A study of interaction between surface water and groundwater using environmental isotope in Huaisha River basin

The surface water and groundwater are important components of water cycle, and the interaction between surface water and groundwater is the important part in water cycle research. As the effective tracers in water cycle research, environmental isotope and hydrochemistry can reveal the interrelationships between surface water and groundwater effectively. The study area is the Huaisha River basin, which is located in Huairou district, Beijing. The field surveying and sampling for spring, river and well water were finished in 2002 and 2003. The hydrogen and oxygen isotopes and water quality were measured at the laboratory. The spatial characteristics in isotope and evolution of water quality along river lines at the different area were analyzed. The altitude effect of oxygen isotope in springs was revealed, and then using this equation, theory foundation for deducing recharge source of spring was estimated. By applying the mass balance method, the annual mean groundwater recharge rate at the catchment was estimated. Based on the groundwater recharge analysis, combining the hydrogeological condition analysis, and comparing the rainfall-runoff coefficients from the 1960s to 1990s in the Huaisha River basin and those in the Chaobai River basin, part of the runoff in the Huaisha River basin is recharged outside of this basin, in other words, this basin is an un-enclosed basin. On the basis of synthetically analyses, combining the compositions of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes and hydrochemistry, geomorphology, geology, and watershed systems characteristics, the relative contributions between surface water and groundwater flow at the different areas at the catchments were evaluated, and the interaction between surface water and groundwater was re- vealed lastly.     

一种新的空间凸多面体的生成算法

在计算机图形学中的平面凸多边形的生成算法的基础上,针对点数较多的空间点集,提出一种基于坐标极值法的空间凸多面体的生成算法。该算法可以快速地计算出给定的空间点集的最小凸多面体,输出组成该多面体的顶点和面的集合(凸包),是求解空间的最小覆盖问题的一种新的方法。该算法已应用到古建筑的3维建模中,证明了该方法的有效性和实用性。     

平原地区航空重力测量的精度分析

为检验我国首套航空重力测量系统(CHAGS)在平原地区的测量精度以及验证其在严寒气候条件下的作业性能,2003年11月以国产某新型航测机为载体在我国东北某地区进行试验。概述试验情况,介绍航空重力测量数据处理方法。试验结果表明,CHAGS在严寒气候条件下工作稳定、性能可靠,半波长分辨率为9km时,交叉点重力异常不符值的标准差为2.0mGal,5′×5′格网平均重力异常的外部精度为1.7mGal。     

基于ArcGIS Engine的地图符号制作工具的设计实现

分析了ArcGIS Engine符号体系特点,设计了一套基于ArcGIS Engine的符号制作工具,采用C#语言开发实现。     

移动GIS技术在地质灾害数据采集领域的应用研究

移动GIS技术基于PDA(掌上机)及WinCE作为软件运行的软硬件平台,掌上机具有进行野外数据采集的很多独特优势。将这种独特优势与传统数据采集技术相结合,现场采集地质灾害数据,并以数字化技术延伸至野外,从而可有效地解决目前地质灾害数据采集面临的反馈信息严重滞后,采集信息不完整,在数据采集手段上存在的记录内容随意、记录格式不规范及野外使用不方便等问题。该系统采用ESRI的ArcPad Application Builder二次开发软件,对ArcPad进行面向地质灾害数据采集领域的功能定制,使系统集成了GPS或手工定点的空间信息在基础地理底图的显示、地质灾害点属性信息通过友好的界面实现录入及数据的入库以及野外采集到的空间及属性信息与室内ArcGIS软件平台顺畅的数据交流功能,实现了利用移动GIS技术与地质灾害预警预报过程中地质灾害数据采集的全程数字化操作,并摸索了一套完成的工作流程。这种技术的采用有望对传统野外地质灾害数据采集手段带来质的突破。     

藏北龙木错东部三岔口地区下奥陶统与泥盆系的不整合界面

在北羌塘三岔口一带采获丰富的腕足类:汉伯矮正形贝及比较种Nanorthis cf.hamburgensis(Walcott).建立了早奥陶世岩石地层单位--三岔口组,是羌塘地区目前有化石控制的最低层位.中、晚泥盆世拉竹龙组与下伏志留系、奥陶系不整合接触关系的进一步确定,证明了羌北-昌都板块与扬子板块的亲缘性,为羌北-昌都板块属性的确定提供了重要证据.     

GIS中空间信息多种地图显示模式的研究

通过对目前GIS中电子地图显示的分析研究,指出了GIS中空间信息地图显示存在的问题。针对目前电子地图显示模式的单一性、显示环境的多变性和显示效果的平淡性,提出了电子地图显示模式的概念。指出了影响地图显示模式变换的因素主要有空间数据的用途、屏幕比例尺、使用环境和显示的设备等,并分析了常用地图显示模式的可视化特点。对基于多种地图显示模式的符号库和显示模板进行了初步的研究,为深入研究空间信息可视化进行了初步尝试。     

1980年代中国地磁正常场图及其数学模式

本文介绍了1980.0年中国地磁正常场图的编绘和地磁正常场数学模式的建立使用不同年代观测的地磁三要素资料2000余个,经过通化改正,统统改正到1980.0这个特定年代。采用泰勒多项式和最小二乘法,分别建立1980.0年中国地磁正常场和地磁场长期变化数学模式,并计算其网格值,用于编绘1980.0年中国地磁正常场图。本文在建立地磁正常场数学模式时,采用三个独立的地磁要素建立模式的方法,解决了地磁场模式在地磁倾角为零的地方、而垂直强度不为零的问题。     

Degradation Kinetics of Petroleum Contaminants in Soft-Water Systems

On the basis of site investigation and sample collection of petroleum contaminants in the soil-water-crop system in the Shenyang-Fushun sewage irrigation area, the physical-chemical-biological compositions of the unsaturated zone is analyzed systematically in this paper. At the same time, the degradation kinetics of residual and aqueous oils is determined through biodegradation tests. The studies show that dominant microorganisms have been formed in the soils after long-term sewage irrigation. The microorganisms mainly include bacteria, and a few of fungus and actinomycetes.After a 110-days‘ biodegradation test, the degradation rate of residual oil is 9.74%--10.63%, while the degradation rate of aqueous oil reaches 62.43 %. This indicates that the degradation rate of low-carbon aqueous oil is higher than that of highcarbon residual oil. In addition, although microbial degradation of petroleum contaminants in soils is suitable to the firstorder kinetics equation, the half-lives of aqueous oil, No. 20 heavy diesel and residual oil in the surface soils (L2-1, S1-1 and X1-1) are 1732 h, 3465 h and 17325 h, respectively.     

油气化探指标与土壤介质中矿物成分相互关系的研究

在油气藏上方化探指标与土壤介质中的矿物成分的对比分析中,不同地区两者间在相关分析、聚类谱系图等方面存在着差异性.不同开发阶段的油气藏上方,化探指标与矿物成分间相关性存在着很大差异性.在油气藏上方的土壤菱铁矿分析中发现,油气藏(开采晚期的油田除外)边缘与油气藏范围内、外的土壤菱铁矿平均含量存在着差异性,油气藏上方及其外围的土壤菱铁矿与热释烃含量存在着不同的特征.