新疆鄯善县阿奇山铅锌(铜)矿物化探特征及综合找矿标志

通过分析阿奇山铅锌(铜)矿床高精度磁测、激电中梯、高精度重力、对称四极激电测深及化探扫面圈定的物化探异常,推断出物化探异常的原因,并对比了不同物化探找矿方法的有效性.认为高精度磁测找矿效果不明显,激电中梯、高精度重力测量、对称四极激电测深及化探扫面找矿效果较明显.进而总结出区内铅锌(铜)矿勘查的物化探找矿标志,为研究阿奇山铅锌(铜)矿成矿规律及开展地质勘查提供了一定科学依据.     

综合物探方法在青海省跃进山铁矿勘查中的应用

以跃进山铁矿为研究对象,利用地面高精度磁测和可控源音频大地电磁法两种方法的联合勘查,达到了最终的勘查目的.本区的地质、物探实际勘查工作表明,针对地形困难和地质特殊的测区,选择适合指导本区地质找矿的物探工作方法至关重要,它直接影响到最终的勘查效果.实践证明,在本区综合运用地面高精度磁测和可控源音频大地电磁测深取得了良好的地质找矿效果.通过深入研究综合物探异常,结合研究区地质特征对矿床的找矿前景做出了综合评价,建立了矿区的地质—地球物理找矿模型,可为成因类型相似或相同地区找矿提供借鉴意义.     

Os水吸收液ICP-MS测量信号强度衰减原因研究

蒸馏法能从样品中有效分离出OsO_4,吸收液直接用于ICP-MS测定,是辉钼矿Re-Os定年的关键技术环节。但实验发现,长时间放置的吸收液中Os信号强度显著降低。根据OsO_4化学性质推测原因在于一是挥发使吸收液Os含量减少,二是还原使+8价Os变成低价态,气态比例降低,若雾化效率不变,进入质谱仪的Os减少,两者都会导致信号降低,但具体影响情况不明,需深入研究。本文利用辉钼矿标准物质制备不同放置时间、酸度和温度的吸收液,对比上述条件对ICP-MS信号强度的影响。实验时将残余吸收液与稀释剂、氧化剂封入Carius管加热蒸馏,测定Os含量。结果表明:吸收液放置时间越长,酸度越低,温度越高,信号降幅越大,幅度达到3.2%~68.6%。室温下放置相同时间,低酸度吸收液的Os保存率高于高酸度吸收液,但Os信号强度低于后者,证明了挥发和还原共同导致信号衰减,且还原是主导原因。本文提出,冷冻(-18℃)可抑制OsO_4挥发,提高酸度(约3.5 mol/L)可减弱OsO_4还原,两者结合抑制信号衰减,提高了蒸馏法的灵活性和适用性。     

基于遥感影像的地理特征信息的提取与分析

以云南省会泽县为例,基于ETM+、ASTER、DEM等遥感影像数据运用ArcGIS、ERDAS等遥感软件提取研究区的植被、地形、坡度坡向等一系列地理特征信息,并生成相关图件,为本区的农业规划、水土流失、地质灾害、资源开发、土壤侵蚀等相关研究提供多方面的空间信息参考.     

水平荷载下导管架平台桩基础的非线性有限元分析

导管架平台桩基础的控制荷载主要为风荷载、波浪荷载、地震荷载等水平荷载,为研究水平荷载下导管架平台桩基础的承载特性,采用非线性有限元分析方法对水平荷载下桩-土之间的相互作用进行研究,提出了有效模拟桩基水平承载特性的有限元模型,分析了模型桩的刚度、直径、土质参数中水平土压力系数、剪胀角对桩基承载特性的影响及水平荷载下群桩承载特性,并将有限元计算结果与API规范及模型试验结果进行对比。研究结果表明,非线性有限元分析方法分析水平荷载下桩-土相互作用是可行的,计算结果可为导管架平台的桩基设计提供参考。     

相对位移反分析的DFP优化方法及其工程应用

洞室围岩的某些参数,如弹性模量、强度参数等,对地下洞室的施工和设计具有极其重要的作用,直接进行这些参数的现场测量势必要耗费大量的物资和精力,在这种背景下,位移反分析的工程应用具有很重要的理论和实用价值。但洞室工程中大量不确定性因素的存在使得监测结果不可避免地存在随机性,有时会使得变形监测结果产生较大的误差,甚至失真。因此以监测结果的绝对值所反演得到的参数可能是错误的。在这种情况下,以监测数据的相对值进行参数反演在一定程度上可以消除测量误差。基于相对位移的随机反分析法并结合DFP优化算法开发了基于相对位移的随机反分析法,将其应用于一具体洞室工程中反演其弹性模量取得了较为理想的效果。     

尾矿坝安全性快速勘测评价

在尾矿坝地表调查中,应用简易的测量和物探技术勘测坝体表面和内部的浸润线、渗水情况及基础坝的透水状况。采用的测量和物探方法简单快捷、测量数据准确,为安全评价工作提供了客观数据。     

Decomposition and Evolution of Intracontinental Strike-Slip Faults in Eastern Tibetan Plateau

Little attention had been paid to the intracontinental strike-slip faults of the Tibetan Plateau. Since the discovery of the Longriba fault using re-measured GPS data in 2003, an increasing amount of attention has been paid to this neglected fault. The local relief and transverse swath profile show that the Longriba fault is the boundary line that separates the high and flat tomography of the Tibet plateau from the high and precipitous tomography of Orogen. In addition, GPS data shows that the Longriba fault is the boundary line where the migratory direction of the Bayan Har block changed from eastward to southeastward. The GPS data shows that the Longriba fault is the boundary fault of the sub-blocks of the eastern Bayan Har block. We built three-dimensional models containing the Longriba fault and the middle segment of the Longmenshan fault, across the Bayan Har block and the Sichuan Basin. A nonlinear finite element method was used to simulate the fault behavior and the block deformation of the Eastern Tibetan Plateau. The results show that the low resistivity and low velocity layer acts as a detachment layer, which causes the overlying blocks to move southeastward. The detachment layer also controls the vertical and horizontal deformation of the rigid Bayan Har block and leads to accumulation strain on the edge of the layer where the Longmenshan thrust is located. After a sufficient amount of strain has been accumulated on the Longmenshan fault, a large earthquake occurs, such as the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The strike slip activity of the Longriba fault, which is above the low resistivity and low velocity layer, partitions the lateral displacements of the Bayan Har block and adjusts the direction of motion of the Bayan Har block, from the eastward moving Ahba sub-block in the west to southeastward moving Longmenshan sub-block in the east.     

利用CT扫描对粗砂土中甲烷水合物形成过程中水分迁移特征的分析

多孔介质中甲烷水合物的形成及分解实验研究,对于了解多年冻土中天然气水合物的赋存有重要意义.通过X射线扫描系统对粗砂土中甲烷水合物的形成及分解过程中反应釜内水分的空间变化进行分析,结果表明:粗砂土中甲烷水合物的形成和分解过程中,CT数在反应釜内有明显的空间变化特征,且这个空间变化特征与甲烷水合物在粗砂土中形成、分解过程中水分的迁移是密切相关的.通过对不同阶段CT扫描所获得图像CT值的空间变化特征进行分析,可以看出:在甲烷水合物的生成过程中,反应釜内下半部分的水分会向上半部分迁移,以弥补上半部分水分的不足;在甲烷水合物分解过程中,分解所释放出来的水分会由反应釜上半部分向下半部分回迁,最终达到自然分布.     

Early Mesozoic unroofing pattern of the Dabie Mountains (China): Constraints from the U-Pb detrital zircon geochronology and Si-in-white mica analysis of synorogenic sediments in the Jianghan Basin

This paper presents the results of an integrated U-Pb detrital zircon geochronology and Si-in-white mica analysis for synorogenic sediments in the Jianghan Basin to the south of the Dabie Orogen. The results provide an improved understanding of the provenance of these sediments and the unroofing pattern of the early Mesozoic Dabie Mountain. Si contents of detrital white micas range from 3.09 to 3.34 atoms pfu for the upper Triassic sandstones whereas 3.06 to 3.59 atoms pfu for the lower and middle Jurassic sandstones. The majority of detrital white micas in the lower Jurassic sandstones is phengitic and originated exclusively from the Dabie high- to ultrahigh- pressure rocks. The U-Pb dating results of the detrital zircons for seven samples suggest that these synorogenic sediments have a significant change of provenance from late Triassic to early and middle Jurassic. For the upper Triassic sandstone, the U-Pb age clusters of these zircons are characterized by ~ 420-450 Ma, ~ 750-820 Ma, ~ 1050-1200 Ma and ~ 2500 Ma with minor Luliangian (~ 1700–2000 Ma) components. In contrast, the zircon ages of the Jurassic sandstones are dominated by the Luliangian (~ 1700–2000 Ma) ages with only minor Caledonian (~ 420-450 Ma) and Greenville (~ 1050-1200 Ma) ages. In combination with other available geological data, it can be concluded that the Dabie HP-UHP rocks might initially be exposed to the surface at the beginning of early Jurassic (~ 190 Ma). The Jiangnan terrain (also named “Jiangnan old continental in Chinese) to the south of the Jianghan basin provided the predominant supply of upper Triassic sediments, whereas the Paleoproterozoic Yangtze crustal materials (overlying the present Dabie Complex at the time) were the important provenance of the Jurassic sediments in the Jianghan basin.