武汉市1：1万土地利用数据库建设与应用

1:1万土地利用数据库是土地管理信息化的基础,其最终目的是为国土资源管理以及其它行业服务。本文在土地管理基本理论和武汉市土地利用数据库应用实践的基础上,研究了数据库应用的多种方法,总结了数据库的应用模式以及多种应用成果表达方式。结果表明,土地利用数据库在日常地籍管理、土地资源与资产管理以及经济社会发展等领域有着广泛的应用。     

Coherent Chemical Variation Trends of the 55-25 Ma Magmatic Rocks in SE Tibet:N-S Direction Lithospheric Stretching of Eurasia during Early Stage of India-Eurasia Collision

The progressive indentation of India into Eurasia generated an E–W-trending orthogonal collision belt and a N–S-trending oblique collision belt. Compiling available data reveals that ～70% of the Cenozoic igneous rocks in eastern and southeastern Tibet are concentrated within an ENE-trending, ～550-km long and ～250-km wide magmatic zone(CMZ) that once separated the orthogonal and oblique collision belts. The Latitude 26°N Line is now its southern boundary. The onset timing of magmatism of the CMZ ...     

海南岛抱伦金矿床双峰式侵入杂岩地球化学特征及对金成矿作用的启示

位于海南岛西南部的抱伦金矿产于尖峰岩体外接触带,与辉绿岩脉密切伴生,这些侵入岩蕴含了金矿成矿作用与岩浆活动-构造演化-成矿体系关系的重要信息。文章报道了对抱伦尖峰花岗岩和辉绿岩开展岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学、元素和Sm-Nd同位素地球化学研究的成果。本次工作获得了尖峰花岗岩的LA-ICP-MS方法锆石U-Pb年龄为(234.9±2.8)Ma,与辉绿岩构成双峰式侵入杂岩组合。辉绿岩属亚碱性玄武岩系列,相对富集Th、Nb、Ta等强不相容元素,无Nb、Ta、Ti亏损,显示与富集洋中脊玄武岩(E-MORB)相似的地球化学特征,其ε_Nd(t)值为4.11,指示了亏损的源区性质;尖峰花岗岩属高钾钙碱性岩系的铝质A型花岗岩,相对富集K、Rb、Th、Ce等元素,相对亏损Sr、Ba、Nb、Ta、P、Ti等元素,其ε_Nd(t)值为-7.61～-7.80,指示了再循环地壳源区。抱伦辉绿岩为交代型地幔降压熔融的产物,而尖峰花岗岩起源于中元古界泥质和杂砂岩地壳源岩于低压、高温环境下的部分熔融,该双峰式侵入杂岩与金成矿作用形成于造山后伸展-减薄构造背景。双峰式侵入杂岩的...     

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘奥陶系马家沟组四段豹斑状云质灰岩特征及成因: 以关家崖剖面为例*

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘中奥陶统马家沟组发育豹斑状云质灰岩,因其分布广泛、成因复杂以及具有重要的油气储集意义而长期受到关注。文中以山西省兴县关家崖剖面马家沟组四段顶部为例,依据宏观、微观岩石学特征,结合碳氧稳定同位素、原位激光剥蚀的微量稀土元素等地球化学分析手段,分析了豹斑状云质灰岩的特征及其成因。研究表明,豹斑状云质灰岩的特征为: (1)常发育于(含颗粒)泥晶灰岩中,且向上白云石化程度增强,云质斑块内常伴有针状或板条状石膏假晶;(2)按产状可大致分为水平、斜交和不规则花斑3种类型,分别对应于向上变浅序列的下部、中部和上部,序列顶部多见近原地角砾化;(3)基质灰岩与云质斑块的δ¹³C、δ¹⁸O值较同期海水略显负偏,顶部不规则云质斑块负偏程度最大;(4)“豹斑”与基质灰岩均具有较低的Mn、Sr、Ba等含量和低Mn/Sr值;(5)“豹斑”的ΣREE含量较基质灰岩略低,且皆表现为轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的稀土配分模式,δCe微弱负异常,δEu无异常。依据上述结果,推测关家崖剖面马四段豹斑状云质灰岩产状受到生物扰动和高频海平面驱动的早成岩期岩溶耦合控制,序列由下至上耦合改造由弱变强,形成下—中部以岩溶影响较小的水平和斜交虫迹为特征、上部叠合岩溶强改造形成不规则花斑的垂向序列组合;早成岩期的暴露岩溶不仅叠合改造生物潜穴,而且蒸发浓缩的有限重卤水沿叠合优势通道优先交代孔渗条件更好的区域,至埋藏时期白云石化作用进一步加强,从而形成了区内类型多样的豹斑状云质灰岩。研究结果还揭示出沉积期微地貌控制的早成岩期岩溶作用是马四段这类特殊的豹斑状云质灰岩或豹斑状云岩储集层形成的关键,且在很大程度上控制了这类储集层的分布,这一认识可为高频暴露驱动的早成岩期岩溶研究提供新的材料。     

构造-沉积分异原理及其地质意义*

构造-沉积分异是地球表层的常见地质现象,发生于沉积盆地、造山带与克拉通等岩石圈构造单元,表现为岩石圈的深、中、浅层始终发生着沉积物、流体、能量与力的交换与分异过程。文中从物质组成、时空分布与力学机制等方面阐述构造-沉积分异的基本特征,并以中国沉积盆地为例进行分析。作者首先将构造-沉积分异定义为“由构造应力、热力、重力、地幔动力等因素引起地表地形差异,从而导致沉积物源、搬运体系与沉积作用变化的过程”;认为构造-沉积分异发生在不同尺度的洋-陆系统、盆-山系统、隆-坳系统、凸-凹系统与高-低地貌系统,受基底结构、强度与活动性的明显控制,构造应力、重力、热力、地幔动力等控制了该分异机制; 强调随时间演变出现构造-沉积分异演化旋回,表现为伸展期裂陷向聚敛期隆坳转变,碳酸盐岩分异台地向统一台地转变。上述控制因素与机制在时空上可以发生复合,导致多类构造-沉积分异作用出现。研究构造-沉积分异作用,可以为重建地球历史、加快矿产资源勘查和改善人类宜居环境做出贡献。     

Experimental research on macroscopic and mesoscopic evolution mechanism of land subsidence induced by groundwater exploitation

Natural Hazards - Land subsidence induced by groundwater exploitation is a typically multi-scale and multi-field coupling process. The adjustment process and action mechanism of soil mesostructure...     

桂北苗儿山地区高岭印支期花岗岩及石英脉型钨成矿作用

高岭石英脉型钨矿床位于桂北苗儿山—越城岭岩体南部,根据花岗岩中含有斑晶与否,将其与矿关系密切的花岗岩分为两种:一种为中细粒似斑状二云母花岗岩,一种为中细粒二云母花岗岩;岩石地球化学表明,成矿花岗岩具有高硅、准铝—弱过铝、高分异S型特征。岩体稀土总量中等—偏低,富集轻稀土、Cs、Rb、Th、U、Pb元素,相对亏损重稀土、Ba、Sr和Ti元素;利用锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb原位定年方法,对两种花岗岩中的锆石进行了定年分析,获得侵位年龄分别为224.9±1.4、220.2±1.6Ma,该数据为印支期岩浆活动的产物。除此之外,本文首次对高岭石英脉型钨矿的白钨矿石进行了Sm-Nd同位素分析,获得了钨成矿年龄为212±20Ma,数据表明钨成矿作用也发生在印支期,这再一次证实了南岭西部的苗儿山与越城岭地区存在较广泛的印支期成岩与成矿作用。对钨矿石的镜下和电子探针背散射图像的详细研究表明,高岭钨矿经历了两个主要的成矿阶段:(1)黑钨矿—白钨矿—石英阶段,(2)白钨矿(黑钨矿)—硫化物—石英阶段。白钨矿εNd(t)=-8.88~-9.39,为负值,这与成矿母岩属S型花岗岩相吻合,它们都属于古老壳源物质重熔作用的产物,而形成白钨矿的物质,则来自于重熔型花岗岩岩浆高度分异演化形成的富含成矿元素的成矿流体。     

Kinematics of syn-tectonic unconformities and implications for the tectonic evolution of the Hala'alat Mountains at the northwestern margin of the Junggar Basin,Central Asian Orogenic Belt

The Hala’alat Mountains are located at the transition between the West Junggar and the Junggar Basin.In this area,rocks are Carboniferous,with younger strata above them that have been identified through well data and high-resolution 3D seismic profiles.Among these strata,seven unconformities are observed and distributed at the bases of:the Permian Jiamuhe Formation,the Permian Fengcheng Formation,the Triassic Baikouquan Formation,the Jurassic Badaowan Formation,the Jurassic Xishanyao Formation,the Cretaceous Tugulu Group and the Paleogene.On the basis of balanced sections,these unconformities are determined to have been formed by erosion of uplifts or rotated fault blocks primarily during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic.In conjunction with the currently understood tectonic background of the surrounding areas,the following conclusions are proposed:the unconformities at the bases of the Permian Jiamuhe and Fengcheng formations are most likely related to the subduction and closure of the Junggar Ocean during the late Carboniferous-early Permian;the unconformities at the bases of the Triassic Baikouquan and Jurassic Badaowan formations are closely related to the late Permian-Triassic Durbut sinistral slip fault;the unconformities at the bases of the middle Jurassic Xishanyao Formation and Cretaceous Tugulu Group may be related to reactivation of the Durbut dextral slip fault in the late Jurassic-early Cretaceous,and the unconformity that gives rise to the widely observed absence of the upper Cretaceous in the northern Junggar Basin may be closely related to large scale uplift.All of these geological phenomena indicate that the West Junggar was not calm in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic and that it experienced at least four periods of tectonic movement.