MC-ICP-MS锂同位素溶液分析技术与应用

Li同位素是一种新兴的非传统稳定同位素示踪工具,在地质学、地球化学研究中具有广阔的应用前景。目前,Li同位素溶液分析技术主要采用热电离质谱仪（TIMS）和多接收电感耦合等离子质谱仪（MC-ICP-MS）,与TIMS相比,MC-ICP-MS具有分析精度高、样品量少、测试速度快等诸多优点。本研究团队近年来建立了MC-ICP-MS高精度Li同位素分析方法,在天然样品、标准物质以及石英包裹体的Li同位素测定中都取得了良好结果。以此为依托,研究团队建立了适用于西藏本地岩石成因研究的Li同位素地质端元,并将Li同位素应用于青藏高原岩石圈结构及其隆升历史、川西碳酸岩型稀土矿床富集机制、四川呷村VMS型矿床成矿流体来源和四川甲基卡硬岩型Li矿床富集机理等方面。本文比较详细地综述了这些研究进展,旨在加深对Li同位素溶液分析技术的理解,展示其在地球化学研究中的良好应用前景。     

Geochemistry and Tectonic History of Seamount Remnants in the Xingshuwa Subduction Accretionary Complex of the Xar Moron Area,Eastern Margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt

This study focuses on the geology, geochemistry, zircon U-Pb geochronology and tectonic settings of the three types of seamount basalts from the Xingshuwa subduction accretionary complex in the Xar Moron area, eastern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB). The seamount remnants are composed of carbonate 'cap' sediments, large volumes of pillow and massive basalts, carbonate breccia slope facies and radiolarian cherts. Group 1 basalts are characterized by high contents of P2 O5 and TiO2 with alkaline affinity and LREE enrichment, indicating that they are derived from intraplate magma. Group 2 basalts display N-MORB LREE depletion patterns, indicating that they were formed at a mid-ocean ridge. Group 3 basalts have shown distinct Nb depletion and high Th/Yb ratios, indicating that they were generated in an island arc tectonic setting. The zircon U-Pb age of Group 1 basalt sample XWT18-131 is 576.4 ± 9.4 Ma, suggesting that the oceanic island seamount was the product of intraplate magmatism related to a mantle plume or 'hot spot' in the late Neoproterozoic. The zircon U-Pb age of Group 2 basalt sample XWT18-132 is 483 ± 22 Ma, indicating that the Paleo-Asian Ocean(PAO) was continuously expanding in the Early Ordovician. The zircon U-Pb age of Group 3 basalt sample XWT18-101 is 240.5 ± 8.2 Ma, suggesting that this area underwent the evolutionary path of ocean-continent transition, developing towards continentalization during the Middle Triassic. Thus, we believe that there was both mantle plume-related intraplate magmatism and intraoceanic subduction during the evolution of the PAO, the CAOB possibly being an evolutionary model of an intraoceanic subduction and mantle plume magmatism complex.     

基于投入产出理论的水资源研究进展及水资源管理展望

近年来,气候变化背景下的水资源问题得到日益增加的关注,其研究从水资源短缺、供需平衡等内容转向适应可持续发展的综合研究.基于投入产出理论的水资源研究,从系统循环的角度分析资源的流动性和持续性,能够揭示水资源-经济社会复合系统中各要素的内在数量关系,提出面向可持续发展的水资源价值观和方法论.首先,从模型拓展和实际应用两条主...     

黄土丘陵沟壑区坡面尺度撂荒草地入渗特征影响因素试验研究

为研究黄土丘陵沟壑区多种因素对撂荒草地入渗特征的影响,采用野外自然降雨观测法,研究不同降雨特征（降雨量、平均雨强、降雨历时和最大30 min雨强（I₃₀））、土壤前期含水量、坡长（10 m、20 m、30 m、40 m和50 m）和植被盖度条件下土壤入渗特征差异,通过灰色关联度法判断影响撂荒草地入渗特征的主导因子。结果表明：①入渗量随降雨量、降雨历时和I₃₀增加而增大（R²>0.55,P<0.01）;入渗补给系数随降雨量、I₃₀和平均雨强增大而减小（R²>0.12,P<0.05）;平均入渗率随降雨强度、I₃₀增加而递增（R²>0.53,P<0.01）。②入渗量和平均入渗率随前期含水量增加而减少,入渗补给系数随之增加而增大（R²>0.13,P<0.05）。③入渗量、入渗补给系数和平均入渗率总体随坡长增加而增大（R²>0.56,P<0.01）,但在坡长30 m和40 m之间存在临界坡长。④在入渗效率较高的情况下,植被对土壤入渗的影响并不显著,降雨特征和坡长成为主导因子。     

安徽宁国石口金矿找矿前景——来自Ⅲ矿化带地球化学原生晕的证据

石口金矿位于钦杭成矿带,是新近发现的具有一定找矿潜力的金矿。为进一步扩大找矿成果,该文通过对石口金矿Ⅲ-②矿体原生晕特征进行综合分析,并结合土壤地球化学测量成果,对找矿前景进行探讨。研究表明:主成矿元素Au与元素As、Ag、Sb密切相关,挥发份F可作为特征指示元素;Ⅲ-②矿体有可能为多期叠加形成,尾晕元素出现在原生晕分带序列前端,指示深部具有一定的成矿潜力。这些研究成果暗示Ⅲ矿化带沿走向及Ⅲ-②号矿体深部具有进一步找矿空间。     

齐家-古龙地区页岩油参数井泉头组—青山口组沉积微相特征

沉积微相发育特征对页岩油赋存及开发潜力具有重要的影响.以松辽盆地北部齐家-古龙地区松页油1井和松页油2井泉头组四段上部-青山口组二三段下部岩心为研究对象,通过大比例尺岩心观察和精细描述,以岩心岩性、层理构造、化石、含有物、电性特征为依据,开展沉积微相研究.研究认为,松页油1井和松页油2井岩心中,主要发育湖泊相沉积,分为浅湖和半深湖-深湖2种沉积亚相,可进一步识别出浅湖滩坝砂、介壳滩、泥质浅湖、半深湖-深湖泥和油页岩5种沉积微相.青一段下部主要发育半深湖-深湖亚相,浅湖亚相主要分布在青一段上部、青二三段下部和泉四段上部层位.泥质浅湖微相、半深湖-深湖泥微相以及油页岩微相均是有利于页岩油形成的沉积微相类型.     

Extinctions, Morphological Gaps, Major Transitions, Stem Groups, and the Origin of Major Clades, with a Focus on Early Animals

Systematic extinctions can leave major morphological gaps between living crown-group clades. Such morphological gaps would be perceived, from a neontological point of view, as major evolutionary transitions. In order to fill these morphological gaps and to map the evolutionary steps toward major evolutionary transitions, we need to integrate extinct stem-group taxa in phylogenetic studies. However, the recognition of stem group has not been widely adopted in the study of early animal fossils, despite that all fossils are stem groups at one level or another. Part of the difficulty is that stem groups may not have all features that collectively diagnose the respective crown group, and they can have unique (autapomorphic) features, making them tantalizingly similar to and frustratingly different from the crown group (e.g., stem-group eukaryotes can be prokaryotic and stem-group animals can be protistan). The need to embrace stem groups and to implement the PhyloCode, in order to achieve phylogenetic clarity and to offer key paleontological insights into the origin and early animal evolution, is illustrated in debates on several controversial Ediacaran and Cambrian fossils.     

高密度聚乙烯/纳米辉钼矿复合材料性能研究

以径厚为30~45 nm的辉钼矿作为导电填料,采用熔融共混法制备高密度聚乙烯/纳米辉钼矿复合材料,应用高阻计ZC-36、SEM、XRD、TG等研究复合材料的电性能、晶体结构、界面微观形貌、热性能等。研究结果表明:当纳米辉钼矿含量为25%,复合材料的体积电阻率为5.1×109Ωcm,纳米辉钼矿高定向排列,呈链状集合体;复合材料tonset分解温度提高了35℃;辉钼矿的晶体结构发生变化,(002)晶面2θ右移了1.12°,面间距缩小0.257 nm。     

兰州市取暖期可吸入颗粒物中单颗粒矿物组成特征

为研究兰州市2005年冬季大气可吸入颗粒物(PM10)中单颗粒的矿物组成,用能谱扫描电镜识别和统计了兰州市区(东方红广场)和郊区(榆中县)两个采样点的单矿物颗粒。结果在市区样品中识别出方解石、伊/蒙混层、石英、斜长石、伊利石、石膏、绿泥石、高岭石、浊沸石和钾长石等21种矿物,前7种占统计总量的75%以上;郊区样品中识别出20种矿物,以方解石、石英、伊利石、绿泥石、斜长石和伊/蒙混层为主(占70%以上),与市区相比缺少钾石膏、金红石和水铝酸钙而增加了硫酸镁和磷灰石。总体来看,大气PM10中的矿物颗粒可分为粘土类、长石类、碳酸盐类、硫酸盐类、氧化物类和其他六类,以粘土类和碳酸盐类矿物为主(约占60%);冬季市区颗粒物表面的“硫化”现象较郊区严重;这些矿物颗粒主要来自地表土,人为排放和大气中二次化学反应生成的矿物的贡献较小。