Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls in the water, sediment and fish from the Pearl River estuary, China

The concentrations and distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls were determined in water, surface sediments and fishes from the estuaries of Pearl River, PR China. The results showed that the concentrations ranged from 2.47 ng l-1 to 6.75 ng l-1 in water, from 11.13 ng g-1 to 23.23 ng g-1 in sediments (dry weight) and from 68.64 ng g-1 to 316.85 ng-1 in fish (lipid weight). It was found that the feeding habits of fish were very significant in the accumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls and pattern of congeners. Carnivorous and benthic fishes such as eel (Anguilla japonica) and Chinese sea catfish (Arius sinensis) were found to have high concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls and of high-chlorinated congeners, while herbivores such as shad (Clupanodon punctatus) and mullet (Mugil cephalus) exhibited an opposite trend. Congeners IUPAC Nos. 153, 138, 118, 87/81, 170 and 52 were found frequently in most samples (both sediment and fish). In comparison with other places in the world, the concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls in sediment and fish from the estuary of Pearl River were low.     

Residue levels of HCHs,DDTs and PCBs in shellfish from coastal areas of east Xiamen Island and Minjiang Estuary,China

Shellfish samples were collected from the coastal cultivating areas of east Xiamen Island and Minjing Estuary, China and analyzed for hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), DDTs and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by GC. Concentration ranges of HCHs, DDTs and PCBs in the coastal area of east Xiamen Island were 0.18–345, 75.2–2143 and ND-23 ng g⁻¹ dry wt., respectively; those for Minjiang Estuary were ND-5.07, 21.5–2396 and ND-6.78 ng g⁻¹ dry wt., respectively. The results showed that the organochlorines were evidently accumulated in marine bivalve molluscs, particularly in oyster. The concentrations of organocholorine pollutants in shellfish samples varied with the sampling locations, the season of collection and organism species, but were generally higher than those in the sediments. The concentrations of DDTs in the shellfish were high as compared with HCHs and PCBs, so that DDTs can be considered as the typical organochlorines in the survey areas. The residue levels and compositions of HCHs, DDTs and PCBs are discussed.     

DAMAGE EVALUATION BASED ON POINT-AREA INTEGRATED INFORMATION IN FLOOD DIVERSION BASIN

1 INTRODUCTION In recent years, the increased human activities in river basins have resulted in severe soil erosion and subsequent river sedimentation. Higher water levels for the same flow discharge imply that the flood risk has increased, as has the possibility of using flood diversion basins (FDB抯). To reduce the potential flood damage, rapid flood risk prediction and efficient flood damage evaluation are needed. The flood risk prediction is closely related to hydraulic information s…     

四维高分辨率活动构造研究

自野外调查的开创性论文发表以来,活动构造学已有100多年的历史,但它仍然是构造地质学中一个相对年轻的分支学科。该学科主要研究板块构造运动引起的应变积累和通过发生地震(或其他事件)对应变的释放。也就是说,活动构造旨在描述板块构造的过程。确定地震年代、断层滑动速率和其他常见的活动构造研究目标,极大地加深了我们对断层力学和地壳流变学等方面的理解。地震危险性评估和风险缓解方面的需求进一步推动了对大地震和潜在破坏性地震复发特征的研究。活动构造研究中的主要数据来源是地表和浅层地下断裂作用痕迹,两者分别通过地形地貌和地层资料显示。大约在40年前,地质学家开始通过对活动断层错断地层、地貌标志物的野外观察和航空照片解译,建立了地震复发的端元模型。自那以后,特别是在最近20年内,技术的发展极大地提高了地形数据的丰富性和分辨率,增强了对地层单元和地貌面进行定年的能力,这为我们建立更合理的地震复发概念模型奠定了基础。本文对近年来促进活动构造研究不断发展的高分辨率地形数据和测年方法进行了综述。     

Circulation Indices of the Aleutian Low Pressure System: Definitions and Relationships to Climate Anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere

In this study, a group of indices were defined regarding intensity (P), area (S) and central position (λ^c, Φ^c) of the Aleutian low (AL) in the Northern Hemisphere in winter, using seasonal and monthly mean height field at 1000-hPa. These indices were calculated over 60 winter seasons from 1948/1949 to 2007/2008 using reanalysis data. Climatic and anomalous characteristics of the AL were analyzed based on these indices and relationships between the AL, and general circulations were explored using correlations between indices P, λ^c, and Pacific SST, as well as Northern Hemisphere temperature and precipitation. The main results are these: (1) AL is the strongest in January, when the center shifts to the south and west of its climatological position, and it is the weakest in December when the center shifts to the north and east. (2) AL intensity (P) is negatively correlated with its longitude (λ^c): a deeper low occurs toward the east and a shallower low occurs toward the west. On a decadal scale, the AL has been persistently strong and has shifted eastward since the 1970s, but reversal signs have been observed in recent years. (3) The AL is stronger and is located toward the east during strong El Nino winters and vice versa during strong La Nina years; this tendency is particularly evident after 1975. The AL is also strongly correlated with SST in the North Pacific. It intensifies and moves eastward with negative SST anomalies, and it weakens and moves westward with positive SST anomalies. (4) Maps of significance correlation between AL intensity and Northern Hemisphere temperature and rainfall resemble the PNA teleconnection pattern in mid-latitudes in the North Pacific and across North America. The AL and the Mongolian High are two permanent atmospheric pressure systems adjacent to each other during boreal winter over the middle and high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere, but their relationships with the El Nino/La Nina events and with temperature and precipitation in the Northern Hemisphere are significantly different.     

Practical issues in imaging hydraulic conductivity through hydraulic tomography

Hydraulic tomography has been developed as an alternative to traditional geostatistical methods to delineate heterogeneity patterns in parameters such as hydraulic conductivity (K) and specific storage (S(s)). During hydraulic tomography surveys, a large number of hydraulic head data are collected from a series of cross-hole tests in the subsurface. These head data are then used to interpret the spatial distribution of K and S(s) using inverse modeling. Here, we use the Sequential Successive Linear Estimator (SSLE) of Yeh and Liu (2000) to interpret synthetic pumping test data created through numerical simulations and real data generated in a laboratory sandbox aquifer to obtain the K tomograms. Here, we define "K tomogram" as an image of K distribution of the subsurface (or the inverse results) obtained via hydraulic tomography. We examine the influence of signal-to-noise ratio and biases on results using inverse modeling of synthetic and real cross-hole pumping test data. To accomplish this, we first show that the pumping rate, which affects the signal-to-noise ratio, and the order of data included into the SSLE algorithm both have large impacts on the quality of the K tomograms. We then examine the role of conditioning on the K tomogram and find that conditioning can improve the quality of the K tomogram, but can also impair it, if the data are of poor quality and conditioning data have a larger support volume than the numerical grid used to conduct the inversion. Overall, these results show that the quality of the K tomogram depends on the design of pumping tests, their conduct, the order in which they are included in the inverse code, and the quality as well as the support volume of additional data that are used in its computation.     

Modified sublimation to isolate phenanthrene-degrading bacteria of the genera Sphingomonas and Burkholderia from Xiamen oil port

Sublimation was developed by Alley and Brown (2000) in order to isolate bacterial strains that were capable of degrading water insoluble compounds. In this study, sublimation was modified by the use of nutritional agar plates, instead of mineral salt agar, to isolate phenanthrene-degrading bacteria from a mixed culture that had been enriched under the selective pressure of high phenanthrene content. Five strains were obtained with different morphology and degradation ability. Based on the 16S rDNA sequence, two of them were classified as species of the genus Sphingomonas; the others as species of the genus Burkholderia. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was introduced to detect dynamic changes in the bacterial community during enrichment batch culture, and to determine any correlation between the five isolates and the phenanthrene-degrading consortium. The DGGE profile indicated that these five isolates corresponded to four dominant bands of the consortium. Compared to traditional means of isolation, we concluded that modified sublimation is effective and more convenient.     

石炭纪杜内阶-维宪阶界线定义介绍

简要介绍了杜内阶 -维宪阶界线定义的历史和现状 ,包括舍费尔德会议原始定义 ,牙形石 Guathodus texa-nus带底界定义 ,有孔虫 Eoparastaffella形态演化定义。2 0 0 1年 9月在美国圣路易斯举行的国际石炭纪地层委员会现场会议期间 ,非正式通过了石炭纪杜内阶 -维宪阶界线新定义 ,即“有孔虫 Eoparastaffella ovalis类群— E. sim-plex谱系中 Eoparastaffella simplex的首次出现”     

我国发现的一种含锂新矿物——纤钡锂石 BaMg2LiAl3[Si2O6]2（OH）8

纤钡锂石产于湖南临武香花岭地区一水晶矿锂云母石英脉晶洞中,与锂云母、石英等矿物共生。矿物为浅黄白色,丝绢光泽,呈针状、纤维状、放射状或平行束状集合体,纤维长达1厘米。经X射线单晶及粉晶衍射测定:该矿物属斜方晶系,空间群Ccca,晶胞参数:a=13.60(?),b=20.24(?),e=5.16(?)。最强衍射线为:10.12(?)(100) 4.05(?)(78) 3.39(?)(91) 2.605(?)(31)2.390(?)(28)。