基于直方变差图的土地覆盖数据集多尺度精度评价

针对目前精度评价尺度单一的问题,提出基于直方变差图的多尺度精度评价方法,分别在像元尺度和亚像元尺度进行土地覆盖数据集精度评价。在像元尺度利用驻点作为采样工具直接评价数据集精度;亚像元尺度上,则利用非严格定义的驻点和驻点直方变差图对不同面积和空间结构的优势类进行精度评价。并以浙江北部典型区域为实验区,Landsat TM/ETM+为参考数据,对UMD、IGBP DISCover、MOD12Q1-2001、GLC2000、GlobCover2009等5种大尺度土地覆盖数据集进行多尺度精度评价实验。结果表明,多尺度精度评价方法能够全面地评价土地覆盖数据集的精度,提供更加丰富的多尺度精度信息。像元尺度精度评价可在一定程度上消除由于参考数据与数据集间的空间匹配造成的误差,评价结果更加客观;亚像元尺度精度评价能有效反映亚像元尺度优势地物面积及空间结构与精度的关系。     

EM算法在卫星轨道计算中的应用

利用精密星历文件计算卫星轨道坐标,现今较常用的方法是拉格朗日插值法和切比雪夫拟合法.在实际应用中,8阶拉格朗日内插或者12阶切比雪夫拟合即可达到厘米级精度.然而,IGS精密星历文件经常会受到卫星信号限制等原因导致部分数据失真或缺失.在数据缺失或数据量较少的情况下,无法采用高阶的插值法或拟合法.只能降阶对其插值或拟合,从而导致计算精度降低.采用EM算法,添加与卫星轨道信息相关的“潜在数据”,可以有效解决这一问题,大大提高卫星拟合的精度.     

长江三角洲地区人体舒适度时空变化特征北大核心CSCD

基于1981~2020年ERA5逐小时再分析资料,采用通用热气候指数(Universal Thermal Climate Index,UTCI)计算方法,分析了气候变化背景下长江三角洲地区人体生理热响时空变化特征。研究表明:近40年长江三角洲地区人体无冷热胁迫气候条件的出现频率约为43.77%、热胁迫和冷胁迫出现频率分别约为22.42%和33.81%,其中,显著热胁迫和显著冷胁迫出现频率分别约为8.38%和1.58%;在空间分布上,长江三角洲地区无冷热胁迫气候条件的出现频率总体表现为南多北少地带性分布,兼有山区多平原少、沿海多内陆少分布特征,显著热胁迫主要出现在皖西和皖南的平原以及浙江的嘉绍平原和金衢盆地,显著冷胁迫主要出现在苏北、皖北和舟山以北的沿海岸区;在全球气候变暖背景下,长江三角洲地区UTCI值的年代际变化呈上升趋势,由1981~1990年13.83℃增加至2011~2020年14.75℃,人体生理热响应表征为冷胁迫减少、热胁迫增加、无冷热胁迫基本不变,春季无冷热胁迫时长的增加基本抵消了夏季无冷热胁迫时长的减少。     

The Synergism between Methanogens and Methanotrophs and the Nature of their Contributions to the Seasonal Variation of Methane Fluxes in a Wetland: The Case of Dajiuhu Subalpine Peatland

Wetland ecosystems are the most important natural methane (CH₄) sources, whose fluxes periodically fluctuate. Methanogens (methane producers) and methanotrophs (methane consumers) are considered key factors affecting CH₄ fluxes in wetlands. However, the symbiotic relationship between methanogens and methanotrophs remains unclear. To help close this research gap, we collected and analyzed samples from four soil depths in the Dajiuhu subalpine peatland in January, April, July, and October 2019 and acquired seasonal methane flux data from an eddy covariance (EC) system, and investigated relationships. A phylogenetic molecular ecological networks (pMENs) analysis was used to identify keystone species and the seasonal variations of the co-occurrence patterns of methanogenic and methanotrophic communities. The results indicate that the seasonal variations of the interactions between methanogenic and methanotrophic communities contributed to CH₄ emissions in wetlands. The keystone species discerned by the network analysis also showed their importance in mediating CH₄ fluxes. Methane (CH₄) emissions in wetlands were lowest in spring; during this period, the most complex interactions between microbes were observed, with intense competition among methanogens while methanotrophs demonstrated better cooperation. Reverse patterns manifested themselves in summer when the highest CH₄ flux was observed. Methanoregula formicica was negatively correlated with CH₄ fluxes and occupied the largest ecological niches in the spring network. In contrast, both Methanocella arvoryzae and Methylocystaceae demonstrated positive correlations with CH₄ fluxes and were better adapted to the microbial community in the summer. In addition, soil temperature and nitrogen were regarded as significant environmental factors to CH₄ fluxes. This study was successful in explaining the seasonal patterns and microbial driving mechanisms of CH₄ emissions in wetlands.     

IPCC AR6解读：全球和区域海平面变化的监测和预估

IPCC第六次评估报告第一工作组报告第九章综合评估了与海平面相关的最新监测和数值模拟结果,指出目前（2006—2018年）的海平面上升速率处于加速状态（3.7 mm/a),并会在未来持续上升,且呈现不可逆的趋势。其中低排放情景（SSP1-1.9）和高排放情景（SSP5-8.5）下,到2050年,预估全球平均海平面（GMSL）分别上升0.15~0.23 m和0.20~0.30 m;到2100年,预估GMSL分别上升0.28~0.55 m和0.63~1.02 m。南极冰盖不稳定性是影响未来海平面上升预估的最大不确定性来源之一。区域海平面变化是影响沿海极端静水位的重要因素。     

Seasonal Variations of CH_4 Emissions in the Yangtze River Delta Region of China Are Driven by Agricultural Activities

Developed regions of the world represent a major atmospheric methane(CH_4) source, but these regional emissions remain poorly constrained. The Yangtze River Delta(YRD) region of China is densely populated(about 16% of China's total population) and consists of large anthropogenic and natural CH_4 sources. Here, atmospheric CH_4 concentrations measured at a 70-m tall tower in the YRD are combined with a scale factor Bayesian inverse(SFBI) modeling approach to constrain seasonal variations in CH_4 emissions. Results indicate that in 2018 agricultural soils(AGS, rice production) were the main driver of seasonal variability in atmospheric CH_4 concentration. There was an underestimation of emissions from AGS in the a priori inventories(EDGAR—Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research v432 or v50), especially during the growing seasons. Posteriori CH_4 emissions from AGS accounted for 39%(4.58 Tg, EDGAR v432) to 47%(5.21 Tg, EDGAR v50) of the total CH_4 emissions. The posteriori natural emissions(including wetlands and water bodies) were1.21 Tg and 1.06 Tg, accounting for 10.1%(EDGAR v432) and 9.5%(EDGAR v50) of total emissions in the YRD in2018. Results show that the dominant factor for seasonal variations in atmospheric concentration in the YRD was AGS,followed by natural sources. In summer, AGS contributed 42%(EDGAR v432) to 64%(EDGAR v50) of the CH_4 concentration enhancement while natural sources only contributed about 10%(EDGAR v50) to 15%(EDGAR v432). In addition, the newer version of the EDGAR product(EDGAR v50) provided more reasonable seasonal distribution of CH_4 emissions from rice cultivation than the old version(EDGAR v432).     

A Positivity-preserving Conservative Semi-Lagrangian Multi-moment Global Transport Model on the Cubed Sphere

A positivity-preserving conservative semi-Lagrangian transport model by multi-moment finite volume method has been developed on the cubed-sphere grid. Two kinds of moments(i.e., point values(PV moment) at cell interfaces and volume integrated average(VIA moment) value) are defined within a single cell. The PV moment is updated by a conventional semi-Lagrangian method, while the VIA moment is cast by the flux form formulation to assure the exact numerical conservation. Different from the spatial approximation used in the CSL2(conservative semi-Lagrangian scheme with second order polynomial function) scheme, a monotonic rational function which can effectively remove non-physical oscillations is reconstructed within a single cell by the PV moments and VIA moment. To achieve exactly positive-definite preserving, two kinds of corrections are made on the original conservative semi-Lagrangian with rational function(CSLR)scheme. The resulting scheme is inherently conservative, non-negative, and allows a Courant number larger than one.Moreover, the spatial reconstruction can be performed within a single cell, which is very efficient and economical for practical implementation. In addition, a dimension-splitting approach coupled with multi-moment finite volume scheme is adopted on cubed-sphere geometry, which benefitsthe implementation of the 1 D CSLR solver with large Courant number.The proposed model is evaluated by several widely used benchmark tests on cubed-sphere geometry. Numerical results show that the proposed transport model can effectively remove nonphysical oscillations and preserve the numerical nonnegativity, and it has the potential to transport the tracers accurately in a real atmospheric model.     

分形滤波技术在新疆黄山-镜儿泉镍铜成矿带中的应用

为了深化新疆黄山-镜儿泉镍铜成矿带的成矿地质认识, 进一步确定找矿勘查方向, 采用多重分形滤波技术, 对该地区水系沉积物或岩屑地球化学测量数据中的Ni元素进行分析, 结果显示研究区西北部吐哈盆地具有高背景、弱异常且异常分散的特点; 中部康古尔大断裂带以及研究区东南部具有低背景、强异常、且异常呈带状分布的特点; 这可能是由于, 石炭世晚期至二叠纪早期的地幔柱事件在研究区中部和东南部沿深大断裂有大量玄武岩喷溢, 到新生代被剥蚀运移到西北部地形较低的吐哈盆地, 而在原地只残留其根部造成的。中部和东南部带状分布的Ni异常是可能的找矿有利地段。