鄱阳湖乐安河流域水质监测优化布点

采用鄱阳湖乐安河流域13个监测断面1995-2002年8年的污染指标的监测平均值作为原始数据,应用物元分析法对各监测断面进行优化．在确定最佳和最次理想点的基础上,建立标准物元矩阵和节域物元矩阵,并结合综合关联函数,选出优化点位．同时应用相关分析中的距离分析和K-均值聚类法确定各监测点所属类别．综合这三种优化结果,最终确定乐安河流域可以由传统的13个监测点位优化为9个监测点位．     

Flexural performances of prestressed high strength concrete piles reinforced with hybrid GFRP and steel bars

Abstract

This study developed prestressed high-strength concrete (PHC) piles reinforced with high-strength materials (glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars) for flexural performance enhancement. Flexural strengths and behaviors of PHC piles reinforced with hybrid GFRP and steel bars were experimentally investigated, respectively. Large-scale specimens with total lengths of 12,000?mm and diameters of 600?mm were constructed and tested under bending, accompanied by evaluation of effects of non-prestressed reinforcement type and longitudinal reinforcement ratio. J-factors were calculated to evaluate deformability of all the specimens. PHC piles reinforced with GFRP bars were demonstrated to have much higher flexural capacity than those reinforced with steel bars. Moreover, strains at the midspans of cross sections of all the specimens basically conformed to the assumption of plane section. Failure of PHC piles reinforced with GFRP bars was attributable to gradual concrete crushing, while that of PHC piles reinforced with steel bars resulted from steel yielding. Results of this study were expected to provide theoretical basis for wide engineering applications of PHC piles reinforced with hybrid GFRP bars and steel bars in marine structures.     

基于地理国情数据的城区老工业区搬迁改造实施监测

基于国产高分辨率卫星影像和基础性地理国情监测数据,利用GIS技术分析了2013~2017年大渡口滨江老工业区搬迁改造实施的效果。结果表明,绿地面积呈增加趋势,增加量为1.28km^2,主要为天然草地;城市建设用地不断增加,用地性质日趋合理,其中工业用地、物流仓储用地和公共服务设施用地不断减少。空气质量总体较好,呈明显的季节性变化趋势。2017年空气质量优良天数为283d,说明搬迁改造工作成效显著。     

近海N_P营养盐的研究现状与进展

海洋中N、P等营养盐是海洋生态系统中的重要营养元素,是海洋生物生存和繁殖的能量来源.同时,营养盐又具有复杂多变的化学地质作用,使得近海生态环境中营养盐的研究一直是海洋研究的热点之一,对海水营养盐的研究历史几乎与海洋化学发展史同步.由于环境问题的日益突出,营养盐的研究成为目前海洋及相关科学研究项目中的核心内容之一.笔者通过回顾当今国内外近海环境营养盐调查研究的历史和综述当今国内外该学科的研究现状,概括了该学科的主要进展,并指出存在的问题和今后的发展方向.     

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Sequence analysis and quantitative detection of Norwalk-like viruses in cultured oysters of China

We isolated 4 Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs) contaminated oysters from 33 Chinese oysters collected from local commer-cial sources of Shandong Province. After amplification of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) region of NLVs genomes with RT-PCR, the open reading frame 1 (ORF1) of the RdRp was sequenced and subjected to multiple-sequence alignment. The re-suits showed that NLVs in the four isolates belong to genogroup Ⅱ. The sequence comparison showed that the similarity between four Chinese oyster isolates were higher than 99.0%, which indicated that NLVs prevalent in close areas have high homogeneity in genome sequences. In addition, the most conserved sequences between diverse NLVs were used to design primers and TaqMan probes, then the real-time quantitative PCR assay was performed. According to the standard curve of GII NLVs, the original amounts (copies) of NLVs in positive patient's fecal isolate, positive Japanese oyster isolate, and the Chinese oyster isolate were 8.9×108, 1.25×108 and 4.7×101 respectively. The detecting limit of NLVs was 1×101 copies. This study will be helpful for routine diagnosis of NLVs pathogens in foods and thus for avoiding food poisoning in the future.     

西施舌(Coelomactra antipuata)群体遗传多样性与分化的研究

采用不连续垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对广西北海、福建漳港和江苏启东3个西施舌自然群体的7个等位酶12个位点进行检测分析.结果表明,西施舌群体的遗传多样性较高,平均每位点等位基因数目(A)范围为1.5833-2.0000、平均每位点有效等位基因数目(Ae)范围为1.2850-1.5373、多态位点百分数(P)为33.33%、观察杂合度(Ho)为0.2389-0.3083、期望杂合度(He)为0.1496-0.2041之间.西施舌群体间有一定的遗传分化,遗传分化系数(FST)为0.0719,福建漳港群体与广西北海群体之间的FST为0.0413,但福建漳港群体和广西北海群体与江苏启东群体之间的FST为0.0505.     

Least Square Finite Element Method for Viscous Splitting of Unsteady Incompressible Navier–Stokes Equations

In order to solve unsteady incompressible Navier–Stokes(N–S) equations, a new stabilized finite element method,called the viscous-splitting least square FEM, is proposed. In the model, the N–S equations are split into diffusive and convective parts in each time step. The diffusive part is discretized by the backward difference method in time and discretized by the standard Galerkin method in space. The convective part is a first-order nonlinear equation.After the linearization of the nonlinear part by Newton's method, the convective part is also discretized by the backward difference method in time and discretized by least square scheme in space. C~0-type element can be used for interpolation of the velocity and pressure in the present model. Driven cavity flow and flow past a circular cylinder are conducted to validate the present model. Numerical results agree with previous numerical results, and the model has high accuracy and can be used to simulate problems with complex geometry.     

The use of automated coal petrography in determining maceral group composition and the reflectance of vitrinite

Using photometric and image analysis methods, a reasonable technique and procedure have been developed for the determination of maceral group composition and the reflectance of vitrinite. This procedure is introduced by an optimum method for seeking the interval values of each maceral group, i.e., from the “fingerprint” reflectance histogram, it seeks reasonable interval values and distribution values for vitrinite and other maceral groups. After checking and correction, these values can be put into a program and computerized. This method had advantages such as increased speed of analysis and reproducibility of the results.     

桩基承载力自平衡试验方法在昆明地区的应用研究

概述了自平衡法的基本原理,对云南某化工有限公司5×105t/a合成氨煤气化装置中的三根试桩采用自平衡新方法进行了桩基承载力测试,对测试数据进行了整理和分析。应用结果表明,测试取得较好的工程效果。