬高”是实现其终极目标的4个主要标志。河床不抬高就要通过综合措施解决泥沙问题,包括上中游拦减人黄泥沙,中下游采取人工调控水沙“关系”,在黄河下游挖河疏浚。在黄河下游窄河道特别是在河口地区挖河疏浚,减少其对下游河道的反馈影响,是维持黄河健康生命的重要措施之     

Thinning and shrinkage of Laohugou No. 12 glacier in the Western Qilian Mountains, China, from 1957 to 2007

Landsat images, real-time kinematic GPS measurements, and topographic maps were used to determine changes in ice elevation, volume, and areal extent of the Laohugou No. 12 glacier (Qilian Mountains, China) between 1957 and 2007. The glacier experienced significant thinning and areal shrinkage in the ablation zone, but slight thickening in part of the accumulation zone. Elevation decreased by 18.6±5.4 m between 1957 and 2007 in the regions covered by the GPS measurements. The total volume loss for the entire glacier was estimated to be 0.218 km3 using a third-order polynomial fit method. The area diminished by 0.28 km2 between 1957 and 1994, 0.26 km2 between 1994 and 2000, and 0.28 km2 between 2000 and 2007, suggesting that the rate of loss in glacial coverage has increased since the mid-1990s. Significant increases in annual mean air temperature may have contributed to shrinkage and thinning of the glacier.     

EGM96和EGM2008地球重力场模型计算弹道扰动引力的比较

给出了利用地球重力场模型计算扰动引力以及重力场模型截断误差的公式,计算了36阶、360阶、2 160阶地球重力场模型在径向和水平方向的截断误差,并对36阶、360阶的EGM96和EGM2008重力场模型计算的弹道扰动引力矢量进行了分析和比较.结果表明,采用重力场模型计算扰动引力时,模型阶数和弹道点的高度越低,模型截断误差越大;EGM96和EGM2008模型的一致性随着模型阶数的升高而逐渐降低.总体来看,EGM2008模型的精度要好于EGM96模型.     

论塔里木地台北缘中元古宙兴地运动

在塔里木地台北缘库鲁克塔格断隆上,发现晚元古宙帕尔岗群与其下伏兴地塔格群之间为角度不整合。进一步研究了中元古宙兴地塔格群和晚元古宙帕尔岗塔格群在沉积建造、变质作用、构造样式和岩浆活动等方面的差异,证明中元古宙末期曾发生强烈构造运动——兴地运动。它在1.3～1.4Ga达到高潮,0.95～1Ga时结束,形成塔里木地台基底。根据构造要素的叠加关系和变形特征,将这次构造运动划分为三个变形幕。     

蒙古国东方省海塔盆地塔南凹陷断裂特征及其油气意义

以三维地震资料解释为基础,通过编制相关构造图件揭示了海塔盆地塔南凹陷的断裂构造特征和构造演化过程,分析了构造活动对沉积作用的控制以及对烃源岩发育、圈闭形成和油气运移聚集条件的影响。塔南凹陷白垩纪经历了叠合断陷期(铜钵庙组—南屯组沉积时期）、叠合断拗期(大磨拐河组沉积时期）和反转拗陷期(伊敏组—青元岗组沉积时期）共3期演化,发育伸展和走滑—伸展两套断裂系统。受断裂活动影响,不同时期各次凹的沉降中心发生了明显的分异与迁移。断陷期沉降中心沿断陷边界断层上盘分布,断拗期沉降中心向凹陷中心迁移。断陷期结构样式及主干断裂活动强度控制着沉积相的分布,也影响油气成藏。     

“大洋板块地层”的重建与意义——以藏南仲巴地区为例

混杂岩是古增生楔存在的标志之一,一般由枕状玄武岩、灰岩、放射虫硅质岩、硅质页岩、砂岩等混乱无序组成。目前"大洋板块地层"(OPS)运用放射虫地层学方法对混乱的增生楔断片进行重建取得了良好效果,并清晰地展示了大洋板块俯冲和洋底物质连续增生的历史。在西藏仲巴地区填图过程中,结合放射虫年代学分析鉴定结果,以OPS重建的思路和理论作为指导,重建了仲巴地区混杂岩的大洋板块地层,并恢复了该区域特提斯洋在洋中脊大洋板块增生至消亡的岩石序列,自下而上分别为侏罗纪海山玄武岩、海山覆盖物侏罗系—白垩系碳酸盐岩、海山周围沉积的侏罗系—白垩系放射虫硅质岩和硅质页岩,以及海沟附近的白垩系陆源碎屑岩等,为特提斯洋大洋板块俯冲的方向、持续时间和古大地构造环境提供了信息。     

“暖池”表层对大气局地强迫的响应特征

利用湍流动能垂直混合模式和ＴＯＧＡ－ＣＯＡＲＥ加强观测期的观测资料,对“暖池”上混合层的垂直混合过程进行数值试验和数值模拟,分析表层温度、盐度的变化特征。结果表明：ＴＫＥ模式可以较好地模拟混层,尤其是表层温度、盐度对大气局地强迫的响应;太阳辐射是热源,感热、潜热通量等会造成“暖池”上混合层的温度降低,“暖池”对大气释放热量;降水有利于“淡水盖”形成和维持,从则使层结稳定,ＳＳＴ升高。但在气温低于海     

海水温度对衰亡期浒苔释放生源硫影响的模拟研究

为研究浒苔释放生源硫的特征,本文对采集于黄海绿潮中期和末期的浒苔进行了实验室模拟培养,探讨了不同温度对衰亡期浒苔释放生源硫化物的影响。实验结果表明,在10~25℃温度范围内,温度升高能够加速浒苔的衰亡。二甲基硫（DMS）的平均释放速率范围为2.79~150.70 nmol/（L·g·d）,二甲基硫基丙酸内盐（DMSP）的平均释放速率范围为2.16~113.26 nmol/（L·g·d）。温度升高能够使DMS和DMSP的释放速率加快,释放量增加,DMS最大平均释放速率在25℃条件下比10℃条件下升高了约60%,培养液中DMS浓度升高了2~3倍。采集于绿潮末期的浒苔培养液中的DMS和DMSP和采集于绿潮中期的浒苔相比,浓度有所增加,采集于浒苔绿潮末期浒苔培养液中DMS的最高平均浓度为418.41 nmol/L,约为中期的4倍;DMSP的最高平均浓度为316.14 nmol/L,是中期的3倍。浒苔绿潮的爆发会对水体中的硫体系循环产生影响,进而影响该海域生态环境。     

初始应力各向异性土的弹塑性模型

剑桥模型沿球应力轴(p 轴)等向塑性体变硬化; 在日本广泛采用的关口 — 太田模型沿初始固结线( K0 线)不等向塑性体变硬化。三轴试验数据表明: 自 K0 状态向伸长方向剪切时, 前者方法计算的体积应变偏小, 而后者方法计算的体积应变偏大。 作者提出一种介于上述两者之间 、考虑初始应力各向异性(如 K0 固结)的不等向塑性体变硬化弹塑性模型。 为了使模型在三维应力下较好地反映土的强度和变形特性, 模型的剪切屈服准则使用 SMP 准则。模型的土性参数与剑桥模型一样, 其预测值与粘土实测值的比较表明, 提出的模型是简单合理的, 可望在实际工程计算中得到使用。