Applications of Light Stable Isotopes(C,O, H) in the Study of Sandstone Diagenesis: A Review

This article reviews the applications of light stable isotope, including carbon, oxygen and hydrogen, in thestudies on origin and formation temperature of authigenic carbonate, quartz and clay minerals. Theoretical knowledge andanalytical methods for major light stable isotopes are introduced in detail. Negative and positive δ¹³C values indicatesignificant differences on the origin of carbonate cements. The δ¹⁸O value is an effective palaeotemperature scale forauthigenic minerals formation. Various fractionation equations between δ¹⁸O and temperature are proposed for carbonatecements, quartz cements and clay minerals, whose merit and demerit, applicable conditions are clarified clearly. Clumpedisotope analysis can reconstruct the temperature of carbonate precipitation with no requirement on the δ¹⁸O of initial waters,which makes temperature calculation of carbonate cements formation more convenient and accurate. Hydrogen and oxygenisotopes mainly reflect the origin of diagenetic fluid for clay mineral formation, providing reliable evidence for diageneticenvironment analysis. This work aims at helping researchers for better understanding the applications of light stable isotopein sandstone diagenesis.     

基于ArcGIS Server的地震应急数据与服务共享研究

ArcGIS Server是基于Web Service用来发布企业级GIS应用程序的综合平台。 本文以地震应急数据与服务共享为研究目标, 分析了ArcGIS Server的体系架构和几种常用共享模式的特点, 提出了基于Web Service和ArcGIS Server的共享模式, 详细阐述了地震应急数据与服务共享的理论方法和系统架构, 实现了基于ArcGIS Server开发地震应急信息共享的原型系统。     

Relationship between Natural Fracture and Structural Style and its Implication for Tight Gas Enrichment: A Case Study of Deep Ahe Formation in the Dibei–Tuzi Area, Kuqa Depression

The deep Lower Jurassic Ahe Formation (J1a) in the Dibei–Tuzi area of the Kuqa Depression has not been extensively explored because of the complex distribution of fractures. A study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the natural fracture distribution and structural style. The J1a fractures in this area were mainly high-angle shear fractures. A backward thrust structure (BTS) is favorable for gas migration and accumulation, probably because natural fractures are more developed in the middle and upper parts of a thick competent layer. The opposing thrust structure (OTS) was strongly compressed, and the natural fractures in the middle and lower parts of the thick competent layer around the fault were more intense. The vertical fracture distribution in the thick competent layers of an imbricate-thrust structure (ITS) differs from that of BTS and OTS. The intensity of the fractures in the ITS anticline is similar to that in the BTS. Fracture density in monoclinic strata in a ITS is controlled by faulting. Overall, the structural style controls the configuration of faults and anticlines, and the stress on the competent layers, which significantly affects deep gas reservoir fractures. The enrichment of deep tight sandstone gas is likely controlled by two closely spaced faults and a fault-related anticline.     

城镇化对湿地的影响研究进展

湿地是人类生存和发展的主要环境之一,城镇化进程严重影响了湿地生态系统。从城镇化对湿地的景观格局、水文、生物多样性影响方面综述了城镇化对湿地生态系统影响的研究进展。研究发现城镇化改变了湿地的景观格局,使湿地面积不断减少,景观破碎化,湿地异质性增大,连通性降低。城镇化改变了湿地的水文条件,使天然调蓄能力减弱,径流系数增强,洪峰流量增大,水土流失加重,河网和水系结构特征改变,水质受到严重影响。城镇化降低了湿地生物多样性,使物种丰富度和分布降低,珍稀物种因丧失生境而灭绝,生物入侵增强,进而导致种群组成和生态系统的功能发生变化。最后提出了在全球变化背景下城镇化对湿地影响研究的新方向及其保护措施建议。     

东天山东戈壁特大型钼矿床的发现及意义

新疆维吾尔自治区哈密东戈壁钼矿床是我国最新发现的特大型斑岩型钼矿床。通过分析该矿床的发现过程,总结出以下认识:1)大地构造方面,矿床位于区域构造分区的边缘,区域深大断裂所限制的断块是成矿有利的构造场所;2)区域重力、航磁、1/20万水系沉积物高温元素Mo、W、Sn、Bi组合异常是选择找矿靶区的基础;3)矿体赋存于石炭系干墩组浅变质碎屑岩中,与成矿有关的侵入岩为印支期(227.6±1.3 Ma)斑状(钾长)花岗岩(隐伏);4)东戈壁钼矿床的发现,说明觉罗塔格成矿带仍具有巨大的找矿潜力;5)利用"三位一体"找矿模式进行了正确的选区,加之理论指导找矿并结合合理的快速评价方法是东戈壁特大型钼矿发现的关键。     

极端干旱区荒漠河岸林胡杨生长季树干液流变化

应用热脉冲技术和自动气象站对极端干旱区荒漠河岸林建群种胡杨(Populus euphratica Oliv.)的树干的液流流速及其环境因子进行了为期2 a的连续观测,对胡杨树干液流日、季变化及其与环境因子相关性进行了深入的研究。结果表明:胡杨树干液流速率日变化具有明显的昼夜节律性。白天树干液流流速变化曲线呈多峰型。夜间,胡杨同样存在明显的树干液流现象,这主要是由根压引起的。胡杨树干液流速率7月最高,6月、8月次之,9月液流速率高于5月,10月最小,主要生长期6—8月胡杨日均蒸腾量占整个生长季的70％以上。不同林龄的胡杨树干液流速率不同,表现为15龄＞25龄＞50龄。树干液流量变化与环境因子中气象因子的变化密切相关。逐步回归结果表明,液流速率与净辐射、空气温度、空气相对湿度呈显著线性相关, 同时给出了依据常规气象因子估算液流速率的统计模型。     

超轻型井点降水新技术的研究与应用

分析了轻型井点降水设备的现状与不足，提出了超轻型井点降水新技术，即对现有轻型井点降水设备进一步轻化。介绍了轻化改进的措施，并通过工程检验，取得了良好效果。     

表面波浪对海洋上层混合的作用

A new three-dimensional numerical model is derived through a wave average on the primitive N-S equations, in which both the＂Coriolis-Stokes forcing＂ and the＂Stokes-Vortex force＂ are considered. Three ideal experiments are run using the new model applied to the Princeton ocean model （POM）. Numerical results show that surface waves play an important role on the mixing of the upper ocean. The mixed layer is enhanced when wave effect is considered in conjunction with small Langmuir numbers. Both surface wave breaking and Stokes production can strengthen the turbulent mixing near the surface. However, the influence of wave breaking is limited to a thin layer, but Stokes drift can affect the whole mixed layer. Furthermore, the vertical mixing coefficients clearly rise in the mixed layer, and the upper ocean mixed layer is deepened especially in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current when the model is applied to global simulations. It indicates that the surface gravity waves are indispensable in enhancing the mixing in the upper ocean, and should be accounted for in ocean general circulation models.     

2007年夏季江淮强降水过程中10~30d低频变化及其与对流层上层波包活动的联系

利用NCEP/NCAR再分析和全国740站逐日降水资料,运用一点滞后相关等方法,对2007年夏季江淮流域强降水期间低频振荡的波动活动特征及其与降水低频变化的联系进行了分析。结果表明,在2007年夏季降水中,降水低频分量起着重要作用。降水的低频振荡主周期为10~30d,降水距平时间序列与10~30d低频分量具有较好的对应关系。低频扰动在对流层上层和低层都呈现波列状分布,且在降水活跃位相时,低频环流在高、低层具有斜压结构。在对流层上层,低频扰动有缓慢的东移倾向,相速度为每天2~3个经度。西风带中存在多次移动性波列向下游的传播,且在120°E以西以每天14经度的群速度向下游频散能量,表明10~30d低频波动具有明显的下游发展特征。在强降水开始5d前,低频波动与能量可起源于高纬的乌拉尔山附近,沿着西北-东南向的路径向下游传播。下游发展的低频波动为江淮流域带来了能量,为强降水的发生提供了条件。这些结果加深了人们对低频波动在江淮流域强降水过程中所起作用的认识,可为寻找江淮流域强降水过程预报线索提供科学依据。