基于遥感影像理解模型的土地利用时空变化监测——以龙口市为例

本文从遥感影像理解模型出发,探讨了遥感信息的知识发现及特征提取问题,特别针对士地利用研究领域,提出了纳入GIS信息的遥感影像综合理解模型,将GIS数据(主要包括高程和坡度)与遥感影像结合起来,从中发现知识,并将知识用于遥感影像的专题信息提取,建立了地学规律知识库,从而提高了遥感影像的分类精度。本文基于遥感影像理解模型,发现土地利用变化区域,提取变化信息,动态地监测了龙口市土地利用的时空变化情况。     

遥感图像线性影纹理解专家系统设计与实现

线性影纹信息是遥感图像中的一类重要信息,线性影纹信息自动提取是遥感图像智能解译的重要研究领域。笔者采用基于特征对象的专家系统技术来完成线性影纹信息的简单类别提取,设计并实现了线性影纹理解专家系统;阐明了系统结构,解译规则获取、表达,基于消息的不确定性推理机及解释机的设计;最后利用系统做了线性影纹类别提取实验,结果表明基于特征对象的专家系统用于线性影纹类别自动提取是切实可行的,并具有较高的提取精度。     

基于人机交互技术的ETM+影像岩性信息提取方法研究——以康恩纳德斑岩铜矿床为例

随着遥感应用技术飞速发展,及近年来高分辨率传感器的不断出现,人们对遥感影像的数字化处理也有了长足进步.但在遥感地质方面,由于"同物异谱"和"同谱异物"现象广泛存在,使计算机自动提取遥感影像上的岩性信息出现较大误差.完全人工解译虽准确率较高,但速度慢,如何将计算机自动提取与人工解译有效结合起来是本次研究的重点.文章以康恩纳德斑岩铜矿床地区ETM 遥感影像为数据源,以计算机自动提取与人工解译相结合,根据已有地质资料,对该区ETM 遥感影像进行岩性信息提取.通过在包古图地区对提取模型进行验证,结果表明两者相互结合可以大大提高识别精度,为进一步地质工作提供良好的遥感信息.     

井中激电地-井方式井旁球体正反演

以激发极化法中的地-井方式中的体极化球形体作为研究对象,采用解析法对地下半空间的电位场进行求解,利用提取出的井中二次场异常电位差进行反演,得出极化球体的球心离井的距离和球心的埋深。通过计算机进行正反演模拟,验证了进行正反演计算的解析式的正确性,并从物理意义上对正反演过程中出现的现象进行分析。最后给出该方法的适用条件以及注意事项。研究对激发极化法地下勘探目标的定量分析具有明确意义。     

CSAMT法在松辽盆地伊胡塔地区嫩江组中的定位应用

上白垩统嫩江组不仅是松辽盆地南部重要的生油层系,而且在本区砂岩型铀成矿中也起着非常重要的作用。从ZK4孔的方法过井测深试验以及地电结构的对比分析入手,对探区内嫩江组的空间分布范围进行了分析研究,通过钻探施工,证实了CSAMT法应用的有效性。     

Distribution of Palygorskite in the Lingtai Profile of Chinese Loess Plateau: Its Paleoclimatic Implications

Palygorskite is a typical indicator mineral of the arid and strong evaporation environment. Distribution of palygorskite in loess-red clay sequences may act as an important indicator for reconstruction of the paleoenvironment and paleoclimate. In this paper, field emission scanning electron microscope and high-resolution transmission electron microscope observations on the red clay-loess-paleosol of the Renjiapo profile at Lingtai, Gansu Province indicate that palygorskite occurs widely in red clay sequences formed before 3.6 Ma, but no occurrence has been found in eolian sediments since 3.2 Ma. Micromorphological features and microstructure of palygorskite show that it is an autogenic mineral formed during pedogenesis, and transformed from iilite-montmorilionite under the pore water action. In the Lingtai profile, the disappearance horizon of palygorskite is consistent with those of increasing magnetic susceptibility, dust flux and depositional rate. The distribution of palygorskite in the profile indicates that the interval of around 3.6 Ma was an important transformation period of the East Asian paleomonsoon, when changes took place in the East Asia paleoclimate pattern, i.e. a high-frequency strong fluctuation alternative evolution of the environment. Therefore, palygorskite is a key indicator mineral of the East Asian paleomonsoon evolution of that time.     

Magnetite-Fluorite Rock: A New Rock Type of Hot Water Sedimentation

The new type hot water sedimentary rock - magnetite-fluorite rock occurs as quasi-layers inflat parts of contact zones between rock body and strata in Bamiaushan of Changshan County,Zhejiang Province, China. The main mineral assemblage is fluorite magnetite cassiterite. The rockshows typical laminated structure and obvious mosaic texture. Its formation temperature is between123℃-160℃, averaging at 142℃. The major chemical composition of the rock includes CaF2, SiO2,Al2O3, FeO, and Fe2O3; the high-content microelement association includes W, Sn, Be, Rb, Sr, S, andCl; and the total content of REE is low (∑REE between 35.34x10-6-38.35x10-6), showing LREEenrichment type of distribution pattern. Diagenesis: driven by the tectonic stress, the formation waterheated in the deep strata had moved along the fissures or fractures in strata and had extractedcomponents from the strata on the way, and finally stagnated in the flat parts of contact zones betweenrock body and strata. With drop in temperature, magnetite and fluorite were separated from the hotwater and precipitated alternately, forming this hot water sedimentary rock with new typemineralogical composition, typical laminated structure, obvious mosaic texture and sub-horizontaloccurrence. The characteristics of the new type mineralogical composition, sedimentary tectonicenvironment and chemical composition are different from that of the well-known traditionalhydrothermai sedimentary rocks.     

藏南冈底斯带西段麦拉花岗岩锆石SHRIMP定年及地质意义

用SHRIMP测定了冈底斯岩带西段麦拉山口岩体同碰撞黑云母二长花岗岩锆石的U-Pb年龄,黑云母二长花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为47.1±1.1Ma。这就为前人提出的雅鲁藏布江地区洋盆闭合、板块开始碰撞的时间为50Ma左右提供了同位素年代学的证据。     

基于ArcGIS的动态路径诱导系统研究

在分析中心式动态路径诱导系统、ArcGIS、Web服务和GIS Web服务等关键技术的基础上,设计了基于ArcGIS的动态路径诱导系统方案和仿真系统的总体框架,并对系统采用的方法、技术进行分析和研究。     

中伊朗盆地Garmsar区块Qom组沉积微相及储层特征研究

伊朗Garmsar区块Qom组形成于碳酸盐岩台地沉积环境,岩性以生物屑灰岩、含砂生物屑灰岩、泥晶灰岩为主,是典型的裂缝~孔隙型储层。利用区内野外实测剖面资料和露头岩样测试资料,对Qom组沉积相进行标识及类型划分,并对Qom组沉积微相及其平面展布特征进行分析,指出了该区域开阔台地相~高能红藻滩微相和局限台地相~泻湖夹台内滩微相是研究区储层发育的有利部位。F段中部的粒内溶孔较为发育,而溶缝主要出现在C1、C3亚段,整个Qom组构造微裂缝不甚发育。但储层孔渗条件比较差,属于中~低孔、低渗~特低渗储层,且存在严重的不均一性。为此,从沉积相与储层特征角度研究认为,中伊朗盆地Garmsar区块Qom组油气勘探存在一定的风险。