保水剂与活性炭改良白云岩石漠化坡地土壤促进植物生长的盆栽试验研究

文章分析了白云岩坡地岩土组构特点,针对白云岩坡地土壤易漏水、漏肥的原因,提出利用保水剂的保水功能和活性炭的吸附与缓释功能对白云岩坡地土壤进行改良的思路和方法,并开展相关盆栽试验,研究保水剂保水、活性炭保肥对促进植物生长的作用,取得了良好效果。研究结果表明：（1）减少水分渗漏,利用保水剂的吸水性,是促进白云岩坡地植被生物量提高的重要措施。加入保水剂含量比例为0.5%时,总生物量比不加保水剂处理增加51.2%。加入保水剂含量比例为1%时,总生物量比不加保水剂处理增加111.2%;（2）同等添加0.5%保水剂情况下,随着活性炭加入比例的提高,生物量增长显著。加入3%的活性炭处理相比未加入活性炭处理,总生物量提高31.2%;加入5%的活性炭处理相比未加入活性炭处理总生物量提高78.6%。初步论证了利用活性炭的吸附与缓释功能改良白云岩糖砂层土壤,缓解养分渗漏的可行性。（3）白云岩土壤改良前后,植被生长差异显著。加入0.5%保水剂和5%的活性炭的处理比无添加的对比实验,总生物量提高101.2%,其中地上部分与地下部分分别增长90.9%和205.8%。此研究为白云岩石漠化坡地提高土地生产力, 缓解人地矛盾, 促进白云岩石漠化坡地植被恢复及土地的开发利用探索了新途径,是一种待之有效的土壤改良方法。     

环渤海地区地下水库开发利用前景

本文从补给水源、水文地质、环境地质、生态环境效应以及经济效益等方面,分析了环渤海地区建设地下水库的可行性.划分了滨海河谷型、山间盆地(河谷)型、山前冲洪积平原(扇)型、冲积平原埋藏古河道型等四种地下水库类型,并对地下水库的调蓄能力和新增地下水开采量进行了评价.其中,在辽宁、山东沿海地区尚有宜建滨海河谷型地下水库库址35处,总库容28.85×108m3,可新增地下水开采资源2.60×108m3;有宜建山间盆地(河谷)型4处,总库容1.22×108m3,可新增地下水开采资源0.24×108m3.目前,区内已建滨海河谷型地下水库8处,新增地下水开采资源2.89×108m3,取得显著的经济、社会和环境效益.因此,在滨海河谷等地区选择适宜地段,建设地下水库,对于缓解环渤海地区缺水、改善水质、防止海水入侵等均有重要现实意义.     

Genesis of Geothermal Fluid in Typical Geothermal Fields in Western Sichuan,China

The hydrogeochemical characteristics of geothermal fluids can reveal the genesis of geothermal systems and act as important references for developing and using geothermal resources.This study presents hydrogeochemical processes and thermal cycle mechanisms of typical geothermal fields in Western Sichuan.Based on the geological conditions in Western Sichuan,29 hot springs in three geothermal fields in the Batang and Litang areas were selected for hydrochemical and isotopic (δD andδ~(18)O) analyses.Furthermore,the temperature of the thermal reservoir was calculated and the upflow cooling process of the hot springs was analyzed.Most of the subterranean hot waters in Batang and Litang are of the HCO_3-Na hydrochemical type.The ion variation in Batang is primarily affected by water-rock interactions.There is a strong positive correlation between Na~+,B~-,and Cl~-in Litang,suggesting that they have the same material source.The Na~+and metaboric acid content is relatively high,which indicates that the groundwater runoff in both areas is relatively long-lasting,with reduced flow velocity;moreover,the metasilicic acid content is relatively high,which supports this conclusion.Both hydrogen and oxygen isotopes plot near the atmospheric precipitation line,indicating that groundwater recharge is functionally obtained from precipitation.The calculated thermal storage temperatures in Batang and Litang were 88–199°C and 96–154°C,respectively.The proportion of cold water mixing in Batang was 64%–67%,while that in Litang was 60%–68%.According to the calculated results,the initial thermal cycle depth of the Batang area (4540–4780 m) was greater than that of the Litang area (3150–3960 m).The enthalpy of the deep parental geothermal fluid in Batang was 1550 J/g with a Cl~-concentration of 37 mg/L,while that in Litang was 2100 J/g with a Cl~-concentration of 48 mg/L.     

李氏叶肢介（Leaid）在内蒙古上二叠统陶海营子组 的发现及其意义

2009年8月,在内蒙古大兴安岭地区扎鲁特旗陶海营子重新测制了上二叠统陶海营子组剖面。自下而上共发现3层叶肢介（包括2层李氏叶肢介类Leaid化石）,经鉴定为单脊型与双脊型的新种类。在中国,二叠纪的李氏叶肢介类（Leaid）化石前人仅在甘肃肃南县上二叠统肃南组发现过,计2属3种[1],其后一直未见报道。这类化石在大兴安岭地区的发现,填补了该时期中国东部李氏叶肢介类（Leaid）分布的空白,为该时期地层的区域对比和时代确定提供了重要的化石证据,具有重要的地层意义。同时,为进一步探讨它们的分布、迁徙、古生态、生物地理区系等增加了实际材料,具有古地理和古构造学上的理论意义。     

Prediction of Shale Gas Pressure based on Multi-channel Seismic Inversion in Fuling

The accurate prediction of formation pressure is important in oil/gas exploration and development. However, the achievement of this goal remains challenging, due to insufficient logging data and the low predictive data accuracy from seismic data. In this work, a case study was carried out in the Baima area of Wulong, in order to develop a workflow for accurately predicting shale gas formation pressure. The multi-channel stack method was first used, as well as the inversion of single-channel seismic data, to construct velocity and density models of the formation. Combined with the existing well-logging data, the velocity and density models of the whole well section were established. The shale gas formation pressure was then estimated using the Eaton method. The results show that the multi-channel seismic stacking method has a higher accuracy than the inversion of the formation velocity obtained by the single-channel seismic method. The discrepancies between our predicted formation pressure and the actual formation pressure measurement are within an acceptable range, indicating that our workflow is effective.     

淮南深部地球物理实验场重力噪声水平初步分析

利用淮南深部地球物理实验场地下848 m巷道内的Burris弹簧重力仪和地表LCR-ET20弹簧重力仪同期连续重力潮汐观测资料,对实验场地表和地下重力噪声水平进行了初步分析.分析结果表明在频率小于1.70 mHz(对应周期约为9.8 min)时,地下重力噪声水平都要比地表低;特别是在重力仪敏感的信号频段(周期大于3h的信号频段),地下848 m巷道内的重力噪声水平要比地表低约2个数量级,充分验证了实验场地下观测环境具有低重力噪声水平的超静特点.实验结果证明淮南深部地球物理实验场地下848 m巷道可为深地多物理场观测提供超静观测环境,为检测微弱地球物理场信号提供绝佳观测条件.     

闽北地区中侏罗世火山岩的发现及其地质意义

中侏罗世火山岩在东南沿海分布极少,但对区域中生代构造-岩浆活动过程及大地构造演化的研究具有重要意义。在闽北地区大面积白垩纪火山岩区调查中,在政和铁山地区发现中侏罗世火山岩,用LA-ICP-MS同位素测试技术测得的锆石U-Pb年龄为173.63±0.80Ma。火山岩属钙碱性系列流纹质熔结凝灰岩,显示过铝质、富钾、富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素等地球化学特征,推断其形成于陆缘弧环境,与古太平洋板块早期俯冲作用有关。     

无锡马山抽水蓄能电站地面厂房边坡稳定性分析

以无锡马山抽水蓄能电站地面厂房建筑过程中形成的人工边坡为例,在对其工程地质剖面分析并找出可能的滑动模式后,利用极限平衡法和有限元法分析了4个典型地质剖面的稳定性安全系数以及应力应变关系。结果表明,通过对该边坡的极限平衡法得到了2-2剖面的安全系数和通过有限元法得到的计算结果比较接近,且都满足相关规范的要求;坡体的最大位移发生在高程为－20 m和－5.0 m附近,其值为－22 mm;最大主应力位于高程－45.0 m处,值为0.134 MPa;最小主应力位于坡内深处,其值为－6.22 MPa。同时,提出了下一阶段应考虑时间效应,对边坡的变形进行分析。     

Analysis on the law of occurrence of shallow geothermal energy in Zhoukou City of Henan Province,China

In this paper, through data collection and field investigation, the development and utilization status of shallow geothermal energy in Zhoukou urban area was discussed. Based on the analysis of hydrogeological conditions, rock and soil structure characteristics and field test research, the spatial distribution characteristics of rock and soil in the study area were summarized. The study shows that Zhoukou City is located in the alluvial plain of Huanghuai, and the loose deposits of river alluvial genesis range 0-200 m. These loose deposits and groundwater stored in their pores are the main carriers of shallow geothermal energy. In the central part of the Yinghe River in the middle of the study area, the aquifer thickness is within 200 m, the particle size is coarser, the water-bearing degree and recharge capacity is better. On this basis, the paper uses AHP to evaluate the suitability of shallow geothermal energy development and utilization to guide the rational development and utilization of shallow geothermal energy resources.     

辽宁北票地区江沟山岩体锆石U-Pb年代学和地球化学

辽宁北票地区江沟山岩体主要岩性为二长花岗岩,属高钾钙碱性岩系.SiO2含量高（71.4%~73.78%）,富碱并相对富Na2O（Na2O/K2O平均为1.17）,Mg#较低（平均为0.18）.岩石的铝饱和指数（A/CNK）较高（1.09~1.24）,为过铝质岩石.标准矿物中普遍出现刚玉分子（1.36~3.01）,应属S型花岗岩特点.稀土总量较低（平均为96.99×10-6）,轻、重稀土分馏明显（（La/Yb）N=6.27~32.88）,有中等程度的负铕异常（0.77~0.87）.在微量元素蜘蛛网图上,强烈富集大离子亲石元素（如Rb、Ba）,高场强元素（如Ti）强烈亏损.在R1-R2图解中,江沟山岩体投影在同碰撞环境.该岩体锆石U-Pb年龄加权平均分别为239±2 Ma和233±4 Ma,表明该岩体为三叠纪侵位.前人研究发现,本区西部有中三叠世（229.2~237.5 Ma）侵入的S型花岗岩体,认为是西伯利亚板块与华北板块碰撞的产物.本文结论与之完全一致,从而为两大板块边缘大陆岩石圈演化提供了新的依据.