内蒙古银额盆地哈日凹陷下白垩统碎屑锆石U-Pb测年及其物源意义*

前人认为银额盆地下白垩统物源主要来自凹陷周缘的造山带或凸起区,但对于下白垩统的物源具体属于何套地层、确切源区位置等问题,并未开展过相关研究。笔者以哈日凹陷为例,通过对该凹陷下白垩统8个沉积岩样品开展地球化学和碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学研究,以期解决以上问题。研究结果表明: (1)碎屑锆石按年龄可以分为三叠纪锆石、二叠纪锆石、石炭纪锆石和古老锆石4类,对应的年龄分别为$237.9\pm3.2\pm-238.3\pm8.4$ Ma, $255.0\pm9.7-285.9\pm4.3$ Ma, $307.0\pm23.0-330.0\pm3.0$ Ma and $434.0\pm4.0-2584.0\pm14.0$ Ma 。(2)微量元素和锆石年龄组成特征表明,下白垩统以二叠系和石炭系物源供给为主,包括二叠纪和石炭纪侵入岩和沉积岩。(3)锆石年龄分布指示哈日凹陷下白垩统物源具有多源区的特征,凹陷西北部的洪格尔吉山、南部的宗乃山和东部的切刀山对其均有物源贡献。(4)3个物源区对巴音戈壁组和苏红图组的物源贡献率具有一定的差异,如宗乃山地区对苏红图组有较大的物源贡献率,这种差异可能由沉积物迁移距离、源区地质体剥蚀速率、构造运动等原因所致。下白垩统物源特征的确定,对于恢复哈日凹陷早白垩世原型盆地、建立早白垩世沉积古地理模型等均具有重要的意义。     

塔里木盆地塔中低凸起地层水化学特征对不整合的响应

对塔中低凸起地层水化学特征与不整合之间关系的研究结果表明,地层水化学特征对不整合具有很好的响应。在遭受强烈抬升和剥蚀、之间形成不整合的奥陶系和志留系,以及紧靠不整合面附近的石炭系CⅢ油组,其地层水具有矿化度、Cl-含量、K Na 含量和r(Cl-Na)/rMg值相对较小,而HCO3-含量、rNa/rCl值和rSO42-×100/rCl值相对较大的特点,反映出地质历史时期大气降水的影响。在志留系与石炭系之间以及志留系与奥陶系之间的不整合面附近,地层水的矿化度、r(Cl-Na)/rMg值和B3 含量变小,而rNa/rCl值和rSO24-×100/rCl值变大,具有典型的遭受大气淋滤的地层水化学基本特征。     

Dissolved nitrous oxide (N2O) dynamics in agricultural field drains and headwater streams in an intensive arable catchment

Indirect nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions produced by nitrogen (N) leaching into surface water and groundwater bodies are poorly understood in comparison to direct N₂O emissions from soils. In this study, dissolved N₂O concentrations were measured weekly in both lowland headwater streams and subsurface agricultural field drain discharges over a 2‐year period (2013–2015) in an intensive arable catchment, Norfolk, UK. All field drain and stream water samples were found to have dissolved N₂O concentrations higher than the water–air equilibrium concentration, illustrating that all sites were acting as a net source of N₂O emissions to the atmosphere. Soil texture was found to significantly influence field drain N₂O dynamics, with mean concentrations from drains in clay loam soils (5.3 μg N L^?1) being greater than drains in sandy loam soils (4.0 μg N L^?1). Soil texture also impacted upon the relationships between field drain N₂O concentrations and other water quality parameters (pH, flow rate, and nitrate (NO₃) and nitrite (NO₂) concentrations), highlighting possible differences in N₂O production mechanisms in different soil types. Catchment antecedent moisture conditions influenced the storm event mobilisation of N₂O in both field drains and streams, with the greatest concentration increases recorded during precipitation events preceded by prolonged wet conditions. N₂O concentrations also varied seasonally, with the lowest mean concentrations typically occurring during the summer months (JJA). Nitrogen fertiliser application rates and different soil inversion regimes were found to have no effect on dissolved N₂O concentrations, whereas higher N₂O concentrations recorded in field drains under a winter cover crop compared to fallow fields revealed cover crops are an ineffective greenhouse gas emission mitigation strategy. Overall, this study highlights the complex interactions governing the dynamics of dissolved N₂O concentrations in field drains and headwater streams in a lowland intensive agricultural catchment.     

基于RT-Thread的波浪滑翔器控制系统设计与实现

波浪滑翔器是一种新型海洋无人自主航行器,拥有无污染、能耗低、续航时间长、航程远、生存能力强等诸多特点,已逐步成为国内外研究的热点。控制系统作为波浪滑翔器的重要组成部分之一,它的稳定与准确性直接影响着波浪滑翔器的航行性能尤其是走航和定点的控位精度。介绍了一种基于 RT-Thread 实时操作系统的波浪滑翔器控制系统设计,通过多次海上长时间连续试验表明,基于 RT-Thread 的波浪滑翔器控制系统具有良好的准确性和可靠性。     

华北大陆地壳─上地幔岩石学结构与演化

本文基于出露的前寒武纪变质岩系、中、新生代岩浆活动以及新生代玄武岩中上地幔包体的岩石学与地质压力计研究，结合地球物理测涤资料与高温高压下岩石中地震波传播速度的实验成果，提出了华北大陆三个地区（河北平原、太行－五台、鄂尔多斯）的地壳－上地幔岩石学结构，讨论了界面性质及其演化。在强调ｖ＿ｐ、ｖｂ、σ结构与岩石学结构共同约束的基础上，有效地识别了不同地区硅铝质陆壳在物质组成上的差异和上地幔低速层或矿物相转变等特征。本文提出壳－幔岩石学结构及其演化，密切地与陆壳主要形成时期的太古－早元古构造岩浆事件相关，又与显生宙构造岩浆事件对它的改造程度有关，壳－幔岩石学结构是我们追索大陆的构造性质及其演化的一个重要记录和科学依据。     

青藏高原对亚洲季风平均环流影响的数值试验

利用垂直方向具有９层σ面、水平方向菱形截断波数为１５的全球大气环流谱模式和有、无青藏高原大地形两种情况下１０年积分的模拟结果，研究了青藏高原大地形对亚洲季风平均环流的影响。结果表明：有、无青藏高原大地形，亚洲冬、夏季季风平均环流均存在很大的差异。去除地形，使夏季高层的南亚高压、低层的大陆热低压、副热带高压及冬季的大陆冷高压在位置或强度上发生了改变；地形的有、无决定着冬季东亚大槽的强度；索马里越赤道气流有地形时明显较无地形时强；地形的有无还影响着降水强度和雨带的分布。另外，副热带高压中心及雨带的季节性移动与高原大地形的存在与否亦有很大的关系     

黔东北寒武系牛蹄塘组沉积学特征及沉积环境演化

通过对黔东北松桃-江口地区寒武系牛蹄塘组调查研究及系统的样品控制,以岩石学、层序地层学、微量元素地球化学为技术手段,研究发现该组地层岩石主要为富含炭质细碎屑岩组合,沉积构造丰富,识别出该地层组为完整的三级层序,自下而上可进一步划分为盆地-大陆斜坡-深水陆棚相沉积。微量元素总体上富亲铜、亲铁元素,贫亲石元素;以V、Ni、Mo、Re、As、Cd、U元素丰度及U/Th、δU、V/(V+Ni)、V/Cr、Ni/Co比值指标证实研究区牛蹄塘组中下部沉积条件均位于氧化界以下,属于贫氧-厌氧还原环境,为区域上V、Mo等元素的超常富集提供必要条件,至本组上部为贫氧-弱氧化环境,划分出Ⅶ个氧化还原幕次,细化了研究区牛蹄塘组沉积环境条件及其演化特征。     

Geophysical constraints on mesozoic disruption of North China Craton by underplating‐triggered lower‐crust flow of the Archaean lithosphere

The mechanism of the disruption, both lithospheric thinning and oceanization of the commonly accepted long‐term‐stable Archaean craton, is still an open question. The available models, all imply a bottom to top process. With the construction of a 1660‐km‐long transect across the eastern North China Craton (NCC), we demonstrate that both the P‐wave velocity and density in the lowermost crust beneath the central section are significantly higher than in the corresponding parts of the south and north sections on the transect. These features are interpreted as geophysical signature of lower crustal underplating, which supplies sufficiently high gravitational potential energy to trigger lateral flow of the lower crust. This magma underplating‐triggered bilateral lower crust flow may facilitate the lithospheric thinning by means of asthenosphere upwelling and decompression melting, which infill the gap produced by the lower crust flow. The underplating‐triggered lower crustal flow can provide an alternative mechanism to explain the NCC lithosphere disruption, which highlights the crustal feedback to Archaean lithosphere disruption, from top to bottom.     

近30年我国气候变化的不稳定性及其与农业生产的关系

引入信息论中熵值分析方法，利用全国七大区１９６１－１９９０年的气象和产量资料，讨论了近年平均气温，最高气温，最低气温和降水量的熵值时空变化类型。详细分析了我国气候变化的不稳定性，在此基础上，定性讨论了气候波动与农业气象灾害的关系及其对农业产量的影响，并分区建立了产量与气象要素熵的回归模型。     

Comparison of short-term toxicity of 14 common phycotoxins (alone and in combination) to the survival of brine shrimp Artemia salina

Toxic harmful algal blooms(HABs) can cause deleterious effects in marine organisms, threatening the stability of marine ecosystems. It is well known that different strains, natural populations and growth conditions of the same toxic algal species may lead to different amount of phycotoxin production and the ensuing toxicity. To fully assess the ecological risk of toxic HABs, it is of great importance to investigate the toxic effects of phycotoxins in marine organisms. In this study, the short-te...