基于RS和GIS技术的环境质量评估的探讨

分析了GIS技术和RS技术在环境质量评估中的应用,主要包括RS环境评估信息的获取和环境质量评估GIS系统的组成,并指出了基于GIS和RS的环境质量评估系统的优越性以及所面临的问题和发展趋势。     

GPS技术在上海市地面沉降研究中的应用

上海市自1998年开始开展了利用GPS技术监测地面沉降的研究,先后进行了可行性论证、GPS基准网建设、数据处理和平差方法的探索等一系列课题的研究,并布设了由34点组成的覆盖整个上海市的地面沉降监测基准网.为了进一步提高基准网的监测精度和沉降监测的时空分辨率,于2004年又布设了4个24小时连续运行的GPS固定站,对上海市地面沉降实施连续监测.为了考查GPS沉降监测的大地高可能达到的精度,研究合理的观测纲要与数据处理方案,本文在介绍并总结了上海市地面沉降GPS监测工作的同时,分析了GPS沉降监测基准网前后6期的观测数据.数据分析采用GAMIT/GLOBK软件包和GPS_NET软件,计算结果表明,在基线边长达到30～40km时,GPS在大地高方向上的中误差仍可控制在2mm左右,由此推算GPS监测地面沉降的分辨率在3mm左右,完全能够满足上海市地面沉降监测的需要.     

有软夹层的基岩上覆土层在断层错动时的破裂特征研究

采用平面应变有限元法,研究了地震断层错动时有软夹层的基岩上覆土层的破裂特征. 结果表明,软夹层使上覆土层破裂分为两个阶段. 软夹层埋置深浅的不同使上覆土层的破裂过程和破裂范围表现出一定的差异. 埋置较深的软夹层使地表产生较大的破坏. 软夹层的厚薄对上覆土层的破裂进程和破裂范围也有影响.      

内蒙古崇根山地区超基性岩岩石地球化学特征及构造环境分析

针对出露在二连浩特-贺根山缝合带东段的崇根山超基性岩进行了野外地质调查、岩石学和岩石地球化学方面的分析研究,结果显示:崇根山超基性岩已发生了强烈蛇纹石化,基本已经蚀变成蛇纹岩;主量元素表现出高Mg(w(MgO)=36.00%~38.25%)、高Cr(w(Cr2O3)=0.17%~0.46%)、高Ni(w(NiO)=0.21%~0.24%)、低Si(w(SiO2)=39.79%~42.35%)、贫Al(w(Al2O3)=1.04%~1.96%)、低Fe(w(FeOT)=6.79%~9.47%)的特征,其Mg#值为90.05~93.04,m/f值为8.72~11.60,属典型的镁质超基性岩,原岩可能为方辉橄榄岩;稀土元素总量很低,w(∑REE)为1.28×10^-6~2.94×10^-6,稀土元素配分模式为轻稀土元素微弱富集的近平坦型,其(La/Yb)N为2.25~5.95,具一定程度的负Eu异常(δEu=0.35~1.16)和负Ce异常(δCe=0.48~0.68);微量元素富集Ba,U,Ta,亏损Nb,Ti。崇根山超基性岩属变质橄榄岩,是SSZ型蛇绿岩的底部组成单元,为原始地幔经5%~15%部分熔融形成的亏损地幔岩,形成于俯冲带环境中的洋内弧后盆地环境。     

Influences of immersion bathing in Bacillus velezensis DY-6 on growth performance,non-specific immune enzyme activities and gut microbiota of Apostichopus japonicus

In this study,the influences of immersion bathing in different concentrations of Bacillus velezensis DY-6 on the body weight gain rate and non-specific immune enzyme activities of the coelom fluid of sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus)were determined in order to obtain the optimum bacterial concentration.The gut microbiota change in A.japonicus was then analyzed through high-throughput sequencing during the immersion bathing in B.velezensis DY-6 at the optimum concentration for 49 d.The results illustrate that the body weight growth rate of all bathing groups was higher than that of the control.The highest growth rate(25.3%)was achieved when the bacterial concentration was 1 × 10~3 CFU/mL.The activities of non-specific immune enzymes(ACP,AKP,SOD and LZM)of all bathing groups increased,and the activities of the enzymes of groups bathed with the bacterium at 1×10~3 and 1×10~4 CFU/mL reached the highest on day 21 and day 28.Taking the growth rate and economic cost into consideration,the optimum concentration of B.velezensis DY-6 was 1×10~3 CFU/mL.The influences of immersion bathing in B.velezensis DY-6 at 1×10~3 CFU/mL on the gut microbiota of A.japonicus were then evaluated through 16 S rDNA sequencing analysis.Results showed that the gut microbiota changed with the addition of B.velezensis DY-6,and the richness and diversity of the gut microbiota peaked twice on day 14 and day 21,respectively.In association with the non-specific immune enzyme activities and if day 28 was selected as the dividing point,the community structure of the gut microbiota could be obviously divided into two types.The correlation analysis revealed that the non-specific immune enzyme activities were correlated significantly to some gut bacteria(in the phyla Firmicutes,Proteobacteria,and Bacteroidetes)after immersion bathing in B.velezensis DY-6.Our finding s will provide the theoretical foundation for probiotic application in sea cucumber farming.     

胶东地区深部探测成果与展望

遵循科技发展需求,响应国家"十三五"科技发展战略布局,山东省地质科学研究院科研团队以研究胶东金矿集中分布区地壳深部结构为目的,开展了高精度反射地震、大地电磁测深、高精度重力等综合物探剖面测量;在焦家成矿带深部实施了3000m深钻,进行了深部成矿带的验证。以上工作在深部资源勘查、深部探测技术方面获得了众多的成果;在成矿理论研究上取得了显著的进展。     

Using two contrasting methods with the same tracers to trace the main sediment source in a mountainous catchment

Assessing the contribution of sediments from different sources is essential to understand erosive processes and formulate further soil conservation strategies to address environmental problems.In this study,we combined the source fingerprinting approach with geochemistry,including comparison of potential sources,and distribution pattern of major elements,to estimate the different land-use relative contributions to streambed sediment in the Luowugou catchment(13.5 km~2)located on the Heishui River,the first branch of the Jinsha River,China.A total of 57 samples from stream bank,cropland,grassland,forest land,and sediments were collected,and then,15 elements were analyzed foreach sample.The fingerprinting results demonstrated that the stream bank(62.4%)had the greatest relative contribution to the bed sediment yield,while cropland,grassland,and forest land contributed 18.6%,14.9%,and 4.1%to the bed sediments,respectively.In comparison to the fingerprinting method,even though the results upon geochemistry only provide a qualitative assessment,the ranking of sediment contributions based on geochemistry was consistent with the sediment fingerprinting ranking,that is,stream bankcroplandgrasslandforest land.Our findings suggest that the focal point for sediment control practices should be the stream bank rather than cropland in the region.Geochemistry can result in an important means in validating the fingerprinting results.     

边疆旅游地县域旅游经济时空变迁及驱动机制研究——新疆案例

以新疆74个县域单元为研究对象选取多个指标,利用ESDA、ArcGIS和GeoDa等分析方法和手段及动态面板数据模型,分析2008—2017年新疆县域单元旅游经济空间格局演变特征地域差异及驱动机制。结果表明：（1）县域旅游经济集聚特征呈“下降―上升―下降―上升”的态势,彼此之间差异明显,集聚性存在显著的由北向南梯度增强的格局特征。（2）县域旅游经济的“多核心、多条带”分布逐渐形成,但并未改变“北热南冷”的分布格局。（3）受“东北-西南”方向牵引力影响,旅游经济重心轨迹变化呈多个“V”字型重叠分布,也使标准差椭圆的覆盖范围也在此方向上逐渐增大。（4）旅游资源禀赋和政策支持是影响县域旅游经济格局演变的主要驱动因素。交通条件的改善和人力资本水平的提高并非都能促进各县域旅游经济的发展,各影响因素在不同区域间存在明显的强度差异。     

基于SPI的黑龙江省干旱时空特征分析

利用黑龙江省10个气象站点1953—2015年逐日降水数据,计算不同尺度下的标准化降水指数(SPI),并结合游程理论分析黑龙江省干旱的时空演变特征。结果表明:降水仍是黑龙江省干旱的主要影响因素;黑龙江省干旱夏季和秋季呈增强趋势,SPI变化速率分别为每10 a下降0.029、0.135,春旱和冬旱呈缓解趋势,速率为每10 a上升0.061、0.074,年SPI变化速率为每10 a下降0.044;黑龙江省20世纪60年代中后期~70年代末,干旱较为频繁,且干旱的持续时间长、干旱程度大、干旱强度大,出现了1974—1980年的连续干旱期,80年代~90年代中期较为正常,90年代末及之后,干旱频率及其持续时间、程度、强度呈增加趋势;干旱事件的持续时间从西北向东南呈增加—减少趋势,黑龙江省中部的干旱事件持续时间最长。     

中国星级饭店碳排放时空演化特征及影响因素研究

基于2000~2016年中国各省区星级饭店碳排放量的测算结果,采用泰尔指数、ArcGIS技术分析了中国星级饭店碳排放时空演化特征,并利用面板数据估计模型揭示星级饭店碳排放时空演化的影响因素。研究表明:(1)中国星级饭店碳排放在时序上呈先递增后波动递减的态势。(2)中国星级饭店碳排放的区域差异呈缩小趋势,各区域内部差异是造成全国总体星级饭店碳排放差异的主要原因。(3)中国星级饭店碳排放东多西少的梯度分布格局较为突出,随时间推移各省区碳排放量出现不同程度的减少。(4)中国星级饭店碳排放时空分布格局受星级饭店碳排放强度、星级饭店规模、星级饭店结构和气候条件的综合影响。