Experimental study of the mechanical properties of expansive soil with added nanomaterials

The main purpose of this paper is to describe ways to improve the microstructure of expansive soil by adding nanomaterials. Mechanical tests were done to explore the changes in shear strength and compression index of expansive soil that was modified by adding different amounts of two kinds of nanomaterials (nano-alumina and nano-silica). The test results show that adding 1.2% nano-alumina and about 2% nano-silica to expansive soil provides the optimal compression index. The test results show that adding 1.2% nano-alumina and about 1.5% nano-silica to expansive soil provides the optimal unconfined compression stress. Scanning electron microscopy of the microstructure of expansive soil modified by nanomaterials provided a deeper understanding of the effects of nanomaterials on improving expansive soil.     

福建省域工业空间结构研究——以福建省销售额前300家工业企业为例

依据地域经济系统理论,一个地域经济单元状态,可以从时序特征和空间结构特征进行表达,其存在状态受制于时空关联性。一定地域在特定时序发展阶段,必有与之相对应的空间结构特征;反之,一定的空间结构特征必然反映其特定的时序阶段。据此,诊断了福建省域工业系统的时空关联性特征,并提出了该省工业阶段性跃迁的对策与建议。     

Spatial variation of the relationship between transport accessibility and the level of economic development in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China

As an important component of China' transportation systems, for a long time, the insufficient performance of transport in QinghaiTibet Plateau(QTP) was a bottleneck restricting the economic growth and social development in this area. Nevertheless, the implementation of the western development strategy has accelerated the preliminary construction of comprehensive transport network since 2000. Due to the large area and significant geographical heterogeneity, there is a growing need to understand the relationship between transportation and economic development based on the perspective of spatial difference. By using GIS-based raster analysis and Geographically Weighted Regression(GWR) model, we investigated the spatial-temporal distribution of highway, railway and airport accessibility, respectively, and estimated the correlation and heterogeneity between transport accessibility and the level of economic development. Results revealed that:(1) Transport accessibility in the QTP improved by 53.38% in the past 15 years, which is specifically embodied in the improvement of both highway and railway.(2) Accessibility presented prominent differentiation in the space, increasing from west to east and reducing with the rise of elevation, specifically, the best accessibility area of the highway is below 4000 m above sea level, while the area with an altitude of over 4000 m has the lowest aviation time cost.(3) In general, the long weighted average time cost to critical transport facilities posed significantly negative effect on county economic growth in QTP, more positively, the adverse effect gradually weakened over time.(4) Obvious heterogeneity exists at the influence of different transport accessibility factors on the level of economic development, reflecting both in the horizontal space and altitudinal belt. Therefore, region-specific policies should be addressed for the sustainable development of transport facilities as well as economy in the west mountain areas.     

基墨里造山与松潘-甘孜锂矿链成因的探讨

晚三叠世—早侏罗世,基墨里大陆和泛华夏陆块与欧亚大陆的碰撞,形成了4000 km 长的基墨里造山带。位于三大陆之间、现今青藏高原北部的松潘 甘孜地体的造山属性的确定,对于探索松潘 甘孜锂矿链的成因有重要意义。松潘 甘孜地体西部和北部的早侏罗世陆相火山岩、底砾岩和煤系地层(~201 Ma)不整合在晚三叠世褶皱地层及花岗岩体之上,为晚三叠世—早侏罗世的基墨里造山时限提供了直接证据。松潘 甘孜地体中的甲基卡、可尔因、扎乌龙和白龙山 大红柳滩等稀有金属矿集区具有共同特征：赋存在由核部高分异S型花岗岩和幔部中晚三叠世浊积岩组成的片麻岩穹隆构造中、经历了巴罗 巴肯变质作用、含锂伟晶岩脉侵位在花岗岩体上部的伸展空间。通过对松潘 甘孜地体区域地质调查和对矿集区的变质、变形、岩浆和成矿作用及同位素年代学研究,提出该地体经历晚三叠世—早中侏罗世的基墨里造山过程：① 230~220 Ma：地壳缩短和加厚阶段,以盖层大规模强烈褶皱、逆冲带,盖层与基底之间向南的滑脱变形为特征,伴随深熔和巴罗式变质作用;② 220~190 Ma：地壳减压折返阶段,大量花岗岩侵位在中晚三叠世浊积岩中、形成片麻岩穹隆并伴随巴肯式变质作用。由于花岗质岩浆的高度分异及岩浆不混溶作用,导致侵位在片麻岩穹隆顶部伸展空间的伟晶岩稀有金属富集成矿。此外,伟晶岩型锂矿科学钻探(JSD)揭示了甲基卡矿集区多层次穹状花岗岩席控制含锂伟晶岩脉的成矿机制,推测大规模中下地壳基底深熔驱动岩浆上升,岩浆体沿上地壳中的构造面推叠形成岩席。     

2022年贵州省自然灾害灾情时空特征分析

本文基于贵州省2022年年度灾情数据,采用自然断点(Natural Breaks)空间数据分类分级方法加权标准化灾情指数(Weighted Standardized Disaster Index,WSDI),基于加权标准化灾情指数和4个维度指数对贵州省受灾情况进行了分类分级,并对贵州省自然灾害分布和变化趋势情况进行了分析。从空间分布来看,贵州省2022年自然灾害分布总体呈北部重、中部轻的规律;从灾害类型来看,洪涝、干旱两种灾害影响最为严重;从灾害时间分布来看,6、7两月灾情最重。     

渤海海冰中太阳辐射的光谱特征观测研究

通过采用多光谱仪器,对渤海营口港一带的近岸固定冰进行了3个站位11个谱段的入射辐射、反射辐射和透射辐射随时间变化过程的观测和研究。结果表明,发生在海冰中的反射辐射和透射辐射与入射太阳辐射的谱分布有明显差别,而且有显著的日变化。文章确立了入射辐射、反射辐射和透射辐射随时间的变化与太阳高度角的正弦成精确的线性关系,海冰的积分反照率与太阳高度角的正弦满足二次函数关系,可将不同时刻的观测值归算到正午时刻的辐射值,使不同时刻的观测结果具有可比性。计算结果表明,海冰只衰减特定强度的辐射,衰减量与入射辐射光谱分布以及辐射的强度无关,导致绿光的透射辐射最强。该文是对渤海海冰透射辐射的初步尝试,所获得的结果对未来大范围海冰光学观测打下了基础。     

新疆塔北低阻油气层录井识别方法

低阻油气层因其储层电阻率低于或接近邻近水层的电阻率,致使油气层测井电阻率响应特征不明显,常规方法识别油水层难度增大。简要概述了新疆塔北地区中新生界低阻油气层的成因,现场录井过程中利用气测录井、定量荧光、岩石热解、热蒸发色谱及核磁共振技术进行低阻油气层的有效识别,实例证明录井资料在评价、识别低电阻油层中能起到较好的效果,是识别低阻油层的有效方法之一。     

陕西长武地区巨厚黄土塬激发技术研究

阐述了对陕西长武地区巨厚黄土塬地区激发方式的研究分析,突破了对在黄土塬地区进行单深井激发取得效果差的认识;并对组合激发进行了理论研究和试验分析,证明巨厚黄土塬大组合基距激发更有利于压制噪音,可以得到信噪比较高的资料,研究成果丰富和发展了黄土塬地区地震勘探理论,为实现黄土塬地区直线采集奠定了基础。     

亚洲沙尘对三种海洋微藻生长的影响

实验研究了采自亚洲沙尘暴源地的4种沙尘及1种采自青岛的沙尘对不同海洋微藻生长的影响,结果表明在营养盐贫乏的条件下,沙尘的添加对旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvisetus),小角毛藻(Chaetoceros minutissimus)和东海原甲藻(Prorocendrum donghaiense)的生长具有明显的促进作用.与不加沙尘的对照组相比,指数生长期的比生长速率明显升高;其中取自青岛的沙尘对3种藻类的影响最明显;内蒙古锡林郭勒盟正蓝旗的沙尘营养盐含量最低,但是由于其可溶性Fe的溶出量最高,其促进作用也比较显著.在营养盐充足的条件下,沙尘的添加对3种微藻生长的影响均不显著.因此亚洲沙尘输送到西北太平洋海域可能对该海域的初级生产力具有显著的影响.     

改进的单纯形法及其在非线性参数估计中的应用

采用了改进的单纯形法,该算法利用遗传算法的变异操作来增强单纯形法的全局搜索能力,既兼顾了全局收敛性,又具有高效的局部搜索能力。并通过实例验证了该算法的优越性,以及应用于测量上的非线性最小二乘估计的可行性。