河岸带蜿蜒性与植被密度对潜流驻留时间的复合效应

潜流驻留时间是反映潜流交换、溶质迁移转化、生物组成、生态过程的重要特征变量。应用双循环可控式河岸带模型，以NaCl为示踪剂，深入研究了河岸带蜿蜒性与植被密度对潜流驻留时间的复合效应；应用量纲分析和主成分分析法，探析了潜流驻留时间的关键影响因子及其作用程度和敏感性。结果表明：①河岸带植被密度对潜流驻留时间具有促进作用，但存在一定的阈值。②潜流驻留时间分布与河岸蜿蜒形态呈类镜像效应；潜流驻留时间在河岸带蜿蜒波不同位置差异明显，迎水面平均驻留时间约为背水面的1/2。③河岸带蜿蜒性与植被密度是影响潜流驻留时间的关键因子，总作用程度达91.07%。潜流驻留时间对蜿蜒性最敏感，对植被密度敏感性较弱，对复合因子的敏感性介于两者之间；迎水面内组合因子对潜流驻留时间具有共同促进效应，背水面内组合因子对潜流驻留时间具有抑制和促进双重效应。     

岩溶地层水文水井泡沫钻井压力和排量计算

分析了岩溶地层水文水井施工中,泡沫实现平衡压力或欠平衡压力钻井的原理及影响泡沫钻井有效井眼压力的因素,采用迭代法逆循环计算方法,计算井口压力和井口气液排量。     

双曲线配合法在某路基沉降反分析中的应用

本文根据哈尔滨某公路路基实测沉降资料,应用双曲线配合法推算了地基土的最终沉降量,并用太沙基渗透固结理论反分析出地基中粘土层的平均固结系数和渗透系数。应用太沙基方法,将反算出的渗透系数计算路基沉降,结果比选用实验室测得的渗透系数计算的沉降更接近实际沉降值。     

High-resolution climate variability of southwest China during 57-70 ka reflected in a stalagmite δ18O record from Xinya Cave

A 26-cm-long stalagmite (XY2) from Xinya Cave in northeastern Chongqing of China has been ICP-MS ²³⁰Th/U dated, showing a depositional hiatus at 2.3 cm depth from the top. The growth of the 2.3–26 cm interval determined by four dates was between 57 ka and 70 ka, with a linear growth rate of 0.023 mm/a. We have analyzed 190 samples for δ ¹⁸O and δ ¹³C, mostly in the 2.3–26 cm part. The δ ¹⁸O and δ ¹³C values between 57 ka and 70 ka reveal decadal-to-centennial climatic variability during the glacial interval of Marine Isotope Stage 4 (MIS4), exhibiting much higher resolution than that of the published Hulu and Dongge records during this interval. Speleothem δ ¹⁸O in eastern China, including our study area can be used as a proxy of summer monsoon strength, with lighter values pointing to stronger summer monsoon and higher precipitation, and vice versa. Two decreases in the δ ¹⁸O signature of XY2 record around 59.5 and 64.5 Ka are argued to correspond to the Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) events 17 and 18 respectively. The Heinrich event 6 (H6) can be identified in the record as a heavy δ ¹⁸O peak around 60 ka, indicating significant weakening of the monsoon in Chongqing during the cold period. The XY2 δ ¹⁸O record shows very rapid change toward to the interstadial condition of the D-O event, but more gradual change toward to the cold stadial condition. This phenomenon found in the Greenland ice core records is rarely observed so clearly in previously published speleothem records. According to SPECMAP δ ¹⁸O record, the glacial maximum of MIS 4 was around 64.5 ka with the boundary of MIS 3/4 around 60 ka. Unlike the marine record, the speleothem record of XY2, China, exhibits much high frequency variations without an apparent glacial maximum during MIS 4. However, the timing of MIS 3/4 boundary seems to be around 60 ka when the H6 terminated, in agreement with the marine chronology. The growth period of sample XY2 during glacial times probably reflects a local karstic routing of water, rather than having climatic significance. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40672165, 90511004, 40672202) and the Academician Special Project of Chongqing Science Committee (Grant No. 2003-7835)     

虚拟实体生成技术研究

介绍了虚拟实体的定义、研究内容和一个研究实例，并指出了虚拟实体生成研究对测绘保障的意义。     

地形RSG模型的动态构网算法

论述了一种基于规则格网地形模型的动态构网算法。通过定义模型中顶点间的约束关系以及顶点误差的继承方法，利用四叉树构建出顶点的层次结构，有效解决了不同分辨率网络间接边的裂缝问题，实现在模型误差控制下的多分辨网络的实时正确构网。实验证明，该方法对于实时控制地形模型的细节层次，增强地形模型的绘制效率是非常有效的。     

基于核空间的多光谱遥感图像分类方法

提出了多光谱遥感图像分类方法中解决非线性问题的一种思路。通过引入核空间理论,将在输入空间中不能线性分类的问题映射到一个可以进行线性分类的高维空间,并利用核函数避免了在高维空间中运算的复杂度,较好地解决了非线性分类问题。利用这种思路,本文对一种比较简单的分类算法———自适应最小距离分类方法加以改进,并将其应用于多光谱遥感图像的分类中,提出了一种核函数的选择策略。     

山东龙宝山岩体稀土元素特征及矿源研究

龙宝山岩体是燕山期多阶段岩浆活动形成的中偏碱性杂岩体,其稀土元素特征为:wΣREE为地壳丰度的2.5倍,wLREE/wHREE为地壳的近9倍,轻稀土强烈富集,δEu、δCe均呈弱负异常,各期侵入岩及含金石英脉的稀土元素分布型式基本相似,呈向右陡倾斜线,但石英脉中稀土总量更高、轻稀土更为富集。研究结果表明:岩浆和成矿物质最初可能均来源于上地幔的同一岩浆房,并在岩浆上侵过程中不同程度地同化混染了地壳物质。