矿山废石淋溶对水环境的影响

为了研究废石堆砌对水环境的影响,通过对废石做淋溶实验,分析了出入水的水质变化规律,对废石衍生环境效应的过程、机制、影响因素方面进行讨论,揭示了人们容易忽视的酸性水中硫酸根、总硬度、微量金属离子的动力学变化机理,指出矿山废石对水环境的污染不至限于使水质酸化,硫酸根、总硬度也会大幅度提高,废石堆放应充分考虑当地的地理气候及水文条件,合理堆放,减少污染。     

波纹开缝翅片管换热器传热与流动性的数值模拟

提出一种波纹开缝翅片管换热器,对其传热与流动特性进行三维数值模拟,选择Re范围在1 000到5 000时与平板开缝翅片的模拟相比较。结果表明,在Re小于2 752时,平板开缝比波纹开缝的换热效果好,而Re大于2 752时,波纹开缝比平板开缝换热效果更好,并且波纹开缝翅片管换热器的流动阻力小于平板开缝,因此,Re大于2 752时波纹开缝比平板开缝综合效果更好。     

论现代教育技术的实践

论述了现代教育技术的基本内涵,具体分析了以多媒体技术为主的现代教育技术的实施基础和优势特点,指出了应用现代教育技术构建新型教学模式的作用和方法。     

ELECTROCHEMICAL MEASUREMENT OF STEEL CORROSION IN SEABOTTOM SEDIMENT WITH “MD” METHOD

The tbough one year cormsion potential and polarisation resistanoc for 3 kinds of stals in seabottomedment of Liaodong Bay were measured with the “MD” method.The measurements wiIl have some thoretical and pndital talues. The thooretical valoc lies in thatthe reoorded changing process of the practital corrosion case can be basis for indoor discussion andeectrochemical on the corrosion practical value lies in that the obtained datu canbe basis for designing and controlling elatrochemical protation syttems. In fact, it is very difficult tomeasure in situ the cornosion parnders of steeIs in sea sediment.     

Interannual variability of latent and sensible heat fluxes in the South China Sea

The South China Sea (SCS) is significantly influenced by El Niño and the Southern Oscillation (ENSO) through ENSO-driven atmospheric and oceanic changes. We analyzed measurements made from 1960 to 2004 to investigate the interannual variability of the latent and sensible heat fluxes over the SCS. Both the interannual variations of latent and sensible heat fluxes are closely related to ENSO events. The low-pass mean heat flux anomalies vary in a coherent manner with the low-pass mean Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). Time lags between the heat flux anomalies and the SST anomalies were also studied. We found that latent heat flux anomalies have a minimum value around January of the year following El Niño events. During and after the mature phase of El Niño, a change of atmospheric circulation alters the local SCS near-surface humidity and the monsoon winds. During the mature phase of El Niño, the wind speed decreases over the entire sea, and the air-sea specific humidity difference anomalies decreases in the northern SCS and increases in the southern SCS. Thus, a combined effect of wind speed anomalies and air-sea specific humidity difference anomalies results in the latent heat flux anomalies attaining minimum levels around January of the year following an El Niño year.     

澳门附近海域沉积物污染状况及特征分析

掌握澳门附近海域沉积物的污染状况及特征,对于合理安排澳门海洋海岸工程疏浚泥的海洋倾倒,防止造成海洋污染有十分重要的意义。根据1997—1999年连续三年对澳门附近主要区域的海洋沉积物采样测定结果,通过分析认为澳门附近海域沉积物污染具有下列特征:1)沉积物中重金属和油类含量普遍较高,除了总Hg外均高于珠江口海区的其他港口;2)沉积物中污染物的分布受人类活动的影响明显,澳门内港受船只排污、码头作业、陆地工业和生活污水排放的影响,是澳门附近海域沉积物污染最为严重区域;3)受水质交换的影响明显,澳门外港、路环岛东北等区域受珠江径流影响水质交换较快,沉积物中污染物的含量较低,而内港由于水质交换较差,沉积物中污染物的含量相对较高;4)与沉积物的成分组成(吸附)有关,大部分污染物与沉积物中粉砂有较好的相关性,表明粉砂对污染物质有较广泛性的吸附能力,尤其是Cu、Zn、Cd、油类、有机质。     

Assessing effects of “source-sink” landscape on non-point source pollution based on cell units of a small agricultural catchment

Ascertaining the relationship between "source-sink" landscape and non-point source(NPS) pollution is crucial for reducing NPS pollution, however, it is not easy to realize this target on cell unit scale. To reveal the relationships between "sourcesink" landscape and NPS pollution based on cell units of a small catchment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region(TGRR), the runoff and nutrient yields were simulated first by rainfall events on a cell unit scale based on the Annualized AGricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Model(AnnAGNPS). Landscape structure and pattern were quantified with "sourcesink" landscape indicators based on cell units including landscape area indices and locationweighted landscape indices. The results showed that:the study case of small Wangjiagou catchment highlighted a good prediction capability of runoff and nutrient export by the AnnAGNPS model. Throughout the catchment, the spatial distribution trends of four location-weighted landscape indices were similar to the trends of simulated total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP), which highlighted the importance of spatial arrangement of "source" and "sink" landscape types in a catchment when estimating pollutant loads. Results by Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the location-weighted landscape index provided a more comprehensive account of multiple factors, and can better reflect NPS-related nutrient loss than other landscape indices applied in single-factor analysis. This study provides new findings for applying the "source-sink" landscape indices based on cell units in small catchments to explain the effect of "source-sink" landscape on nutrient export based on cell unit, and helps improve the understanding of the correlation between "source-sink" landscape and NPS pollution.     

基于自发地理信息的人行道路信息提取

人类的行为轨迹可快速提取到车辆难以通行的人行道路以及人行道路设施等信息,这些信息是行人LBS的关键性元素,它的完备性程度决定了行人LBS服务质量的高低。本文使用志愿者数据集与百度地图,研究了一整套基于VGI数据的人行道路信息提取方法。通过轨迹数据清洗、道路几何路网提取、人行道路设施的检测与识别3个主要板块实现了人行道路信息的提取。算法在完成道路几何路网信息提取的同时,实现了人行横道、过街天桥、地下通道等道路设施信息的获取。     

盐度对珠母贝幼虫和稚贝存活和生长的影响

为了解珠母贝早期发育阶段最适存活和生长条件,于2013年5—6月在珍珠贝养殖场进行不同海水盐度对珠母贝直线铰合期幼虫、壳顶期幼虫和稚贝生长及存活的影响实验。结果表明：珠母贝直线铰合期幼虫存活适宜盐度为2285—3886,最适盐度为2719—3502,壳长增长的适宜盐度为2043—4123,最适盐度为3110;壳顶期幼虫存活适宜盐度为2310-3914,最适盐度为2719—3502,壳长增长的适宜盐度为2029—4009,最适盐度为3110·3502;稚贝存活适宜盐度为2064—3910,最适盐度为2719—3502,壳长增长的适宜盐度为1938—4130,最适盐度为2719—3110。     

中国沿海污损性双壳类特点分析

分析中国沿海污损性双壳类的种类组成、分布范围、污损特点及状况,指出其以紫贻贝(Mytilus edulis)、翡翠贻贝(Perna viridis)、长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas gigas)、福建牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas angulata)、熊本牡蛎(Crassostrea sikamea)、棘刺牡蛎(Saccostrea echinata)、缘齿牡蛎(Dendostrea crenulifera)、近江牡蛎(Crassostrea ariakensis)等为优势种,污损特点与地理位置、离岸距离、浸海时间和当地环境因子密切相关,将来工作应着重于分类鉴定、生态调查、防除治理和外来种入侵等方面。