全文获取类型
收费全文 | 10545篇 |
免费 | 1832篇 |
国内免费 | 2392篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 588篇 |
大气科学 | 2362篇 |
地球物理 | 2696篇 |
地质学 | 5016篇 |
海洋学 | 1284篇 |
天文学 | 687篇 |
综合类 | 1025篇 |
自然地理 | 1111篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 38篇 |
2023年 | 177篇 |
2022年 | 400篇 |
2021年 | 470篇 |
2020年 | 387篇 |
2019年 | 453篇 |
2018年 | 470篇 |
2017年 | 463篇 |
2016年 | 579篇 |
2015年 | 459篇 |
2014年 | 600篇 |
2013年 | 554篇 |
2012年 | 528篇 |
2011年 | 534篇 |
2010年 | 633篇 |
2009年 | 533篇 |
2008年 | 527篇 |
2007年 | 491篇 |
2006年 | 374篇 |
2005年 | 378篇 |
2004年 | 290篇 |
2003年 | 303篇 |
2002年 | 277篇 |
2001年 | 334篇 |
2000年 | 343篇 |
1999年 | 539篇 |
1998年 | 477篇 |
1997年 | 432篇 |
1996年 | 444篇 |
1995年 | 377篇 |
1994年 | 317篇 |
1993年 | 310篇 |
1992年 | 255篇 |
1991年 | 201篇 |
1990年 | 160篇 |
1989年 | 130篇 |
1988年 | 131篇 |
1987年 | 66篇 |
1986年 | 61篇 |
1985年 | 46篇 |
1984年 | 32篇 |
1983年 | 24篇 |
1982年 | 37篇 |
1981年 | 32篇 |
1980年 | 22篇 |
1979年 | 20篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 9篇 |
1973年 | 5篇 |
1958年 | 18篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
The extraction of partition lines for long and narrow patches (LN patches) is an important yet difficult problem in the generalization of thematic data. When current methods are used to process polygons with irregular shapes or complex branch convergence zones, the extracted line structural features tend to be inaccurate and topologically erroneous. In this article, we propose an improved partition lines extraction algorithm of constrained Delaunay triangulation to counter these issues. The proposed method aims to maintain consistency between the extracted line structure characteristics and the actual object structure, especially for complex branch convergence zones. First, we describe three types of aggregation patterns (Type A, B, and C aggregation zones) that occur in partition line extractions for LN patches of complex branch convergence zones using Delaunay triangulation. Then, a partition line extraction algorithm that accounts for the direction between the edges of triangles and the distance of nodes in aggregation zones is proposed. Finally, we test our method for a dataset relating to Guizhou Province, China. Compared with the current method that uses quantitative indicators and visualization, the results indicate that our method not only has applicability for simple situations but also is superior for preserving structural features of complex branch convergence zones. 相似文献
92.
基于GPS基准网的GPS快速静态定位及动态定位方法 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
介绍基于GPS基准网进行GPS快速静态定位和动态定位的原理和方法。通过计算基准网改正数及其空间分布,利用内插方法求出用户站的模型误差改正数,不仅可以提高GPS整周模糊度的可靠性,而且能够大大改善GPS测量的精度。利用香港GPS基准网2001年3月的实测数据进行了解算,发现香港地区在该时间段内受强电离层活动的影响,采用常规GPS测量方法很难确定整周模糊度。利用传统的快速静态定位方法对香港GPS基准网其中一条边(9.2km) 24h的观测数据按每15min计算,模糊度确定的准确率仅为45%。采用基准网内插改正数后,仅利用L1的观测数据模糊度确定的准确率提高到100%。点位精度平面位置由2cm提高到5mm,高程精度由4cm提高到3cm。 相似文献
93.
地形引起的雷达辐射畸变及其校正 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:3
合成孔径雷达影像由于其侧视特点 ,存在着严重的地形引起的几何畸变及辐射畸变。辐射畸变不仅对 SAR辐射标定造成困难 ,而且严重影响了影像分类、土壤湿度信息提取、森林蓄积量信息提取等应用。本文将辐射畸变归结为面积效应和局部入射角效应 ,推导了散射面积归一化因子 ,以消除辐射畸变的面积效应。提出了一种以局部入射角的线性函数表达的后向散射模型 ,在此基础上 ,给出了消除局部入射角效应的校正函数。最后 ,以RADARSAT SAR影像进行地形辐射畸变校正的试验与分析 相似文献
94.
介绍了中巴地球资源卫星应用系统中 7个分系统的基本概况和数据处理系统的基本特点 ,还对星上三种传感器和高密度磁记录器的特点以及产品的生产能力和类型等进行了简单的描述。重点探索了中巴地球资源卫星遥感数据在资源、环境、灾害监测、各种数据库的建立与更新、遥感定量化等方面的应用前景展望。 相似文献
95.
96.
97.
Wen et al.'s odhed dewiogh to obtain wind-wave frequency spectrum in deep was used toderive the spectrum in finite depth water. The spedrum S(ω) (ω bein angular frequency) when normalizedwith the zeroth moment m and peak frequercyω。 contains in adrition to the peakness factor P=ω。S(ω。)/m。, a twth parameter n=(2πm。)_(1/2)d (d being water depPth), so the spatrum behavior can bestudies for different ware growth stages and water depths. 相似文献
98.
A series of experiments were done to reveal the overtopping breaching process of non-cohesive and cohesive levees in a U-bend flume. The flood hydrograph and breaching geometry were measured and analyzed in detail. The results show that the levee breaching processes can be briefly divided into four stages: slope erosion, longitudinal headward gully-cutting, lateral erosion, and relative stabilization. For non-cohesive levees, non-symmetrical lateral development of the breach occurs throughout the four stages, and the final non-symmetrical coefficient is approximately 2.2–2.6. Larger flow discharge or higher water level can accelerate the breaching process, while coarser sands tend to accelerate the process initially but depress the process at the end. The fluvial erosion rate of a non-cohesive breach shows a power-function relation with the excess wall shear stress. For cohesive levees, a plateau forms in the breach partially blocking the flow in the first two stages. The breach flow is approximately perpendicular to the levee body, and, thus, the erosion rates of the two breach sides are almost the same. Non-symmetrical lateral development mainly occurs in the third stage when the deep gully forms. The final non-symmetrical coefficient is approximately 2.7–3.3. It is expected that these findings can provide a valuable experimental dataset and a theoretical basis for breach closure and flood alleviation. 相似文献
99.
The Geothermal Study of the Mid-Segment of the Tancheng-Lujiang Fault Zone and Its Neighboring Region 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this paper,25 new terrestrial heat flow values newly observed along the mid-segment of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone are listed.With these geothermal data and 37 other terrestrial heat flow values(previously published),we describe the distribution features of terrestrial heat flows in the area.In this research,the two-dimensional temperature structure from the surface to lithospheric bottom of the Huaibei-Sixian-Jinhu profile is inferred by using the finite-element method and the temperature and heat flow of sedimentary,granitic,and basaltic layers is calculated. 相似文献
100.
Heterogeneous characteristics of streambed saturated hydraulic conductivity of the Touchet River,south eastern Washington,USA 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Randal Leek Joan Q. Wu Li Wang Timothy P. Hanrahan Michael E. Barber Hanxue Qiu 《水文研究》2009,23(8):1236-1246
Traditionally a streambed is treated as a layer of uniform thickness and low saturated hydraulic conductivity (K) in surface‐ and ground‐water studies. Recent findings have shown a high level of spatial heterogeneity within a streambed and such heterogeneity directly affects surface‐ and ground‐water exchange and can have ecological implications for biogeochemical transformations, nutrient cycling, organic matter decomposition, and reproduction of gravel spawning fish. In this study a detailed field investigation of K was conducted in two selected sites in Touchet River, a typical salmon spawning stream in arid south eastern Washington, USA. In‐stream slug tests were conducted to determine K following the Bouwer and Rice method. For the upper and lower sites, each 50 m long and 9 m wide and roughly 20 m apart, a sampling grid of 5 m longitudinally and 3 m transversely was used. The slug tests were performed for each horizontal coordinate at 0·3–0·45, 0·6–0·75, 0·9–1·05 and 1·2–1·35 m depth intervals unless a shallower impenetrable obstruction was encountered. Additionally, water levels were measured to obtain vertical hydraulic gradient (VHG) between each two adjacent depth intervals. Results indicated that K ranged over three orders of magnitude at both the upper and lower sites and differed between the two sites. At the upper site, K did not differ significantly among different depth intervals based on nonparametric statistical tests for mean, median, and empirical cumulative distribution, but the spatial pattern of K varied among different depth intervals. At the lower site, K for the 0·3–0·45 m depth interval differed statistically from those at other depth intervals, and no similar spatial pattern was found among different depth intervals. Zones of upward and downward water flow based on VHG also varied among different depth intervals, reflecting the complexities of the water flow regime. Detailed characterization of the streambed as attempted in this study should be helpful in providing information on spatial variations of streambed hydraulic properties as well as surface‐ and ground‐water interaction. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献