Petrology and PGE Abundances of High‐Cr and High‐Al Podiform Chromitites and Peridotites from the Bulqiza Ultramafic Massif,Eastern Mirdita Ophiolite,Albania

The Bulqiza ultramafic massif, which is part of the eastern Mirdita ophiolite of northern Albania, is world renowned for its high-Cr chromitite deposits. High-Cr chromitites hosted in the mantle section are the crystallized products of boninitic melts in a supra-subduction zone (SSZ). However, economically important high-Al chromitites are also present in massive dunite of the mantle-crust transition zone (MTZ). Chromian-spinel in the high-Al chromitites and dunites of the MTZ have much lower Cr# values (100Cr/(Cr+Al)) (47.7–55.1 and 46.5–51.7, respectively) than those in the high-Cr chromitites (78.2–80.4), harzburgites (72.6–77.9) and mantle dunites (79.4–84.3). The chemical differences in these two types of chromitites are reflected in the behaviors of their platinum-group elements (PGE). The high-Cr chromitites are rich in IPGE relative to PPGE with 0.10–0.45 PPGE/IPGE ratios, whereas the high-Al chromitites have relatively higher PPGE/IPGE ratios between 1.20 and 7.80. The calculated melts in equilibrium with the high-Cr chromitites are boninitic-like, and those associated with the high-Al chromitites are MORB-like but with hydrous, oxidized and TiO2-poor features. We propose that the coexistence of both types of chromitites in the Bulqiza ultramafic massif may indicates a change in magma composition from MORB-like to boninitic-like in a proto-forearc setting during subduction initiation.     

Petrological and Os Isotopic Characteristics of Zedong Peridotites in the Eastern Yarlung–Zangbo Suture in Tibet

The Zedong ophiolites in the eastern Yarlung–Zangbo suture zone of Tibet represent a mantle slice of more than 45 km~2. This massif consists mainly of mantle peridotites, with lesser gabbros, diabases and volcanic rocks. The mantle peridotites are mostly harzburgite, lherzolite; a few dike-like bodies of dunite are also present. Mineral structures show that the peridotites experienced plastic deformation and partial melting. Olivine(Fo89.7–91.2), orthopyroxene(En_(88–92)), clinopyroxene(En_(45–49) Wo_(47–51) Fs_(2–4)) and spinel [Mg~#=100×Mg/(Mg+Fe)]=49.1–70.7; Cr~#=(100×Cr/(Cr+Al)=18.8–76.5] are the major minerals. The degree of partial melting of mantle peridotites is 10%–40%, indicating that the Zedong mantle peridotites may experience a multi–stage process. The peridotites are characterized by depleted major element compositions and low REE content(0.08–0.62 ppm). Their "spoon–shaped" primitive–mantle normalized REE patterns with(La/Sm)_N being 0.50–6.00 indicate that the Zedong ultramafic rocks belong to depleted residual mantle rocks. The PGE content of Zedong peridotites(18.19–50.74 ppb) is similar with primary mantle with Pd/Ir being 0.54–0.60 and Pt/Pd being 1.09–1.66. The Zedong peridotites have variable, unradiogenic Os isotopic compositions with ~(187)Os/~(188)Os=0.1228 to 0.1282. A corollary to this interpretation is that the convecting upper mantle is heterogeneous in Os isotopes. All data of the Zedong peridotites suggest that they formed originally at a mid-ocean ridge(MOR) and were later modified in supra–subduction zone(SSZ) environment.     

中国航磁大地构造单元划分

本文以我国截止到2011年基本覆盖陆域及部分海域的航磁数据编制的全国航磁系列图为基础,以航磁反映的区域磁场和磁性基底起伏特征为依据,汲取主流大地构造观的划分理念,以板块构造理论及大陆动力学思想为指导,以磁场反映的构造特征为切入点,结合重力、遥感、地质资料对中国陆域构造单元进行划分。大地构造单元划分4个级别:一级构造单元为陆块区和造山系,共划分出8个;二级构造单元为陆块、弧盆系和地块,共划分出32个;三级构造单元为盆地、坳陷带(区)和隆起带(区),共划分出85个;四级构造单元为隆起和坳陷,共划分出332个。本划分方案旨在为油气地质构造背景研究及油气勘探提供一份地球物理资料。文中重点讨论了一、二级构造单元界线厘定的磁场依据及与前人划分存在的不同之处,而三、四级构造单元完全依据磁场及磁性基底起伏情况进行划分,并在盆地和坳陷区给出了深度信息,这为油气勘探者提供了必要的技术支撑。同时,借助丰富的航磁信息提示出一些地质构造方面难解现象,供同行专家参考与讨论。     

锚固岩体的单轴压缩力学特性及其各向异性特征分析

通过对含有锚杆的水泥砂浆试件进行单轴压缩试验,系统地研究了锚杆的布置方式对试件强度和变形特性的影响。研究结果表明:(1) 当锚杆横截面的连线呈直线或者正方形时,随着锚杆数量的增加,试件的抗压强度、弹性模量均会逐渐增加,试件峰值应变的变化没有固定规律;(2) 当锚杆横截面的连线呈直线时且试件中的锚杆数量相同时,荷载方向垂直于锚杆横截面的连线时试件的抗压强度和弹性模量,大于荷载方向平行于锚杆横截面的连线时试件的抗压强度和弹性模量。     

西藏塔惹增地区下白垩统捷嘎组的厘定及其地质意义

笔者于西藏仲巴县塔惹增地区一带前人划分的一套早白垩世早期则弄群中发现了具有典型意义的、代表早白垩世晚期的Ampullina xainzaensis Yu,Ampullina cf. larteli Landerer,Tylostoma cf. brasilianus Maury,Pseudamaura cf. subfournaeti (Pcelincev),Gyrodes gaultiana Orbigny,Leviathania cf. gerassimovi(Pcelincev),Gymnentome cf. pizcuetana(Vilanova)等腹足类化石,以及较为丰富的中圆笠虫Mesorbitolina sp.和达克斯虫Daxia sp。表明在该区则弄群中至少有一部分以前没有被识别出的早白垩世晚期地层。通过岩石组合特征、基本层序、生物化石时代对比,将该套地层归属于捷嘎组。这一地层的确定为冈底斯带白垩系地层划分对比、地层格架建立提供了重要的依据,并丰富了该地层的古生物资料,且为中生代盆地的演化历史、古地理轮廓的确定提供了新的基础资料。     

关岭-贞丰石漠化治理示范区植被覆盖变化及其对气候因子的响应

为揭示喀斯特石漠化治理示范区植被覆盖变化以及气候因子对植被覆盖变化的影响,利用2006—2015年Landsat 30 m/16 d分辨率影像数据,采用最大合成法、NDVI差值指数和相关、偏相关分析法,系统分析示范区归一化植被指数的时空变化特征及其与气候因子的关系。结果表明:(1)2006—2015年最大NDVI平均值为0.39,NDVI较高覆盖区域在示范区南北边界,而较低覆区域以花江南岸为主;(2)2006年以来示范区极低(-1.210)、低(-0.669)和中等(-0.729)植被覆盖度呈减少趋势,高(1.359)和极高(1.247)植被覆盖度增加,整体上呈显著增加趋势;(3)本月NDVI与本月、上月、上上月降雨量和气温的相关性均通过显著水平0.05检验,且本月NDVI与本月降雨量相关性高于本月气温(RNDVI降雨 =0.782),本月NDVI与上月气温相关性高于上月降雨量(RNDVI气温 =0.771);(4)在月尺度上,示范区植被生长对降雨量无滞后期,而对气温存在1个月的滞后期。      

塔里木陆块西北缘萨热克砂岩型铜矿床构造-流体演化对成矿的制约

塔里木陆块西北缘萨热克砂岩型铜矿床构造演化、流体演化与成矿之间具有密切关系,处于一个统一系统中。矿床成岩期方解石中包裹体水的δD值为-65.3‰~-99.2‰,改造成矿期石英包裹体水的δD值为-77.7‰~-96.3‰,成岩成矿期成矿流体δ~(18)OH_2O变化范围为-3.22‰~1.84‰,改造成矿期成矿流体δ~(18)OH_2O变化范围为-4.26‰~5.14‰,指示萨热克铜矿成岩期、改造期成矿流体主要为中生代大气降水及其经水岩作用而成的盆地卤水。矿石中辉铜矿δ~(34)S值为-24.7‰~-15.4‰,指示硫主要源自硫酸盐细菌与有机质还原,部分源于有机硫。构造与成矿流体演化对砂岩铜矿成矿起关键制约作用。盆地发展早期强烈的抬升运动使盆地周缘基底与古生界剥蚀,为富铜矿源层的形成提供了丰富物源,至晚侏罗世盆地发展晚期,长期演化积聚的巨量含矿流体在库孜贡苏组砾岩胶结物及裂隙中富集,在萨热克巴依盆地内形成具有经济意义的砂岩型铜矿床。