Changes in ice-season characteristics of a European Arctic lake from 1964 to 2008

The long-term ice record (from 1964 to 2008) of an Arctic lake in northern Europe (Lake Kilpisj?rvi) reveals the response of lake ice to climate change at local and regional scales. Average freeze-up and ice breakup occurred on 9 November and 19 June, respectively. The freeze-up has been significantly delayed at a rate of 2.3 d per decade from 1964 onward (P?<?0.05). No significant change has taken place in ice breakup. Annual average ice thickness has become smaller since the mid-1980s (P?<?0.05). Air temperature during the early ice season significantly affected the ice thickness. The freeze-up date exhibits the highest correlation with the 2-month average daily minimum air temperature centered at the end of October, while the ice breakup date exhibits the highest correlation with the 2-month average daily maximal air temperature centered in mid May. A 1°C increase in the surface air temperature corresponds to a freeze-up later by 3.4?days and an ice breakup earlier by 3.6?days. Snow cover is a critical factor in lake-ice climatology. For cumulative November to March precipitation of less than 0.13?m, the insulating effect of the snow dominated, while higher rates of precipitation favored thicker ice due to the formation of snow ice. Variations in ice records of Lake Kilpisj?rvi can serve as an indicator of climate variations across the northern Europe. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) does not significantly affect the ice season there, although both the local air temperatures and winter precipitation contain a strong NAO signal.     

INTEX-B NO2排放源在中国地区的应用与检验

将INTEX-B排放源应用到空气质量模型Model3-CMAQ中,对中国地区对流层NO₂的浓度分布进行了数值模拟,并与OMI卫星对流层NO₂资料进行了对比和验证。结果表明：将INTEX-B排放源应用到Model3-CMAQ模式,模拟的NO₂浓度在中国地区的分布、季节变化规律与卫星资料所得结果一致。敏感性试验表明,工业及电厂排放对NO₂的浓度贡献最大,而交通排放的贡献相对较小,两种排放均主要集中在京津、长江三角洲等经济发达地区。     

Evaluating the Performances of GAMIL1.0 and GAMIL2.0 during TWP-ICE with CAPT

CAPT(Climate Change Prediction Program and Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program(CCPP-ARM) Parameterization Testbed) has been a valuable tool to assess climate models in recent years,and the Tropical Warm Pool-International Cloud Experiment(TWP-ICE) has collected comprehensive measurements to verify its physical parameterizations.The present study evaluates the performances of the two GAMIL(grid-point atmospheric model of IAP LASG) versions during TWP-ICE using CAPT.The results indicate that GAMIL2.0 reproduced better shifts of clouds and rainfall during three distinct monsoon phases than GAMIL1.0,although both of them simulated the large-scale dynamical states well,which are mainly attributable to the different convective parameterizations.     

基于模糊支持向量机分类的土地利用时空演变研究

利用1995年、2003年和2008年3个时期徐州市丰县TM/ETM+遥感数据,采用模糊支持向量机方法进行土地利用分类,运用ArcGIS和Matlab编程,分析丰县1995—2008年间的土地利用时空格局演变规律和特点。研究表明,丰县建设用地不断扩展,耕地面积继续减少,林地持续增加,同时,丰县在环境保护方面加大了投入力度,土地利用结构和方式正趋向合理化。     

监控视频中目标车辆速度被动式测量方法研究

对事先没有安置测速装置,事后仅通过监控视频进行处理的目标车辆速度被动式测量的方法进行相关研究。阐述被动式目标车辆速度测量的概念、基本原理;视频画面中点、线、面之间的关系;被动式目标车辆速度测量时方向与标定点的选择;不同监控点之间目标车辆的平均速度测量和同一监控点中目标车辆速度测量的方法等。     

多基站模式下的实时与自适应室内定位方法研究

无线通信网络的增值推动了适宜和有效的室内外定位的发展。提出WLAN环境下多基站辅助的自适应定位方法,此方法基于由多个基站信息及其与位置指纹样本点之间的映射关系实时生成的位置指纹库估算移动站的位置。其中,基站与位置指纹样本点对应信号强度之间的映射通过BP神经网络构建。此方法不但能够适应环境中小尺度扰动因素,还能够通过对基站信息的内插适应大尺度环境变化情况。另外,此方法采用的信号强度差分度量,能有效削弱多个设备之间的差异造成的定位误差。试验结果显示该方法能够在动态环境中精确定位目标。     

基于多时相遥感影像的龙岩市景观格局变化分析

基于龙岩市多时相Landsat TM/ETM+数据,应用最大似然、决策树及支持向量机分类方法对龙岩市景观类型进行分类.从3种分类方法的比较得知,支持向量机分类方法表现出较高的性能,分类精度明显高于其他的分类方法.因此选择最佳的支持向量机分类结果,并结合景观生态学方法,分析了1992-2008年龙岩市新罗区景观格局及其动态变化信息.结果表明,1992-2008年新罗区主城区农业用地大幅度降低,相应转化为建筑用地,但是却保持着良好的森林覆盖率.同时城市景观组分经历了由扩散式增长过程到粘合式集聚增长过程的转变,城市形态由不稳定形态逐步向稳定形态演化.整体上而言,城市景观呈现出破碎度变小、多样性降低和聚集度升高的发展趋势,建筑用地是龙岩市新罗区的主要景观类型.     

图像分类中基于核映射的光谱匹配度量方法

针对多光谱遥感数据特点利用SSV匹配技术改进高斯核函数得到新的KSSV函数,然后在由KSSV核函数映射得到的高维空间中利用SAM匹配技术代替基于欧氏距离的相似性度量。如此可以充分挖掘多光谱影像中的波谱特征信息并有效利用,提高模式识别方法应用的有效性。将此方法分别应用于非监督分类(k均值)与监督分类(最小距离、SVM)的试验表明,改进度量的分类方法可显著提高地类间的可区分度并有效降低类内的不一致性,更有效针对多光谱遥感影像中的地物类型,获得较好的精度改进。