南海的基本构造特征与成因模型：问题与进展及论争

南海位于欧亚、印澳、太平洋三大板块交接部位,是东亚大陆边缘最大的边缘海,其大陆边缘经历了复杂的类型转换:北部80 Ma左右为安第斯型大陆边缘,于始新世逐步转变为裂陷边缘,中中新世以来逐步转变为典型被动陆缘;东侧17 Ma前为开放的海域,6 Ma以来逐渐以沟弧盆系统的俯冲带为界,成为半封闭海盆,由单向俯冲演变为双向俯冲;西界自34 Ma以来逐渐转变为走滑型或转换型大陆边缘;南界34 Ma前为与北部对应的不对称裂陷型大陆边缘,34~16 Ma为被动陆缘,16 Ma以后逐渐为俯冲消减型大陆边缘。南海成因的动力学背景复杂,有多种成因争论。板块动力因素既有东侧太平洋板块俯冲、菲律宾板块楔入的影响,又有西侧印度洋板块斜向俯冲、洋中脊俯冲,还可能有北侧青藏高原隆升、大陆块体挤出的影响;同时,深部底侵、拆沉、地幔柱、地幔水化过程等地幔动力学背景也不可忽视。     

华北平原区地温梯度与基底构造形态的关系

本文根据部分实测温度资料和有限单元法的数值模拟计算结果,研究了华北平原区地温梯度和地表热流值与基底构造形态的关系,分析了盖层相对厚度、基岩侧界面倾角以及不同岩石热导率比值对地温梯度和地表热流分布图式的影响,并讨论了地壳浅部热流的折射和再分配问题。在此基础上,提出了华北平原区地温梯度和热流值基底构造形态的相关直线校正法,即根据不同构造部位上钻孔的实测地温梯度和盖层相对厚度的相关直线推算区域平均地温梯度和具代表性区域热流值的方法。     

大气对532nm激光影响在漫反射激光测距中的应用

激光光束在大气中的传输是与大气特征有关的,如大气湍流、大气散射与吸收,而且激光测距的回波除了与距离有关外,其回波数及精度也与大气特征相关。漫反射激光测距的目标是低轨空间碎片,在一定反射截面的条件下,应用一定功率的激光进行地面靶板漫反射测距试验,以确定多少功率的激光器可实现空间碎片的漫反射测距,这时地面靶的距离选取应该具有代表性,它代表了在一定斜程下穿过整个大气层的效应。通过对大气湍流和大气衰减对激光传输的影响进行分析,理论上计算出在低轨目标为400km时,漫反射激光测距试验地面靶的水平距离该取多远时才能代表在一定斜程下穿过400km大气层的效应,从而为漫反射激光测距试验地面靶距离的选取提供参考依据。     

Overflow probability of the Salt Lake in Hoh Xil Region

After the bursting of Huiten Nor in Hoh Xil Region in September, 2011, the topic on whether the water overflowed from the Salt Lake would enter into the Chumaer River and become the northernmost source of the Yangtze River has aroused wide concern from public and academic field. Based on Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI remote sensing images during 2010–2015, SRTM 1 arc-second data, Google Earth elevation data and the observation data from the Wudaoliang meteorological station, the study initially analyzed the variations of the Salt Lake and its overflowing condition and probability. The results showed that the area of the Salt Lake expanded sharply from October 2011 to April 2013, and then it stepped into a stable expansion period. On October 27, 2015, the area of the Salt Lake had arrived at 151.38 km², which was about 3.35 times the area of the lake on March 3, 2010. The Salt Lake will overflow when its area reaches the range from 218.90 km² to 220.63 km². Due to the differences between SRTM DEM and Google Earth elevation data, the water level of the Salt Lake simulated would be 12 m or 9.6 m higher than the current level when the lake overflowed, and its reservoir capacity would increase by 23.71 km³ or 17.27 km³, respectively. Meanwhile, the overflowed water of the Salt Lake would run into the Qingshui River basin from its eastern part. Although the Salt Lake does not overflow in the coming decade, with watershed expansion of the Salt Lake and the projected precipitation increase in Hoh Xil region, the probability of water overflow from the Salt Lake and becoming a tributary of the Yangtze River will exist in the long term.     

与翡翠伴生的含钠长石质玉石的鉴别及定名探讨

与翡翠伴生的含钠长石质玉石的外观与传统翡翠非常相似,但成分比较复杂,宝石学参数不再典型,性质常介于钠长石玉和翡翠之间。通过对标本的观察、常规宝石学测试和红外光谱测试,对该过渡类型玉石进行仔细区域调查,总结特征,建议国家标准应加强对翡翠与岩石过渡类型具体的成分标准和物理性质的归钠总结,对相应的类型划分与种类界定提出规范性和统一的标准。     

早期中子星和夸克物质

夸克禁闭的解除与夸克物质的存在一直是物理学家极感兴趣的问题。尽管理论上已指出在超高温或超高密的条件下可以有夸克物质存在,但是由于地面实验室的条件所限,目前还不能通过实验证实这一点.宇宙中被观测到的中子星(例如crab和Vela脉冲星)的中心密度大于4倍的核物质密度,其中心温度也可以达到10~8—10~9K,于是人们希     

大渡河中游泸定-石棉段阶地特征及河谷发育史探讨

基于大渡河中游泸定一石棉河段野外观察和阶地沉积物研究,分析河流的发育特征,影响及其发育演化史。研究表明,该区存在多级构造裂点或岩性裂点,发育有三级夷平面和4～6级阶地,并对阶地沉积物的ESR年代测定,结合前人的阶地测年的数据,阐述了大渡河河谷第四纪的形成过程和青藏高原形成的响应。     

闽南云霄—安溪地区的浅层Q分布

基于人工地震测深资料的Pg波垂直向最大振幅随距离的衰减,计算了福建省云霄—安溪地区的浅层Q值,在长泰—云霄间的漳州地区附近地下2—5km深处,存在高Q异常区.     

中国东北地区人为活动对森林景观格局及鹿科动物生境的影响（英文）

Species abundance and habitat distribution are two important aspects of species conservation studies and both are affected by similar environmental factors. Forest resource inventory data in 2010 were used to evaluate the patterns of habitat for target species of Cervidae in six typical forestry bureaus of the Yichun forest area in the Lesser Xing’an Mountains, northeastern China. A habitat suitability index(HSI) model was used based on elevation, slope, aspect, vegetation and age of tree. These five environmental factors were selected by boosted regression tree(BRT) analysis from 14 environmental variables collected during field surveys. Changes in habitat caused by anthropogenic activities mainly involving settlement and road factors were also considered. The results identified 1780.49 km2 of most-suitable and 1770.70 km2 of unsuitable habitat areas under natural conditions, covering 16.38% and 16.29% of the entire study area, respectively. The area of most-suitable habitat had been reduced by 4.86% when human interference was taken into account, whereas the unsuitable habitat area had increased by 11.3%, indicating that anthropogenic disturbance turned some potential habitats into unsuitable ones. Landscape metrics indicated that average patch area declined while patch density and edge density increased. This suggests that as habitat becomes fragmented and its quality becomes degraded by human activities, cervid populations will be threatened with extirpation. The study helped identify the spatial extent of habitat influenced by anthropogenic interference for the local cervid population. As cervid species clearly avoid human activities, more attention should be paid on considering the way and intensity of human activities for habitat management as fully as possible.     

Impulsion discharge technique and its application in geology casulty control

Impulsion discharge technique is a new technology to prevent geological disasters, such an approach is in a liquid medium into the borehole electrode to gain access to high-voltage, forme discharge, and mechanical wave energy into electrical energy, produce a shockwave and in the same time compact the surrounding soil. Building on the existing foundation of the Act has been applied to engineering and water conservancy projects, the results were very good.