西藏嘎拉勒铜金矿床成矿物质来源探讨——来自硫、铅、碳和氢氧同位素地球化学特征的证据

西藏嘎拉勒铜金矿床位于班公湖—怒江成矿带西段,是近年来发现的一个大型镁质矽卡岩型铜金矿床。本文在野外地质调查的基础上,通过S-Pb-C-H-O同位素分析,对嘎拉勒铜金矿床的物质来源进行了探讨。结果表明:(1)矽卡岩型矿石中黄铜矿的δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)值在硫同位素直方图上呈塔式分布,变化范围为–4.4‰~6‰,有少许样品值变化范围较大,表明嘎拉勒矿床硫同位素主要以幔源硫为主,有少量壳源的混染;(2)~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb变化范围为38.427‰~39.008‰,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb变化范围为15.588‰~15.701‰,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb变化范围为18.330‰~18.871‰,显示矿区铅同位素来源以造山带铅为主,少量上地壳铅相结合的特征;嘎拉勒矿床形成于碰撞的造山带环境;(3)含辉钼矿石英脉中δ~(18)O_(V-SMOW)值范围为12.2‰~12.8‰,平均值12.5‰,δD_(V-SMOW)范围为–103.3‰~–95.3‰,平均值为–99.3‰,δ~(18)O_(V-PDB)值范围为–18.1‰~–17.6‰,平均值为–17.85‰,显示受到大气降水加入明显;(4)矽卡岩中方解石C-O同位素测试结果δ~(13)C_(V-PDB)为–2‰,δ~(18)O_(V-PDB)为–15.1‰,δ~(18)O_(V-SMOW)为15.4‰,显示嘎拉勒铜金矿床碳酸盐为海相碳酸盐并经历了溶解作用。综合表明,嘎拉勒铜金矿床是由幔源成矿流体作用形成的,成矿过程中有大气降水的加入,成矿流体与碳酸盐岩发生接触交代作用形成矽卡岩型铜金矿床。     

基于中国北极考察布放浮标观测和数值模拟的海冰和积雪厚度变化分析

Sea ice and the snow pack on top of it were investigated using Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition(CHINARE) buoy data.Two polar hydrometeorological drifters,known as Zeno? ice stations,were deployed during CHINARE 2003.A new type of high-resolution Snow and Ice Mass Balance Arrays,known as SIMBA buoys,were deployed during CHINARE 2014.Data from those buoys were applied to investigate the thickness of sea ice and snow in the CHINARE domain.A simple approach was applied to estimate the average snow thickness on the basis of Zeno~ temperature data.Snow and ice thicknesses were also derived from vertical temperature profile data based on the SIMBA buoys.A one-dimensional snow and ice thermodynamic model(HIGHTSI) was applied to calculate the snow and ice thickness along the buoy drift trajectories.The model forcing was based on forecasts and analyses of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF).The Zeno~ buoys drifted in a confined area during 2003–2004.The snow thickness modelled applying HIGHTSI was consistent with results based on Zeno~ buoy data.The SIMBA buoys drifted from 81.1°N,157.4°W to 73.5°N,134.9°W in 15 months during2014–2015.The total ice thickness increased from an initial August 2014 value of 1.97 m to a maximum value of2.45 m before the onset of snow melt in May 2015;the last observation was approximately 1 m in late November2015.The ice thickness based on HIGHTSI agreed with SIMBA measurements,in particular when the seasonal variation of oceanic heat flux was taken into account,but the modelled snow thickness differed from the observed one.Sea ice thickness derived from SIMBA data was reasonably good in cold conditions,but challenges remain in both snow and ice thickness in summer.     

地热资源可持续开发策略与保护

深州地热田是华北地区水质较好、水温较高的地热田之一.为了实现地热资源可持续开发利用,分析了构造断裂和热储层渗透性能对地热水水位下降的影响,采用干扰井水位消减法对合理井距进行了研究,得出了允许开采量、允许布井数及合理井距等地热资源可持续开发利用参数.     

北极生长的多年海冰晶体结构分析

对中国首次北极科学考察钻取的一根从表面到底面长2.2m的海冰冰芯样，依据冰芯样采取时造成的长度，不等间距地自上而下垂直切片，剖析了冰芯样的晶体结构，获得以纯热力学生长为主的多年海冰正交偏光镜下晶体结构剖面，由晶体结构剖面确定出该海冰为三年冰，此外，还发现北极海冰越夏过程中生成一种动力碎屑凝聚冰，除给出偏光镜下晶体结构和冰芯层理分析外，还描述了动力碎屑凝聚冰的结构特点。     

Fabric and crystal characteristics of Bohai and Arctic sea ice

The fabrics and crystals of Bohai one year ice show that the noncontinuous ice growth rate enables the level ice layers with different amount of air bubbles to be formed in lower part of an ice sheet which was clearly seen from CT technology; typical grain ice and columnar ice occur in the grey ice which grows in stable water; thaw refrozen ice and rafted ice have their specific crystal characters. On the Arctic sea ice, the ice core located at 72°24.037′N, 153°33.994′W and 2.2 m in length was a 3 year ice floe and a new sort of crystal was found, which is defined as refrozen clastic pieces. The crystal profile of the ice core 4.86 m in length located at 74°58.614′N, 160°31.830′W shows the evidence that ice ridge changed into hummock.     

海冰对圆台结构的作用力及结构相互遮蔽关系

利用非冻结模型冰进行海冰对圆台结构上的水平和垂直冰作用力物理模拟试验研究, 给出作用在单圆台结构上水平和垂直冰力上限值同抗弯强度的包络线关系. 对于同类型的圆台, 能够依照一定模型比尺下的模型冰抗弯强度确定作用在圆台上的冰作用力试验值, 然后按照相似比尺复原到原型冰力. 当相邻两个圆台结构物距离比较近时, 圆台结构物之间会发生相互遮蔽. 通过系列不同相邻结构间距和夹角的物理模拟试验, 结合几何投影关系和圆台结构物前冰层的破碎特点及前人已有简单结构的试验理论关系形式, 利用新的物理模拟数据拟合出两个圆台结构之间冰力遮蔽系数同几何遮蔽系数的试验关系.     

Application of DDA Approach to Simulation of Ice Breaking Process and Evaluation of Ice Force Acting on A Structure

The sea ice is idealized as an elastic-brittle material. When an ice sheet moves toward a structure, the dynamic in-teraction between ice and the structure is analyzed by the DDA (Discontinuous Deformation Analysis) approach, where the ice sheet and the structure are considered as assemblages of blocky masses. This has the advantages that the whole process of collision between the ice and structure can be shown visually vvith a series of pictures. Meanwhile, the dynamic response of the structure at each time step after the bumping of the ice against the structure is calculated. And with the aid of inverse analysis developed by the authors, the time history of the resultant ice force exerting on the structure is evaluated. A numerical example shows that the proposed approach is suitable to the simulation of the ice-breaking process and reasonable result of ice force acting on the structure can be obtained.     

对俯冲带地震的研究将提供什么海底资料？

对俯冲带地震的研究将提供什么海底资料？ＸａｖｉｅｒＬｅＰｉｃｈｏｎ等本文第一作者１９９５年１—５月在海洋研究所逗留期间，正值海底研究不断取得进展，其中包括研究其陆上和海域的区域环境方面的Ｋａｉｋｏ—Ｔｏｋａｉ项目，这些研究内容已写成了数篇论文，第一篇...