施氏鲟Asnanos1基因序列分析及其在雌雄不同组织中表达

本研究首先从施氏鲟(Acipenser schrenckii)性腺转录组中获得nanos1(Asnanos1)基因全长c DNA,并对其序列的准确性和特征分别进行PCR验证和生物信息学分析。进一步利用荧光定量RT-PCR技术检测Asnanos1基因在雌、雄施氏鲟的性腺、心脏、鳃、脑、肾、肝脏、脾脏等组织中的表达量。利用荧光定量RT-PCR技术检测Asnanos1基因在雌、雄施氏鲟的性腺、心脏、鳃、脑、肾、肝脏、脾脏等组织中的表达量。结果显示:Asnanos1的c DNA全长为1 389 bp,其中,5′非编码区(UTR)为414 bp,3′UTR为279 bp,ORF为696 bp。该基因共编码231个氨基酸。Asnanos1基因在施氏鲟除心脏以外的各组织中均有表达,在雌、雄鱼的鳃、脑、肾、肝脏、脾脏等组织中表达量无显著差异,但在卵巢中的表达量显著高于其他各组织(P0.05)。所得到的结果可为人工培育全雌施氏鲟苗种提供一些基础资料。     

Homotopy Method for Inverse Design of the Bulbous Bow of A Container Ship

The homotopy method is utilized in the present inverse hull design problem to minimize the wave-making coefficient of a 1300 TEU container ship with a bulbous bow. Moreover, in order to improve the computational efficiency of the algorithm, a properly smooth function is employed to update the homotopy parameter during iteration. Numerical results show that the homotopy method has been successfully applied in the inverse design of the ship hull. This method has an advantage of high performance on convergence and it is credible and valuable for engineering practice.     

FPSO软刚臂单点系泊系统定量风险分析

针对FPSO软刚臂单点系泊系统出现过的系泊腿失效及背向工况风险事件,以渤海某16万吨级FPSO为例,采用数值模拟的方法,计算FPSO及单点系统在百年一遇海况下的载荷效应,通过统计学方法拟合效应的概率分布,完成定量风险分析。对于系泊腿旋转失效后的风险,使用故障假设(what-if)方法,依据失效后果判断其风险权重。计算结果表明,系泊腿结构在正常情况下受拉失效的概率很小;系泊腿纵摆失效后导致的结果比横摆失效更为严重,风险权重更大。背向工况下,船艏与YOKE的间距要明显小于顺向工况,在设计时增大二者间距可有效减小碰撞风险。     

广海湾康氏小公鱼的产卵期及其鱼卵数量变动

根据2013~2015年在台山市广海湾海域(21°52'~21°56'N,112°46'~112°53'E)进行逐月调查的资料,分析了该水域康氏小公鱼(Stolephorus commersonii)鱼卵在一年中出现的时间、数量变动特征以及期间的海水温盐特征,并讨论了康氏小公鱼产卵期与水温变化的关系.结果表明,广海湾康氏小公鱼的产卵期开始于每年3月左右,结束时间在各年份不同,一般在9~11月之间.康氏小公鱼鱼卵在一年中分多个批次出现,一般可出现2~4个批次,其中第一批次为产卵盛期,数量高峰大约出现在4月前后.鱼卵出现期间平均水温的范围为19.8~31.3℃,平均盐度范围为7.66~33.65,从出现频次上看,其所在环境以高温低盐为主.康氏小公鱼产卵所需的最低温度在20℃左右,在产卵期开始前,海水温度何时升至此温度,决定了一年中康氏小公鱼鱼卵最早出现的时间.对比不同纬度的海域,康氏小公鱼产卵期的开始时间随纬度的升高而向后推迟.     

Spatio-temporal variability in sea surface temperatures for the Yellow Sea based on MODIS dataset

The spatio-temporal variabilities in sea surface temperature (SST) were analyzed using a time series of MODIS datasets for four separate regions in the Yellow Sea (YS) that were located along a north-south axis. The space variant temporal anomaly was further decomposed using an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) for estimating spatially distributed SST. The monthly SSTs showed similar temporal patterns in each region, which ranged from 2.4°C to 28.4°C in the study years 2011 to 2013, with seasonal cycles being stronger at the higher latitudes and weaker at the lower latitudes. Spatially, although there were no significant differences among the four regions (p < 0.05) in any year, the geographical distribution of SST was characterized by an obvious gradient whereby SST decreased along the north-south axis. The monthly thermal difference among regions was largest in winter since the SST in the southeast was mainly affected by the Yellow Sea Warm Currents. The EOF1 mode accounted for 56% of the total spatial variance and exhibited a warming signal during the study period. The EOF2 mode accounted for 8% of the total variance and indicated the warm current features in the YS. The EOF3 mode accounted for 6% of the total variance and indicated the topographical features. The methodology used in this study demonstrated the spatio-temporal variabilities in the YS.     

Remote sensing retrieval of surface suspended sediment concentration in the Yellow River Estuary

Accurate assessment of surface suspended sediment concentration(SSSC) in estuary is essential to address several important issues: erosion, water pollution, human health risks, etc. In this study, an empirical cubic retrieval model was developed for the retrieval of SSSC from Yellow River Estuary. Based on sediments and seawater collected from the Yellow River and southeastern Laizhou Bay, SSSC conditions were reproduced in the laboratory at increasing concentrations within a range common to field observations. Continuous spectrum measurements of the various SSSCs ranging from 1 to 5700 mg/l were carried out using an Ava Field-3 spectrometer. The results indicated the good correlation between water SSSC and spectral reflectance(Rrs) was obtained in the spectral range of 726–900 nm. At SSSC greater than 2700 mg/L, the 740–900 nm spectral range was less susceptible to the effects of spectral reflectance saturation and more suitable for retrieval of high sediment concentrations. The best correlations were obtained for the reflectance ratio of 820 nm to 490 nm. Informed by the correlation between Rrs and SSSC, a retrieval model was developed(R2 = 0.992). The novel cubic model, which used the ratio of a near-infrared(NIR) band(740–900 nm) to a visible band(400–600 nm) as factors, provided robust quantification of high SSSC water samples. Two high SSSC centers, with an order of 103 mg/l, were found in the inversion results around the abandoned Diaokou River mouth, the present Yellow River mouth to the abandoned Qingshuigou River mouth. There was little sediment exchange between the two high SSSC centers due to the directions of the residual currents and vertical mixing.     

Overview of Ecological Restoration Technologies and Evaluation Systems

Ecological degradation is a global problem, and ecological restoration technologies have played and will continue to play an important role in its mitigation. However, the lack of systematic research and evaluations of ecological technologies has thus far affected their effective application in vulnerable ecological regions. This study therefore provides an overview of the main technologies for remediating soil and water erosion, desertification, and rock desertification in China and throughout the world. It addresses key issues and recommends approaches for evaluating ecological restoration technologies. Restoration technology emerged as early as 1800. Over the years such technology has changed from single objective applications to multi-purpose, multi-objective applications employing strategies that take into account ecosystem rehabilitation and integrated ecological and socioeconomic development. Along with this technological evolution, different countries have taken pertinent actions as part of their restoration initiatives. However, key issues remain, including the lack of location-specific restoration technologies and a methodological strategy to assess and prioritize existing technologies. This study proposes a four-level analytical hierarchical framework in conjunction with an indicator system that highlights the establishment and adaptation of associative indicators, while also recommending a three-phase evaluation method (TheMert), targeting TheMert to qualitative (quick and extensive) and quantitative (detailed) evaluations in order to select the most appropriate restoration technologies available. This study can also be used as a basis for understanding the evaluation and prioritization of restoration technologies, while increasing the awareness of decision makers and the public on the role of technology in restoring degraded ecosystems.     

Evaluation of diffuse and preferential flow pathways of infiltrated precipitation and irrigation using oxygen and hydrogen isotopes

Subsurface-water flow pathways in three different land-use areas (non-irrigated grassland, poplar forest, and irrigated arable land) in the central North China Plain were investigated using oxygen (¹⁸O) and hydrogen (²H) isotopes in samples of precipitation, soils, and groundwater. Soil water in the top 10 cm was significantly affected by both evaporation and infiltration. Water at 10–40 cm depth in the grassland and arable land, and 10–60 cm in poplar forest, showed a relatively short residence time, as a substantial proportion of antecedent soil water was mixed with a 92-mm storm infiltration event, whereas below those depths (down to 150 cm), depleted δ¹⁸O spikes suggested that some storm water bypassed the shallow soil layers. Significant differences, in soil-water content and δ¹⁸O values, within a small area, suggested that the proportion of immobile soil water and water flowing in subsurface pathways varies depending on local vegetation cover, soil characteristics and irrigation applications. Soil-water δ¹⁸O values revealed that preferential flow and diffuse flow coexist. Preferential flow was active within the root zone, independent of antecedent soil-water content, in both poplar forest and arable land, whereas diffuse flow was observed in grassland. The depleted δ¹⁸O spikes at 20–50 cm depth in the arable land suggested the infiltration of irrigation water during the dry season. Temporal isotopic variations in precipitation were subdued in the shallow groundwater, suggesting more complete mixing of different input waters in the unsaturated zone before reaching the shallow groundwater.

     

粤东横田花岗斑岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄、岩石地球化学和锆石Lu-Hf同位素组成及其地质意义

横田花岗斑岩位于粤东田东钨锡多金属矿床的中部。以横田花岗斑岩为研究对象,开展了SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年、岩石地球化学、锆石Lu-Hf同位素组成特征研究。花岗斑岩多呈岩株产出,灰白色,斑状结构,块状构造,主要由斑晶(10%)和基质(90%)组成,斑晶由斜长石、钾长石、石英、黑云母组成,杂乱分布,粒度为0.6~6mm,基质由长石、石英、黑云母组成,长石粒度为0.02~0.25mm。获得花岗斑岩锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值为142±1Ma,说明岩体形成于早白垩世。主量、微量元素特征显示,花岗斑岩属于高钾钙碱性强过铝质,富集Rb、U、Nd、Hf等元素,亏损Ba、Nb、Sr、P、Ti等,与高分异的S型花岗岩相似。花岗斑岩的锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值均小于0,在t-ε_(Hf)(t)和t-(~(176)Hf/~(177)Hf)_i图上,所有样品点均落在球粒陨石演化线之下和华南中元古代基底演化线之上,二阶段模式年龄变化范围为1.28~1.47Ga,表明成岩物质主要来源于中元古代古老地壳变质泥岩部分熔融。