BCC-ESM1 Model Datasets for the CMIP6 Aerosol Chemistry Model Intercomparison Project(AerChemMIP)

BCC-ESM1 is the first version of the Beijing Climate Center’s Earth System Model,and is participating in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6).The Aerosol Chemistry Model Intercomparison Project(AerChemMIP)is the only CMIP6-endorsed MIP in which BCC-ESM1 is involved.All AerChemMIP experiments in priority 1 and seven experiments in priorities 2 and 3 have been conducted.The DECK(Diagnostic,Evaluation and Characterization of Klima)and CMIP historical simulations have also been run as the entry card of CMIP6.The AerChemMIP outputs from BCC-ESM1 have been widely used in recent atmospheric chemistry studies.To facilitate the use of the BCC-ESM1 datasets,this study describes the experiment settings and summarizes the model outputs in detail.Preliminary evaluations of BCC-ESM1 are also presented,revealing that:the climate sensitivities of BCC-ESM1 are well within the likely ranges suggested by IPCC AR5;the spatial structures of annual mean surface air temperature and precipitation can be reasonably captured,despite some common precipitation biases as in CMIP5 and CMIP6 models;a spurious cooling bias from the 1960s to 1990s is evident in BCC-ESM1,as in most other ESMs;and the mean states of surface sulfate concentrations can also be reasonably reproduced,as well as their temporal evolution at regional scales.These datasets have been archived on the Earth System Grid Federation(ESGF)node for atmospheric chemistry studies.     

内蒙古北山老硐沟金多金属矿床闪长玢岩年代学、地球化学及其成矿意义

内蒙古北山老硐沟金多金属矿床原生矿化与闪长玢岩脉时空-成因关系密切,部分闪长玢岩形成工业矿体,但其地球化学特征、岩石成因及精确的成岩时代仍不清楚.笔者在详细野外地质调研基础上,选取3个闪长玢岩体进行全岩主量元素、微量元素、锆石U-Pb年龄及Lu-Hf同位素研究.闪长玢岩具斑状结构,斑晶主要为斜长石、角闪石,少量黑云母,...     

省级应急平台体系建设初探

通过现状分析和省级应急指挥平台建立的研究,详细说明了平台建立的必要性、研究目标与任务、研究内容、技术难点、技术路线等方面的内容,探讨了平台建设中要解决的关键技术,并提出了初步的解决方案。     

海南地区东三段水下分流河道砂体的识别与预测

研究区构造高部位三角洲前缘储层发育程度较差,对储层成因及岩性油气藏分布规律研究有待深入.针对储层成因与分布等问题,本文运用层序地层对比与砂体成因分析等手段,发现研究区在北西低、南东高、沟谷相间的古地貌背景下,东三段发育了三角洲前缘水下分流河道砂体.以砂体的成因信息为线索,依据砂体的地球物理响应特征,运用种子点追踪与沿层属性提取等手段预测了三角洲前缘水下分流河道砂体的分布.预测结果表明,古地貌控制了水下分流河道砂体的展布,水下分流河道砂体的上倾尖灭部位是开展岩性油气藏勘探的有利目标.     

基于三频GIF组合的载波相位观测精度分析

鉴于三频GNSS在削弱观测误差方面的优势,基于GNSS三频载波观测独立等精度的假设,在利用滑动多项式拟合实现三频载波无几何无电离层GIF组合观测精度快速估计基础上,研究了一种载波观测精度快速估计算法。GPS和BDS三频数据实验结果表明,该算法可实现三频载波观测精度的快速估计,为快速精密单点定位提供准确的随机函数模型。     

基于虚拟特征点的三维激光点云粗配准算法

在地面三维激光点云特征提取的过程中,由于三维点云数据采集仪器、采集方法及后期处理等因素影响,依靠传统的基于曲率、法线等几何特征及统计学算法提取出的点云特征数量较多且存在较大误差,若使用其直接作为特征点数据进行点云粗配准,很难提高点云粗配准的精度及速度。因此,本文在对点云数据实际空间分布结构分析的基础上,结合特征点提取算法、法向一致化算法、PCA（Principal Component Analysis）方法及特征点聚类等方法,提出了一种三维激光点云数据虚拟特征点拟合算法。该算法生成的虚拟特征点是由点云实际的特征点拟合得到,或是由位于被测物特征线上的特征点拟合生成的特征线计算得到,该虚拟特征点并不是扫描对象上实际存在的激光反射脚点。通过实验验证,虚拟特征点拟合算法可以较准确地拟合出由于设备及操作方法等原因而未被采集到的建筑物边角点数据,得到的虚拟特征点数据较实际特征点数据具有更少的数据量及更高的精度,使用拟合得到的虚拟特征点可以减少粗配准算法的计算量,提高粗配准算法的计算效率并能获得更精确及可靠的初始配准变换参数。     

Gosper曲线支持的正六边形栅格数据游程编码及高效压缩

通过将Gosper曲线引入正六边形栅格,建立了一种新型游程编码形式,基于此进行栅格数据的无损及有损压缩编码。首先,建立Gosper曲线与正六边形栅格数据的双向对应关系,为数据的编码和解码提供引导支持。其次,确定每个栅格单元的Gosper编码值,通过将目标区域单元的编码集合进行游程编码实现数据的无损压缩。然后,在此基础上,有损压缩借助Gosper曲线良好的空间聚合性进行区域临近融合,摒除细节信息:在一定阈值约束下,遵循Gosper曲线走向,改变部分栅格单元的归属以减少编码对象数目,重新进行游程编码完成编码量的精简。最后,进行试验验证,在实现压缩编码的基础上,对多分辨率、不同融合阈值条件下的数据压缩进行探究,并与其他方法进行对比以凸显其优势。     

降雨条件下的导航X波段雷达海浪参数反演算法研究

X波段的电磁波受降雨影响容易产生衰减,这导致导航X波段雷达在降雨时无法用于海浪观测。本文提出了一种新的降低降雨影响的算法来反演海浪参数。首先,对X波段雷达图像做主成分分析,获得波浪变化的主成分,利用一维傅里叶变换得到波数谱,对其滤波减小降雨对雷达图像的影响;然后,选取JONSWAP(Joint North Sea Wave Project)谱作为理论谱,建立以观测谱与理论谱的最小化差异为目标函数的模型,求解该模型估算海浪的有效波高。与浮标测量的有效波高相比,该方法反演的有效波高的均方根误差是0.23 m,证明了该方法的可行性。     

Rating the Degradation of Natural Hay Pastures in Northern China

Natural hay pastures in semi-arid pastoral areas produce the highest yields of hay in northern China. However, long-term continuous hay harvesting with no rest interval has resulted in severe degradation across widespread areas of these natural hay pastures. In addition, no clear data exist on the spatial distribution or degree of degradation occurring in natural hay pastures primarily because a nationally unified and normative evaluation standard is lacking. In view of the above problems, we employed an analytic hierarchy process to carry out screening and accuracy validation of evaluation indicators for natural hay pastures in north China grasslands (temperate meadow steppes, temperate steppes, mountain meadows, and lowland meadows). Our study identified seven easily measured indicators that reflect the state of natural hay pastures (average height, aboveground biomass, coverage, proportion of medium grasses, litter biomass, proportion of degradation-indicative plants, and proportion of bare spots and saline-alkali spots). A five-level scoring method was employed to delineate the threshold range for these indicators, The results of this study show that this method effectively solved the technical bottleneck for graded evaluation of degradation in natural hay pastures. This provides a theoretical basis for the scientific assessment of natural hay pasture degradation as well as important technical support for sustainable use of natural hay pastures and livestock production.     

南方水稻复种指数变化对国家粮食产能的影响及其政策启示

中国南方地区水稻生产的变化对国家粮食安全具有重要影响。本文利用Landsat数据提取1990-2015年南方地区水稻种植制度分布及变化,并分析其对粮食产能的影响。结果表明：① 1990-2015年,水稻复种指数从148.3%下降到129.3%,双季稻改种单季稻（“双改单”）损失的播种面积为253.16万hm²,区域上以长江中下游地区变化最为突出。南方地区水稻种植制度整体呈现由北向南“双退单进”的变化格局;② 1990-2015年,“双改单”导致全国水稻产量减少6.1%,粮食产量减少2.6%。水稻主产区湖南省和江西省以及经济发展较好的浙江省因“双改单”水稻减产幅度较大,均超过13%;③ 充分利用“双改单”稻田的粮食产能相当于新增耕地223.3万hm²,为2001-2015年通过土地整治项目新增耕地总量的54%,是2016-2020年全国新增耕地规划目标的1.7倍,可节省约1674.4亿元新增耕地开垦费用。因此,与其追求低质量的“新”耕地,不如充分利用已有的高质量“旧”耕地,政府应转变耕地占补平衡的考核方式,将因提高复种指数增加的播种面积纳入补充指标。