Research Progress of Seafloor Pockmarks in Spatio-Temporal Distribution and Classification

Seafloor pockmarks are important indicators of submarine methane seepages and slope instabilities.In order to promote the understanding of submarine pockmarks and their relationship with sediment instabilities and climate changes,here we summarize the research results of pockmarks in the spatio-temporal distributions and shaping factors.Most of pockmarks occur along active or passive continental margins during the last 25 kyr B.P..Circular and ellipse are the most common forms of pockmarks,whereas pockmarks in a special crescent or elongated shape are indicators of slope instabilities,and ring-shape pockmarks are endemic to the gas hydrate zones.Further researches should be focused on the trigger mechanism of climate changes based on the pockmarks in the high latitudes formed during the deglaciation periods,and the role of gas hydrates in the seafloor evolution should be elucidated.In addition,the feature of pockmarks at their early stage(e.g.,developing gas chimneys and gas driving sedimentary doming)and the relations between pockmarks and mass movements,mud diapirs could be further studied to clarify the influences of rapid methane release from submarine sediments on the atmospheric carbon contents.     

基于应力腐蚀和腐蚀疲劳的焊缝磁记忆信号分析

为了研究不同腐蚀条件下的焊缝磁记忆特征信号,对20号钢板状焊缝试件进行残余应力腐蚀、35kN恒拉伸应力腐蚀和35kN静载、25kN动载拉拉腐蚀疲劳对比实验,分析焊缝正、反面磁记忆信号的变化规律,获得焊缝腐蚀发展进程中应力腐蚀与腐蚀疲劳各自对应的磁记忆特征信号.结果表明:在应力腐蚀状态下,不同拉伸载荷对应的磁记忆信号特征不同,35kN恒拉伸应力腐蚀与残余应力腐蚀相比,焊缝区磁记忆信号峰峰值及其梯度更大,磁记忆曲线分布的分散度更大;35kN静载、25kN动载拉拉腐蚀疲劳与35kN恒拉伸应力腐蚀相比,焊缝区磁记忆曲线上下波动多,过零点次数多,磁记忆曲线分布的分散度小.这为磁记忆技术在焊缝工程检测的定性与定量分析提供基础数据.     

印度尼西亚方程的改进及其在大庆长垣低孔渗储层的应用

针对大庆长垣F油层储层具有孔隙度小、渗透率低、泥质含量高、微孔隙发育、束缚水饱和度高等特点,通过理论和实验分析长垣F油层低孔、低渗储层的主要导电因素,得出泥质附加导电和束缚水导电是该区F油层的低孔、低渗泥质砂岩储层的重要导电因素.考虑束缚水和可动水导电路径不同,基于三水导电模型的推导原理,建立混合水等效电导率方程;依据该区矿化度较低和含泥高的储层特征,对适用于淡水高泥储层的印度尼西亚方程进行改进,用混合水等效电导率代替原方程中的地层水电导率,建立长垣地区F油层低孔低渗泥质砂岩含水饱和度模型.利用岩心分析数据和常规测井资料,采用多元回归法确定长垣F油层饱和度模型中的泥质体积分数、孔隙度、束缚水饱和度.利用岩电实验数据,采用最优化方法确定长垣F油层饱和度模型中的饱和度指数、胶结指数等参数.经密闭取心井含水饱和度对比和试油结果验证,建立的含水饱和度模型可用于F油层的低孔低渗泥质砂岩储层定量评价.     

CRInSAR与PSInSAR融合探测地表线性变形速率

提出利用CRInSAR与PSInSAR融合解算地表变形参数的算法。将CR点上获取的线性变形速率与高程改正结果作为PS基线网络的起算数据,依据最小二乘原理求解PS点上待求线性变形速率与高程改正值的最优解。这一算法可融合PSInSAR与CRInSAR两种算法的优势,起到很好的互补作用。实验显示,这一算法获取的线性变形速率精度可达±0.37 mm/a,高程改正值精度可达±0.5 m,证实该算法在实际地表变形监测中具备可行性。     

Decomposition and Evolution of Intracontinental Strike-Slip Faults in Eastern Tibetan Plateau

Little attention had been paid to the intracontinental strike-slip faults of the Tibetan Plateau. Since the discovery of the Longriba fault using re-measured GPS data in 2003, an increasing amount of attention has been paid to this neglected fault. The local relief and transverse swath profile show that the Longriba fault is the boundary line that separates the high and flat tomography of the Tibet plateau from the high and precipitous tomography of Orogen. In addition, GPS data shows that the Longriba fault is the boundary line where the migratory direction of the Bayan Har block changed from eastward to southeastward. The GPS data shows that the Longriba fault is the boundary fault of the sub-blocks of the eastern Bayan Har block. We built three-dimensional models containing the Longriba fault and the middle segment of the Longmenshan fault, across the Bayan Har block and the Sichuan Basin. A nonlinear finite element method was used to simulate the fault behavior and the block deformation of the Eastern Tibetan Plateau. The results show that the low resistivity and low velocity layer acts as a detachment layer, which causes the overlying blocks to move southeastward. The detachment layer also controls the vertical and horizontal deformation of the rigid Bayan Har block and leads to accumulation strain on the edge of the layer where the Longmenshan thrust is located. After a sufficient amount of strain has been accumulated on the Longmenshan fault, a large earthquake occurs, such as the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The strike slip activity of the Longriba fault, which is above the low resistivity and low velocity layer, partitions the lateral displacements of the Bayan Har block and adjusts the direction of motion of the Bayan Har block, from the eastward moving Ahba sub-block in the west to southeastward moving Longmenshan sub-block in the east.     

基于遥感信息的土地资源可持续利用研究

遥感信息是对自然界的反映，它具有宏观、动态、准确、快速的优点，可以及时提供动态数据。基于遥感信息，对吉林西部土地资源利用状况进行调查，运用主成分分析法，可以不损失或很少损失原有的信息，将原来个数较多而且彼此相关的变量转换为新的个数较少而且彼此独立或不相关的新变量。对土地资源可持续利用进行定量分析研究，指出土地利用中存在的问题，并提出吉林西部土地资源可持续利用发展模式。     

基于夜光遥感的城市空间发展格局研究——以海口市为例

利用DMSP/OLP和NPP/VIIRS夜光遥感影像对海口近30年城市空间发展进行了研究,结果表明:海口城市化扩展速度在2008—2012年处于高峰期,扩展方向驱动力为西海岸、江东片区,当前多为内涵式填充发展.结合社会经济数据分析,发现固定资产投资额为促使建成区扩展的主要动力之一,该研究对海南省的城市规划建设具有重要的指导意义.     

福建建阳县虞墩剖面二叠纪腕足动物群

通过研究福建省建阳县虞墩剖面所采集的腕足动物化石,共获6属5种,2个未定种,其中Paracrurithyris pygmaea,Tethyochonetes quadrata和Acosarina minuta在虞墩剖面为首次报道。综合化石时代分布和区域对比,将该动物群的时代确定为晚二叠世长兴期,含该动物群的地层为大隆组,而非文笔山组或泉上组。通过对该腕足动物群的古生态分析,并结合该套地层的沉积特征,判断沉积环境为温暖条件下的浅海相。     

北京周边二叠系山西组泥岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

对采自北京周边的二叠系山西组露头及钻井泥岩样品进行了岩石学和地球化学研究,结果表明：岩石主要由粘土矿物和石英组成,兼有少量碳酸盐岩和长石;岩石中碳酸盐岩含量的高低与CaO、MgO含量有很好的对应关系;SiO₂、Na₂O和K₂O亏损,TiO₂和Fe₂O₃^T富集,反映了基性物源的存在;微量元素特征比值显示源区母岩为非单一物源,稀土元素总量较高,轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素平坦,铕大部分具明显负异常、少部分微弱正异常,Ce基本无异常,显示为多物源,各样品稀土元素配分模式与大陆上地壳一致,显示了沉积物具有同源性。源岩应为来自于华北地块北缘的大陆上地壳的沉积岩、花岗岩和碱性玄武岩的混合。二叠系山西组泥岩沉积于覆水较深的还原环境,源区构造背景为大陆岛弧与活动大陆边缘。     

川西坳陷新页HF-1井须五段泥页岩吸附气含量主控因素及其定量预测模型

页岩气是一种重要的非常规天然气,其中相当一部分的天然气以吸附态存在。吸附气含量是页岩气资源评价和目标区优选的关键性参数,也是评价页岩是否具有经济开采价值的一个重要标准。为了探讨川西坳陷新页HF-1井须五段泥页岩吸附气含量主控因素,选取了该井须五段泥页岩样品进行同一温度下的等温吸附实验,获得页岩等温吸附特征曲线及Langmuir体积和Langmuir压力值,分析压力对页岩吸附气含量的影响程度,利用Langmuir模型计算地层压力条件下的吸附气含量。利用实验数据分析了新页HF-1井须五段泥页岩吸附气含量与比表面积、孔隙度、密度、成熟度、湿度和压力各单因素之间的相关关系,然后运用SPSS软件对吸附气含量的几个影响因素进行了主成分分析。结果表明：比表面积、湿度和压力是影响新页HF-1井须五段泥页岩吸附气含量的主要因素。最后建立了同时考虑这3个主控因素的页岩吸附气含量计算新模型。通过新模型可以计算出新页HF-1井须五段未知泥页岩的吸附气含量,计算结果与实测值之间相关系数高,结果准确可靠,是一种评价等温条件下页岩吸附气含量的好方法,对页岩吸附气含量评价具有一定的指导意义。