基于三维激光扫描技术的盾构隧道变形分析

为保证地铁隧道建设过程中的安全,对其进行变形监测是必不可少的工作.传统测量方法采用特征点位进行隧道断面监测,存在数据量较少、点位不够全面等缺点,且工作量较大,工作效率低.针对这一问题,本文将三维激光扫描技术应用于盾构隧道监测,利用获取的三维激光点云对盾构隧道进行监测.为验证其可靠性,将其与全站仪数据进行联合分析.实验表...     

道路交通气象服务系统的设计与应用

通过建立更快速的道路交通气象预警发布系统,开展基于位置的道路交通气象服务,将灾害天气情况直接发送给行驶中货车运输的司机,从而尽可能减少因恶劣天气带来的交通事故,保障人民群众生命财产安全。利用中国区域5 km分辨率智能网格天气实况数据和12379全国灾害预警发布平台实时获取全国3 240个县市灾害预警信息,通过建立电子围栏,实时发布所在区域的预报预警信息和行车指数给驾驶员。该系统可实时获取并自动实时发布道路交通任意位置的预警信息、行车指数和天气实况,以短信提醒和语音播报的方式直接为驾驶员提供精细的气象服务。     

深基坑施工渗水、流砂等病害分析和处理

通过对具体案例的分析,对深基坑施工过程中的渗水、流砂等病害原因进行分析并探讨各种应急处理方案。     

山东东营凹陷渐新统东营组的天文地层研究

选定东营凹陷牛38、郝科1和利1等3口井东营组进行天文地层研究。以牛38井沙河街组一段顶界31.8Ma作为东营组底界年龄,得到3口井各段的年龄平均值为:东二段底28.406Ma,东一段底25.385Ma和顶界24.467Ma。东营组底界(31.829Ma)大致相当于"中国区域地层表"提出的32Ma的渐新统底年龄,但是与"国际地层表"提出的渐新世鲁培尔阶底界(33.9Ma)相差1.9Myr。东三段底界、顶界的平均年龄分别为31.829Ma、28.406Ma大致可与中国的乌兰布拉格阶或国际的鲁培尔阶中上部相当;东二段底界至东一段顶界的平均年龄大致相当于塔本布鲁克阶或夏特阶。根据东营组岩石地层与天文地层研究认为,在三角洲沉积过程中,东营组各段界线是穿时的,如东三与东二段界线的年龄相差可达1.4Myr。根据偏心率理论曲线和小波分析,夏特阶底界(28.4Ma)附近的变化可能与偏心率100ka左右理论周期的特殊变化有关。     

四川叠合盆地盆山耦合特征分析

四川叠合盆地三面环山,自东而西夹持于江南、秦岭与龙门山三大山系之间,位于古亚洲、环太平洋与特提斯三大构造域的结合部位;中生代以来,先后经历了海盆、煤盆、陆相广盆、残盆四个盆地世代;盆地沉积充填过程可概括为前陆、坳陷、再生前陆三种基本样式。系统的山盆构造样式及运动学、沉积充填过程分析结果表明盆地周缘造山带造山活动期与盆内古隆起发育期时间耦合;盆地周缘造山带造山活动期与盆地沉积环境转换期时间耦合;盆地周缘造山带构造轴线走向基本保持与盆内山前坳陷或前陆褶冲带构造轴线走向相耦合;盆地周缘造山带不同时期形成的褶冲构造轴线走向基本保持与其同期盆内产生的沉积或沉降中心构造轴线走向相耦合。     

火成岩速度反演及三维速度场建立的关键技术及效果分析

以地震反演为主,结合测井、岩石物理、地震相和正演模拟等技术综合研究火成岩的速度场特征。岩石物理实验是研究火成岩物性参数有效的工具,实验数据的分析能帮助预测火成岩岩性和速度信息,为反演等工作利用地震资料描述火成岩提供依据。原始测井曲线的环境校正和标准化处理是高品质合成记录和反演效果的前提条件。稀疏脉冲反演、基于模型的反演和神经网络反演这三种方法结果的分辨率较原始地震数据有了很大提高,从中可识别出火成岩的空间展布,但基于模型的反演分辨率相对较高。伽马属性反演的分辨率在识别火成岩方面比上述三种方法要高得多,但是单一的属性又很难满足火成岩特征描述的要求,因此多参数融合是一种行之有效的方法。结合地震相的应用,最终得到符合地质特征的火成岩三维速度场,并通过误差分析和正演模拟验证了速度场精度,为变速度成图和低幅构造勘探提供了科学的依据。     

从流体包裹体特征探讨泥堡金矿成因

泥堡金矿床据脉石矿物和萤石的包裹体研究,包裹少而小,类型较为简单。综合包裹体各项参数和气液成分分析认为,成矿流体属NaCl-H_2O体系的富K~ 的、弱酸性溶液,具有较高密度、较低盐度和中-低温度的特点。结合硫和氢氧同位素测定结果,成矿流体是燕山运动阶段的地表水沿断裂深循环,特别是在富K、富Au的凝灰岩中往复循环作用形成的。当各种条件具备时即可卸载成矿,成矿的最佳位置就是沿P_(2-3)β_1与P_2m~(dc)之间沉积间断面发生的层间滑动构造带。     

Diamond in Oceanic Peridotites and Chromitites: Evidence for Deep Recycled Mantle in the Global Ophiolite Record

Diamonds have been discovered in mantle peridotites and chromitites of six ophiolitic massifs along the 1300 km‐long Yarlung‐Zangbo suture (Bai et al., 1993; Yang et al., 2014; Xu et al., 2015), and in the Dongqiao and Dingqing mantle peridotites of the Bangong‐Nujiang suture in the eastern Tethyan zone (Robinson et al., 2004; Xiong et al., 2018). Recently, in‐situ diamond, coesite and other UHP mineral have also been reported in the Nidar ophiolite of the western Yarlung‐Zangbo suture (Das et al., 2015, 2017). The above‐mentioned diamond‐bearing ophiolites represent remnants of the eastern Mesozoic Tethyan oceanic lithosphere. New publications show that diamonds also occur in chromitites in the Pozanti‐Karsanti ophiolite of Turkey, and in the Mirdita ophiolite of Albania in the western Tethyan zone (Lian et al., 2017; Xiong et al., 2017; Wu et al., 2018). Similar diamonds and associated minerals have also reported from Paleozoic ophiolitic chromitites of Central Asian Orogenic Belt of China and the Ray‐Iz ophiolite in the Polar Urals, Russia (Yang et al., 2015a, b; Tian et al., 2015; Huang et al, 2015). Importantly, in‐situ diamonds have been recovered in chromitites of both the Luobusa ophiolite in Tbet and the Ray‐Iz ophiolite in Russia (Yang et al., 2014, 2015a). The extensive occurrences of such ultra‐high pressure (UHP) minerals in many ophiolites suggest formation by similar geological events in different oceans and orogenic belts of different ages. Compared to diamonds from kimberlites and UHP metamorphic belts, micro‐diamonds from ophiolites present a new occurrence of diamond that requires significantly different physical and chemical conditions of formation in Earth's mantle. The forms of chromite and qingsongites (BN) indicate that ophiolitic chromitite may form at depths of >150‐380 km or even deeper in the mantle (Yang et al., 2007; Dobrthinetskaya et al., 2009). The very light C isotope composition (δ13C ‐18 to ‐28‰) of these ophiolitic diamonds and their Mn‐bearing mineral inclusions, as well as coesite and clinopyroxene lamallae in chromite grains all indicate recycling of ancient continental or oceanic crustal materials into the deep mantle (>300 km) or down to the mantle transition zone via subduction (Yang et al., 2014, 2015a; Robinson et al., 2015; Moe et al., 2018). These new observations and new data strongly suggest that micro‐diamonds and their host podiform chromitite may have formed near the transition zone in the deep mantle, and that they were then transported upward into shallow mantle depths by convection processes. The in‐situ occurrence of micro‐diamonds has been well‐demonstrated by different groups of international researchers, along with other UHP minerals in podiform chromitites and ophiolitic peridotites clearly indicate their deep mantle origin and effectively address questions of possible contamination during sample processing and analytical work. The widespread occurrence of ophiolite‐hosted diamonds and associated UHP mineral groups suggests that they may be a common feature of in‐situ oceanic mantle. The fundamental scientific question to address here is how and where these micro‐diamonds and UHP minerals first crystallized, how they were incorporated into ophiolitic chromitites and peridotites and how they were preserved during transport to the surface. Thus, diamonds and UHP minerals in ophiolites have raised new scientific problems and opened a new window for geologists to study recycling from crust to deep mantle and back to the surface.     

钾长石分解反应热力学与过程评价

综述了添加各种助剂分解钾长石的研究进展。对不同体系中钾长石分解反应的G ibbs自由能和能耗计算,综合考虑一次性资源、能源消耗量和烧结过程的环境相容性、产品方案等因素,结果表明:只有以石灰石、碳酸钠为配料的工艺路线具有实际工业应用价值;而唯有以碳酸钠为配料时,钾长石原料烧结过程才具有一次性资源消耗量最少、能耗最低、温室气体CO2排放量最小、且可生产高附加值产品、实现完全清洁生产等优点。因此,选择以碳酸钠为配料分解钾长石的技术路线,具有良好的工业化应用前景。     

江西暖水地区韧性剪切带的基本特征和形变机制

在进行暖水幅1：5万区调时发现江西暖水地区赣东北断裂带中存在外富家坞-枫坡岭、昭林、牛角垄-下石坞三条平行韧性剪切带,为进一步研究暖水地区韧性剪切带岩石、构造形变机制、形成时代特征及与赣东北断裂带的关系,通过地质、岩石矿物、测试分析等综合研究表明,韧性剪切带主要由千糜岩带、糜棱岩带、初糜棱岩带、糜棱岩化带、强片理化带及碎裂岩带组成,其形成经历了早期深层次韧性变形到晚期浅层次脆性变形两个阶段,形成深度10-20km,是赣东北断裂带的主要组成部分,主要变形时代为中晚元古代,与这一时期的华夏板块和扬子板块之间的相互作用有关。