基于电偶极子近似的多边形回线源瞬变电磁响应

针对大回线源中心装置在回线内场非中心位置处场点响应表达式复杂,视电阻率计算困难,只能套用中心回线装置计算公式,导致解释精度下降问题,给出了圆回线的响应公式。提出对发射回线沿边框进行电偶极子源分解,通过对各个边框的偶极子源产生的响应进行叠加;讨论了圆回线与圆内接多边形发射回线的等效性问题;完成了大回线内任意点的场值计算,并对基于电偶极子近似的大回线内场的分布特征进行了分析,得出了大回线源内非中心点探测的可行性结论。研究成果具有理论价值和实际指导意义。      

山西芮城桃花涧剖面中全新世晚期的孢粉分析及环境变化

通过对山西芮城桃花涧剖面孢粉分析,结合沉积物的粒度特征和沉积物AMS ¹⁴C测年数据,探讨了中全新世晚期该区的古文化年代及古环境变化,为恢复其古环境面貌提供了可靠的定量数据。分析结果表明,该遗址文化层的年代为庙底沟文化时期。根据孢粉组合特征,可将剖面划分为3个孢粉带：5 250~5 000 aBP期间气候温和湿润,呈现出稀树草原的植被面貌;5 000~4 800 aBP期间气候温凉偏干,呈现出荒漠草原的植被景观;4 800 aBP之后气候温凉湿润,呈现出稀树草原的植被面貌;气候变化与邻区同期相吻合。     

新疆伽师砂岩型铜矿床地质及S、Pb同位素地球化学

西南天山新生代山前盆地中的伽师铜矿是新疆近年发现和开发的一个重要的砂岩型铜矿,矿体产于古近系灰白色含岩屑钙质细砂岩中,呈与地层整合的板状、层状。矿石中硫化物主要为辉铜矿,矿体深部出现斑铜矿,极少量黄铁矿、闪锌矿等,硫化物多交代砂岩中胶结物或碎屑颗粒形成胶结结构,矿石发育稀疏浸染状、团块状、结核状等多种构造。矿石的硫同位素δ³⁴S_V-CDT在-33.4‰~-24.6‰之间。矿石的铅同位素组成²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=18.376~18.607、²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=15.612~15.655、 ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=38.475~38.747。铜的硫化物矿化表现为含铜盆地流体(地下水)交代砂岩而沉淀,铜矿体形成于古近系细砂岩成岩晚期,矿石硫来源于细菌还原硫酸盐,矿石铅同位素组成指示成矿金属元素来自沉积盆地周围的蚀源区。     

Diagnostic experiments for transport mechanisms of suspended sediment discharged from the Yellow River in the Bohai Sea

Five diagnostic experiments with a 3D baroclinic hydrodynamic and sediment transport model ECOMSED in couple with the third generation wave model SWAN and the Grant–Madsen bottom boundary layer model driven by the monthly sediment load of the Yellow River, were conducted to separately diagnose effects of different hydrodynamic factors on transport of suspended sediment discharged from the Yellow River in the Bohai Sea. Both transport and spatio-temporal distribution of suspended sediment concentration in the Bohai Sea were numerially simulated. It could be concluded that suspended sediment discharged from the Yellow River cannot be delivered in long distance under the condition of tidal current. Almost all of sediments from the Yellow River are deposited outside the delta under the condition of wind-driven current, and only very small of them are transported faraway. On the basis of wind forcing, sediments from the Yellow River are mainly transported north-northwestward, and others which are first delivered to the Laizhou Bay are continuously moved northward. An obvious 3D structure characteristic of sediment transport is produced in the wind-driven and tide-induced residual circulation condition. Transport patterns at all layers are generally consistent with circulation structure, but there is apparent deviation between the depth-averaged sediment flux and the circulation structure. The phase of temporal variation of sediment concentration is consistent with that of the bottom shear stress, both of which are proved to have a ten-day cycle in wave and current condition.     

Modelling urban expansion using a multi agentbased model in the city of Changsha

Although traditional urban expansion simulation models can simulate dynamic features, these models fail to address complex changes produced by different agents' behaviors. The paper has built up a set of spatial-temporal land resource allocation rules and developed a dynamic urban expansion model based on a multi-agent system, which can simulate the interaction among different agents, such as residents, peasants, and governments. This model is applied to simulate urban expansion process taking Changsha City, in China as a study area. The results show that this model can not only reflect basic characteristics of urban expansion, but also help explain the reasons for urban expansion process and understand the effect of agents' behavior on the expansion process, and provide insights into the causing factors behind the expansion. In addition, in contrast to simulation results with land use classification map from remote sensing images, the precision of the simulation reached over 68% with higher precision than cellular automata model according to the cell-by-cell comparison. The results suggest that the model can help to provide land use decision making support to government and urban planners.     

珠江三角洲世界工厂的非正规职业中介及其作用——以广东省东莞市塘厦镇为例

国内外现有研究认为,农民工的求职渠道非常单一,主要依赖社会关系网络。本文选取典型的珠江三角洲世界工厂所在地——广东省东莞市塘厦镇为案例,对非正规职业中介机构进行了深入调查研究。发现非正规中介机构在农民工的求职过程中发挥着重要作用,帮助农民工实现灵活、即时的就业,其存在是在我国转型期市场改革不断深入的背景下,企业/工厂的用工需求、农民工的求职需要、中介机构的逐利目的和地方政府的宽容态度共同作用的结果。非正规职业中介机构是市场动力作用下的新型农民工非正规求职渠道,是原有的社会关系网络求职渠道的延伸。研究表明,在现阶段中国城市化过程中,非正规的动力在解决农民工求职乃至城市化过程中具有重要的作用。     

GIS支持下三峡库区秭归县滑坡灾害空间预测

基于GIS空间分析和统计模型相结合进行区域评价与空间预测是滑坡灾害研究的重要方向之一。以三峡库区秭归县为研究区,选择坡度、坡向、边坡结构、工程岩组、排水系统、土地利用和公路开挖作为评价因子。为提高模型的预测精度、可信度和推广能力,利用窗口采样规则降低训练样本之间的空间相关性。建立Logistic回归模型,对滑坡灾害与评价因子进行定量相关性分析。计算研究区滑坡灾害易发性指数,对其进行聚类分析,绘制滑坡易发性分区图,其中高、中易发区占整个研究区面积的38.9%,主要分布在人类工程活动频繁和靠近排水系统的区域。经过验证,该模型的预测精度达到77.57%。     

新疆河流年径流量对夏季0C层高度变化的响应

According to climate features and river runoff conditions, Xinjiang could be divided into three research areas: The Altay-Tacheng region, the Tianshan Mountain region and the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains. Utilizing daily observations from 12 sounding stations and the annual runoff dataset from 34 hydrographical stations in Xinjiang for the period 1960-2002, the variance of the summertime 0℃ level height and the changing trends of river runoff are analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively, through trend contrast of curves processed by a 5-point smoothing procedure and linear correlation. The variance of the summertime 0℃ level height in Xinjiang correlates well with that of the annual river runoff,especially since the early 1990s, but it differs from region to region, with both the average height of the 0℃ level and runoff quantity significantly increasing over time in the Altay-Tacheng and Tianshan Mountain regions but decreasing on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains. The correlation holds for the whole of Xinjiang as well as the three individual regions, with a 0.01 significance level. This indicates that in recent years, climate change in Xinjiang has affected not only the surface layer but also the upper levels of the atmosphere, and this raising and lowering of the summertime 0℃ level has a direct impact on the warming and wetting process in Xinjiang and the amount of river runoff. Warming due to climate change increases the height of the 0℃ level, but also speeds up, ice-snow melting in mountain regions, which in turn increases river runoff, leading to a season of plentiful water instead of the more normal low flow period.     

极限蓄水位下洞坪水库大沟湾滑坡稳定性预测

滑坡灾害具有很强的空间变异性和随机性,应作非线性动态系统考虑。利用传递系数法,反演出极限蓄水位时大沟湾滑坡在不同安全系数下临界状态的剪切强度参数关系,对试验得到的剪切强度参数进行分析,结合工程地质类比法,由统计方法得到滑带土剪切强度参数的分布规律,并生成随机剪切参数。假设Mohr-Coulomb准则在滑坡体自重应力范围内服从线性分布,由试验参数在? -? 坐标内的分布曲线,结合天然状况下滑坡体正应力范围得到c-? 包络多边形,由此考虑剪切参数相关性,筛选出有效的随机剪切参数。通过Monte Carlo模拟,统计有效样本与反演得到的不同安全系数条件下极限平衡c-? 关系曲线的位置分布关系,得到不同安全系数滑坡的破坏概率。对极限蓄水位条件洞坪水库大沟湾滑坡稳定状况进行预测,结果表明,滑坡届时处于极高风险状态,稳定性很差。结合蓄水过程中两次对滑坡体实地考察得到的滑坡体变形特征表明,研究结果吻合。     

基于复杂网络理论的城市路网结构特性分析

复杂网络理论为研究网络的拓扑结构和统计特征提供了新途径.该文将复杂网络理论应用于城市路网,首先探讨了复杂网络的统计分析方法,选择特征路径长度、聚类系数、节点的度分布、网络同配/异配性、网络弹性作为度量指标.在总结分析现有路网建模方法基础上,采用基于角度综合的对偶方法进行路网建模.最后以长沙市路网为例,利用ArcGIS和MatLab分别处理路网空间数据和计算统计指标,分析其小世界特性、无标度特性以及同配异配性、网络弹性等结构特性,得出了一些有益的结论.