大别山及苏鲁地区微粒金刚石分类及其大地构造意义

1992年发现大别山首例微粒金刚石之后，又于2003年和2004年在大别山和苏鲁地区的榴辉岩薄片中和榴辉岩的人工重砂中发现了微粒金刚石。本文报道其中尚未发表的7颗，并对2颗较大的薄片中的微粒金刚石和2颗自由晶体金刚石进行拉曼光谱和红外光谱测试。研究结果表明，本区所有微粒金刚石都为IaA和IaB型金刚石的混合体。缺少Ib型金刚石，表明没有人造金刚石的混入。薄片中的金刚石大部分为石榴子石的包裹体，少数产出于颗粒之间，直径为30-180μm。自由颗粒微粒金刚石直径为400-700μm。在大别山北部，不但又一次找到了微粒金刚石，还在石榴子石中发现有单斜辉石、磷灰石和金红石的出溶。这表明北大剐不但是超高压地质体，而且可能是本区俯冲最深的地质体。     

川西北松潘-甘孜地块大石包组玄武岩成因及其形成构造背景

川西北松潘-甘孜地块内二叠世大石包组玄武岩富集大离子亲石元素和高场强元素，具有与洋岛玄武岩相似的地球化学性质，形成于大陆板内环境。通过与典型峨眉山玄武岩之地球化学组成的对比研究，认为大石包玄武岩与峨眉山玄武岩中的高钛类玄武岩性质相同，两者具有一个共同的成因，即都是峨眉山地幔柱活动的产物。由此推测峨眉山玄武岩不仅分布在扬子地块内部，向西还有一定的延伸，同时暗示了峨眉山地幔柱头部可能具有比现在所认识的更大的规模。     

火山射气岩浆喷发作用研究进展

射气岩浆喷发是一种特殊类型的火山活动，水在这类火山活动中起到至关重要的作用，且其喷发产物——低平火山口和基浪堆积物在我国乃至全世界都有广泛的分布。国际上对射气岩浆喷发的研究始于1921年，迄今为止已有80余年的历史。国内外许多学者运用火山地质学、岩石学、沉积学、物理火山学及数值模拟等多学科研究手段，对射气岩浆喷发作用及其产物进行详细的野外观测描述，并探讨其成因机制。本文在前人研究基础上，以我国南方北部湾周边第四纪火山区大量存在的射气岩浆喷发成因的低平火山口和基浪堆积物为研究对象，深入讨论了基浪堆积物的地质特征、射气岩浆喷发形成的基本条件、喷发过程的动力学机制以及基浪流的搬运过程等几方面重要问题，并对已有的研究成果进行了概括和总结，提出有待解决的难点，揭示了这类火山活动特有的属性。     

水文信息处理系统研究

水文信息处理系统是在Windows环境下、用Visual Basic 6．0高级语言研制开发的智能水文资料整编软件，引用数据库存储信息，调用Excel输出整编成果。该软件实现了水位、流量、泥沙等要素关系线的自动生成和人工辅助定线，并完成全部整编计算工作，结束了我国水文资料电算整编工作中依靠手工定线整编的历史，解决了计算机定线、推流和成果输出一次完成的技术难题，真正实现了水文资料整编计算机化。     

电子地图的数据结构与模型

电子地图是集地图表达、数据处理、地图分析为一体的新型地图产品，其数据组织形式直接关系到电子地图的质量与性能。本文对几种数据结构和模型进行了分析、比较，并探讨了它们在电子地图领域的应用前景。     

基于小波统计特性的遥感图像像素与特征联合最优融合方法

遥感影像的IHS融合方法由于匹配误差导致光谱畸变和退化,而小波变换在变换域具有良好的分频特性,小波系数的统计特性反映了遥感影像的边缘、线和区域等显著特征。提出了基于小波统计特性的遥感影像的像素和特征联合最优融合方法,在IHS空间,对强度分量I的高频部分利用多分辨率小波融合方法进行影像的高频细节特征融合,低频部分选取光谱信息和空间分辨率评价指标作为融合权系数求优指标,进行像素级最优融合,实验结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

佳木斯市40年太阳辐射变化规律及分析

利用经验公式，把佳木斯市40a的太阳辐射资料补充完整，在此基础上，用方差分析的方法找出太阳辐射的变化规律，并加以分析。     

土壤热异常影响地表能量平衡的个例分析和数值模拟

The statistical relationship between soil thermal anomaly and short-term climate change is presented based on a typical case study. Furthermore, possible physical mechanisms behind the relationship are revealed through using an off-line land surface model with a reasonable soil thermal forcing at the bottom of the soil layer.In the first experiment, the given heat flux is 5 W m-2 at the bottom of the soil layer (in depth of 6.3 m)for 3 months, while only a positive ground temperature anomaly of 0.06℃ can be found compared to the control run. The anomaly, however, could reach 0.65℃ if the soil thermal conductivity was one order of magnitude larger. It could be even as large as 0.81℃ assuming the heat flux at bottom is 10 W m-2. Meanwhile, an increase of about 10 W m-2 was detected both for heat flux in soil and sensible heat on land surface, which is not neglectable to the short-term climate change. The results show that considerable response in land surface energy budget could be expected when the soil thermal forcing reaches a certain spatial-tem poral scale. Therefore, land surface models should not ignore the upward heat flux from the bottom of the soil layer. Moreover, integration for a longer period of time and coupled land-atmosphere model are also necessary for the better understanding of this issue.     

近百年中国东部夏季降水的时空变率

利用中国东部25°N以北28个站1880-1999年夏季季降水序列,用旋转复经验正交函数（RCEOF）方法,研究了中国东部地区百年干湿的时空演变规律。结果表明,夏季降水空间变率大值区依次为:长江中下游地区、淮河流域、江南、华北、西南及东北。除西南外的5个关键区大体上反映了从6月到8月夏季雨带自南向北椎进所滞留的地区。旋转空间位相分布揭示了长江中下游地区、江南、东北的旱涝异常主要表现为驻波振动特征;而淮河流域、华北、西南地区显示出降水异常信号具有部分的行波特征。尤其第4空间模显示出旱涝异常信号从东北南部可沿着黄淮下游传到长江下游地区。对于近百年中国东部地区夏季于湿变化,长江中下游地区、淮河流域、华北及东北四个地区都存在20-25年时间尺度的周期振荡;长江中下游地区及华北地区都存在准60年时间尺度的振荡周期;东北地区主要表现出36年时间尺度的振荡周期;淮河流域存在明显的70-80年时间尺度的振荡周期;华北地区存在的11年时间尺度的振荡周期恰好与太阳黑子活动的11年周期相一致。在年代际时间尺度（包括次年代际时间尺度）上,长江中下游、淮河流域及华北地区的夏季降水的变化与太阳活动有显著的正相关。     

Distribution of seasonal rainfall in the East Asian monsoon region

Summary ?This study deals with the climatological aspect of seasonal rainfall distribution in the East Asian monsoon region, which includes China, Korea and Japan. Rainfall patterns in these three countries have been investigated, but little attention has been paid to the linkages between them. This paper has contributed to the understanding of the inter-linkage of various sub-regions. Three datasets are used. One consists of several hundred gauges from China and South Korea. The second is based on the Climate Prediction Center (CPC) Merged Analysis of Precipitation (CMAP). The two sources of precipitation information are found to be consistent. The third dataset is the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis 850-hPa winds. The CMAP precipitation shows that the seasonal transition over East Asia from the boreal winter to the boreal summer monsoon component occurs abruptly in mid-May. From late March to early May, the spring rainy season usually appears over South China and the East China Sea, but it is not so pronounced in Japan. The summer monsoon rainy season over East Asia commonly begins from mid-May to late May along longitudes of eastern China, the Korean Peninsula, and Japan. A strong quasi-20-day sub-seasonal oscillation in the precipitation appears to be dominant during this rainy season. The end date of the summer monsoon rainy season in eastern China and Japan occurs in late July, while the end date in the Korean Peninsula is around early August. The autumn rainy season in the Korean Peninsula has a major range from mid-August to mid-September. In southern China, the autumn rainy season prevails from late August to mid-October but a short autumn rainy season from late August to early September is noted in the lower part of the Yangtze River. In Japan, the autumn rainy season is relatively longer from mid-September to late October. The sub-seasonal rainfall oscillation in Korea, eastern China and Japan are explained by, and comparable to, the 850-hPa circulation. The strong westerly frontal zone can control the location of the Meiyu, the Changma, and the Baiu in East Asia. The reason that the seasonal sea surface temperature change in the northwestern Pacific plays a critical role in the northward advance of the onset of the summer monsoon rainfall over East Asia is also discussed. Received October 5, 2001; revised April 23, 2002; accepted May 11, 2002