贫困村空间分布及影响因素分析——以乌蒙山连片特困区为例

针对目前贫困分布研究以大尺度为主而缺乏对小尺度的关注和致贫因素分析忽略个体效应或背景效应的不足,基于空间贫困视角,以乌蒙山片区为研究区域、贫困村为研究对象,运用空间点模式分析方法探究贫困村空间分布特征,并设计多层线性回归模型从贫困村和县域两个层面综合定量剖析贫困影响因素。研究发现：① 贫困村的空间聚集特征较为明显,总体分布呈现大分散小集中、散点-极核-轴带-团块并存的空间格局。② 贫困村的贫困程度受多层因素的显著影响。其中,村级影响因素为：人口密度、通路率、劳动力比例、遭受自然灾害频次、安全饮用水比例;县级影响因素为：人均地方生产总值、高中阶段毛入学率、植被覆盖率。③ 农村贫困来源于贫困村与县域的双重作用。因此在精准扶贫工作中,政府及相关部门可针对不同尺度对象有针对性地施策,合理配置扶贫资金。     

Reverse-Time Migration of Converted S-Waves of Varying Densities

Ocean-Bottom Node(OBN) acquisitions provide both non-converted and converted reflection energy. There is a clear advantage to independently imaging both P-and S-waves, as they provide more information collectively than either does alone. In many conventional converted-wave pre-stack migration algorithms, density is treated as a constant, which is not the real-life case on earth. S-wave velocity and density information is crucial for hydrocarbon detection because it helps in the identification of porefilling fluids. In this paper, we focused on the effect of density on imaging, and developed a method of reverse-time migration(RTM) on converted s-waves of varying densities(VD-RTMCS). Phase correction was required prior to pre-stack migration to avoid constructive interference between data from adjacent sources. Synthetic data examples showed that when density variations were included, image profiles showed advantages in signal-to-noise ratio, vertical resolution and imaging of complex structures.     

Spatial variation of the relationship between transport accessibility and the level of economic development in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China

As an important component of China' transportation systems, for a long time, the insufficient performance of transport in QinghaiTibet Plateau(QTP) was a bottleneck restricting the economic growth and social development in this area. Nevertheless, the implementation of the western development strategy has accelerated the preliminary construction of comprehensive transport network since 2000. Due to the large area and significant geographical heterogeneity, there is a growing need to understand the relationship between transportation and economic development based on the perspective of spatial difference. By using GIS-based raster analysis and Geographically Weighted Regression(GWR) model, we investigated the spatial-temporal distribution of highway, railway and airport accessibility, respectively, and estimated the correlation and heterogeneity between transport accessibility and the level of economic development. Results revealed that:(1) Transport accessibility in the QTP improved by 53.38% in the past 15 years, which is specifically embodied in the improvement of both highway and railway.(2) Accessibility presented prominent differentiation in the space, increasing from west to east and reducing with the rise of elevation, specifically, the best accessibility area of the highway is below 4000 m above sea level, while the area with an altitude of over 4000 m has the lowest aviation time cost.(3) In general, the long weighted average time cost to critical transport facilities posed significantly negative effect on county economic growth in QTP, more positively, the adverse effect gradually weakened over time.(4) Obvious heterogeneity exists at the influence of different transport accessibility factors on the level of economic development, reflecting both in the horizontal space and altitudinal belt. Therefore, region-specific policies should be addressed for the sustainable development of transport facilities as well as economy in the west mountain areas.     

天山雪岭云杉个体生物量分配及其变化规律的研究

为了探讨天山雪岭云杉林生物量在个体组织中的分配情况及其变化规律,在研究区进行了大量的野外测量,利用已有的雪岭云杉林估算方程,分析了天山雪岭云杉林生物量在各器官（干、枝、叶、皮、根）中的分配及其变化规律。结果表明：（1） 研究区雪岭云杉林的平均生物量为388.74 t·hm^-2,树木各器官中,干、枝、根、叶和皮分别占生物量的43.65%、28.60%、13.49%、11.08%和3.18%。（2）各径级生物量所占百分比为：33.53%（40~50 cm）、20.13%（20~30 cm）、19.59%（30~40 cm）、18.19%（50~60 cm）和2.05%（10~20 cm）;树木生物量在不同树高中的分配表现为：48.78%（20~30 m）＞35.27%（10~20 m）＞14.70%（30~40 m）＞1.25%（0~10 m）;地上和地下生物量的分配比例为：87.54%和12.46%,分别为340.30 t·hm^-2和48.44 t·hm^-2。（3） 随海拔升高,天山雪岭云杉林生物量呈“单峰”变化,在海拔2 100~2 400 m处达到最大值611.58 t·hm^-2;干、皮生物量所占比例随海拔升高而减小,枝生物量逐渐增加,叶、根生物量呈先减小后增加的趋势;径级20~30 cm、30~40 cm和50~60 cm的生物量随海拔升高均呈“单峰型”变化趋势,都在海拔2 100~2 400 m处达到最大;雪岭云杉林不同树高生物量随海拔的升高呈现的趋势不同。天山雪岭云杉林生物量和年均降水量随经纬度的升高均呈降低变化,研究区林分生物量自西向东总体呈现逐渐降低的趋势;林分密度、海拔和降水共同决定了森林生物量的大小及其变化规律,海拔2 100~2 400 m是本研究区雪岭云杉林生长的最适宜场所。结果可为雪岭云杉林生态系统的恢复和重建提供基础资料,对研究区进行综合管理与生态健康分析具有重要意义。     

气候变化背景下海南东寨港红树林生态系统的脆弱性评估

鉴于红树林生态系统对气候变化背景下海平面上升和极端台风事件有高度敏感性,应用1980—2018年的海洋大气观测资料和实地调查数据,分析了海口东寨港地区的海平面、温度和台风最大风速的变化特征,并基于IPCC气候变化综合风险的理论框架,构建了"暴露度-敏感性-适应性"的脆弱性评价指标体系和估算方法,评估了海平面上升和台风事件背景下东寨港红树林生态系统的脆弱性主要特征。结果显示:①东寨港红树林生态系统的致灾影响因子主要为该地区沿海海平面的快速上升,其上升速率可达4. 6 mm/a,远高于全球和中国沿海平均值;其次为1993年之前和2006年之后,在海口地区250 km范围内出现的热带气旋或台风事件;②东寨港红树林脆弱性指数的平均值为0. 31,属于中度脆弱等级,其中三江片区的红树林脆弱性相对最高,演丰片区最低。构建的评价指标体系可较好地反映出海平面快速上升和热带气旋或台风影响下红树林生态系统的脆弱性特征。     

天降血栓通丸对2型糖尿病大鼠血糖、大血管病变的影响

目的：研究天降血栓通丸对2型糖尿病大鼠血糖、大血管病变的影响。方法：将90只wistar大鼠随机分为正常组15只与造模组75只,通过高糖高脂饲料+链脲佐菌素诱导建立糖尿病大鼠模型,造模成功后将其随机分为模型组,天降血栓通丸早期干预组、中期干预组、晚期干预组（简称为早期组、中期组、晚期组）,盐酸吡格列酮组（西药组）,每组各15只,分别采用相应药物干预。观察大鼠一般情况,检测空腹血糖、胰岛素、胰岛素敏感指数、细胞间黏附分子-1（ICAM-1）水平。结果：造模组与空白组比较,胰岛素、胰岛素敏感指标、体质量、第13周空腹血糖差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01或P＜0.05）;药物干预后空腹血糖水平ICAM-1模型组、各治疗组与空白组比较,各治疗组与模型组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：天降血栓通丸无降糖作用,其早期干预能有效降低ICAM-1,这可能是其对2型糖尿病大鼠大血管病变影响的机制之一。     

消栓饮对创伤性深静脉血栓大兔Th1（CD4+TNF-α+）/Th2（CD4+IL-4+）亚群漂移的影响

目的：探讨Th1（CD4^{+TNF-α+）/Th2（CD4+IL-4+）亚群漂移在大兔创伤性深静脉血栓（DVT）形成中的作用及消栓饮的治疗机制。方法：将45只新西兰健康大兔分为空白组、假手术组、0.9%氯化钠注射液组、低分子肝素钠组、消栓饮组,每组各9只,采用直接钳夹静脉+双后肢石膏固定的方法制备创伤性DVT模型后进行给药,于第1、3、7天完成给药4h后,采用流式细胞术检测各组大兔Th1（CD4+TNF-α+）、Th2（CD4+IL-4+）的含量变化及Th1（CD4+TNF-α+）/Th2（CD4+IL-4+）值。结果：给药第1、3、7天0.9%氯化钠注射液组、低分子肝素钠组、消栓饮组的Th1（CD4+TNF-α+）比例、Th2（CD4+IL-4+）比例及Th1（CD4+TNF-α+）/Th2（CD4+IL-4+）值与同时间节点空白组、假手术组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;给药第3、7天低分子肝素钠组、消栓饮组的Th1（CD4+TNF-α+）比例、Th2（CD4+IL-4+）比例及Th1（CD4+TNF-α+）/Th2（CD4+IL-4+）值与0.9%氯化钠注射液组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05。结论：DVT形成过程中存在Th1（CD4+TNF-α+）/Th2（CD4+IL-4+）亚群动态平衡被打破;中药消栓饮可以通过干预Th1（CD4+TNF-α+）、Th2（CD4+IL-4+）含量变化,维持两者的平衡来达到治疗目的。}     

Effects of stocking density on the growth and immunity of Atlantic salmon salmo salar reared in recirculating aquaculture system(RAS)

Atlantic salmon reared in recirculating aquaculture system(RAS) may lead to inappropriately high stocking density, because ?sh live in a limited space. Finding the suitable stocking density of Atlantic salmon reared in RAS is very important for RAS industry. In this paper, the in?uence of stocking density on growth and some stress related physiological factors were investigated to evaluate the ef fects of stocking density. The ?sh were reared for 220 days at ?ve densities(A: 24 kg/m^3; B: 21 kg/m^3; C: 15 kg/m^3; D: 9 kg/m^3 and E: 6 kg/m^3). The results show that 30 kg/m^3 might be the maximum density which RAS can af ford in China. The stocking densities under 30 kg/m^3 have no ef fect on mortality of Atlantic salmon reared in RAS. However, the speci?c growth rate(SGR), ?nal weight and weight gain in the high density group were signi?cantly lower than the lower density groups and middle density groups. Moreover, feed conversion rate(FCR) had a negative correlation with density. Plasma hormone T_3 and GH showed signi?cant decrease with the increase of the stocking density of the experiment. Furthermore, thyroid hormone(T 3), GH(growth hormone) activities were decreased with stocking density increase. However, plasma cortisol, GOT(glutamic oxalacetic transaminase) and GPT(glutamic pyruvic transaminase) activities were increase with stocking density increase. And the stocking density has no ef fects on plasma lysozyme of Atlantic salmon reared in RAS. These investigations would also help devise effcient ways to rear adult Atlantic salmon in China and may, in a way, help spread salmon mariculture in China.     

Archaeal community structure in sediments from a seamount in the Mariana Volcanic Arc

Seamounts are subsurface mountains in the ocean. Examination of the abundance and distribution of Archaea in seamount ecosystems may provide a better understanding of their ecological functions. Most studies of marine archaeal assemblages in seamount area have focused on hydrothermal vents or ferromanganese crusts. We investigated the archaeal communities from a seamount of the Mariana Volcanic Arc, in the tropical western Pacific Ocean by using high-throughput sequencing. Thaumarchaeota was dominant in the sediments of all sample stations. Community diversity and species richness were greatest at stations near the top of the seamount, and lowest at the deepest station. One sample station on the steep southeast slope that faced the Yap-Mariana trench had a unique composition of Archaea. In summary, depth has an important influence on archaeal community structure, and the geographic properties and sediment characteristics may explain the unique distribution patterns of Archaea in this seamount. This study provides a foundation for future research on Archaea in seamounts.