Characteristics,differences and main controlling factors of source rocks in the central‐southern South China Sea Basins

The South China Sea is rich in oil and gas resources. With the increasing exploration of oil and gas resources in the northern South China Sea and the increasing demand for energy in the world, The central‐southern South China Sea have become important constituencies for oil and gas resources. The central‐southern basins of South China Sea can be divided into three types of basin groups, namely, the southern basin group (Zengmu Basin, Brunei‐Sabah Basin), the western basin group (Wan'an Basin, Zhong jiannan Basin) and the Central Basin Group (Liyue Basin, Beikang Basin, Nanweixi Basin and Palawan Basin). At present, the degree of exploration is relatively low, and the source rock has not yet formed a understanding of the system. The main source rock development time, source rock characteristics, hydrocarbon generation potential and control factors of each basin group are still unclear, which seriously restricts the exploration of oil and gas. Based on the sedimentary facies distribution and sedimentary filling evolution, combined with the geoche mical characteristics of the source rocks, the source age, organic matter type, hydrocarbon generation potential and main controlling factors of the basins in the central‐southern basins are discussed. By the detailed research on delta scale, provenance system, paleoclimate conditions, ancient vegetation development and hydroca rbon generation parent material, the main controlling factors of hydrocarbon generation potential of source rocks in each basin group are revealed.     

A New Insight into the Influence of Composition of Fault Rocks on Aseismic and Seismic Fault Slip

正Objective Active faults can slip either slowly and continuously by aseismic creep, or abruptly by a seismic event. Both slip modes of faults are closely related to the composition of fault rocks. However, the actual materials resulting in differences of slip behavior remain uncertain. The Guanxian-Anxian fault(GAF) characterized by long-term aseismic creep and the Yingxiu-Beichuan fault(YBF)     

西藏拉萨地块盐湖石英闪长岩成因：锆石SHRIMP U- Pb年代学、地球化学及Sr- Nd- Pb- Hf同位素的制约

西藏阿里盐湖地区发育不同类型的火成岩,通常被认为形成于班公湖-怒江特提斯洋南向俯冲板片发生断离的构造背景。本文报道了盐湖石英闪长岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄,全岩地球化学以及Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf同位素数据。盐湖石英闪长岩的锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)U加权平均年龄为118.5±1.9Ma,属早白垩世晚期。石英闪长岩样品主量元素表现为富钠的钙碱性岩石系列,A/CNK值介于0.84～0.89之间,属准铝质。微量元素富集Rb、K、Th、U等大离子亲石元素(LILE)和轻稀土元素(LREE),强烈亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、P、Ti等高场强元素(HFSE)和重稀土元素(HREE),无明显的Eu异常(δEu=0.81～0.98),无白云母和碱性暗色矿物,属准铝质未分异的I型花岗岩。盐湖石英闪长岩的(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i值为0.7045～0.7048,ε_(Nd)(t)值介于+0.5～+2.1之间,ε_(Hf)(t)值介于+7.9～+13之间,Hf同位素模式年龄t_(DM2)变化于283～674Ma之间。基于同位素以及岩石地球化学数据,表明盐湖石英闪长岩很可能是具亏损地幔印记的新生下地壳在角闪岩相发生部分熔融作用形成的。结合本文以及区域上的研究资料,盐湖石英闪长岩的形成时代和岩石地球化学特征与盐湖复式岩体中的花岗岩存在较大差异,具较低的锆石饱和温度(596～614℃),表明该岩体的形成尚未受到幔源物质上涌带来的热作用影响,很可能形成于板片断离前,班公湖-怒江特提斯洋持续南向俯冲的板片发生折返,俯冲角度变陡的深俯冲背景。     

蚀变粗面岩中再平衡结构黑云母的电子探针分析

黑云母的化学成分中蕴含着重要的成因信息,对具有交代结构的黑云母进行微区成分分析,能够精细反映交代蚀变过程中元素迁移情况,为解决矿床形成机制方面的科学问题提供矿物学证据。本文以北大巴山平利地区蚀变粗面岩中具有再平衡结构的黑云母斑晶为研究对象,进行电子探针面扫描和剖面成分分析。结果表明,斑晶内部为岩浆成因黑云母,边缘为"扩散-反应"过程所致的再平衡成因黑云母。斑晶边缘与内部相比,TiO_2含量由平均5.78%降至2.22%,表明在交代蚀变过程中黑云母中Ti等高场强元素被淋滤出进入流体;而CaO含量由平均0.06%升至0.14%,F含量由平均0.60%升至0.80%,指示蚀变流体内富含Ca、F等组分。本研究揭示了粗面岩中铌矿床的形成与热液作用关系密切,成矿流体中Ca、F等组分在铌元素的迁移及富集过程中具有重要作用。     

华南板块西南缘中三叠统底部火山灰来源 ——以右江盆地者堡敢南一带凝灰岩为例

华南板块西南缘中三叠统底部普遍发育凝灰岩夹层,但对火山灰的来源存在不同认识。位于华南板块西南缘的右江盆地在早—中三叠世为连续海相沉积,较为完整的火山沉积记录为探讨火山灰的来源提供了基础。本文以右江盆地者堡敢南一带早、中三叠世之交凝灰岩为研究对象,在剖面测制基础上,对含凝灰岩层段灰岩进行生物地层分析,划分为4个牙形石带,分别为Neospathodus pakistanensis间隔带;Neospathodus waageni—N.abruptus组合带;Neospathodus homeri—N.triangularis组合带以及Chiosella timorensis间隔带,由此确定第17层凝灰岩为中三叠统底界凝灰岩。凝灰岩岩石学、地球化学分析结果显示为流纹质玻屑凝灰岩,属于亚碱性系列。稀土配分曲线显示为右倾轻稀土富集,明显的负Eu异常。大离子亲石元素(LILE)(Rb、U、Th和Ba等)富集和高场强元素(HFSE)(Nb、Ta、P和Ti等)亏损,整体表现出与弧相关的地球化学特征。在生物地层、同位素年代学对凝灰岩形成时代进行精确限定的基础上,通过华南板块西南缘中三叠统底界凝灰岩的区域分布、矿物组成、地球化学特征,结合右江盆地中—下三叠统火山岩层序特征进行详细对比分析,结果显示广西凭祥—十万大山一带火山岩是其主要来源。     

蔗渣生物质炭对喀斯特农田石灰性土壤氮转化过程的短期影响

生物质炭对于土壤中不同形态氮库的含量影响已有较多研究,但对西南喀斯特区石灰性土壤氮素形态,尤其是控制氮素形态的转化过程研究较为缺乏。本研究设置土壤中添加1%(C1)和3%(C2)蔗渣生物质炭2个用量水平,并以不施用蔗渣生物质炭作为对照(CK),共3个处理,通过 15 NH 4 NO 3 和NH^15 4 NO 3 成对标记技术,结合MCMC氮素转化模型研究了不同用量的蔗渣生物质炭对石灰性土壤氮转化过程的短期影响,为该地区蔗渣资源化利用和土壤氮保持提供理论支撑。结果表明,与CK相比,添加蔗渣生物质炭能够快速提高土壤pH和有机碳含量。添加生物质炭并没有显著改变土壤氮的矿化、铵态氮(NH^+ 4 )和硝态氮(NO^- 3 )的微生物同化和异养硝化速率,但NH^+ 4 吸附速率随生物质炭用量的增加而提高,以添加量最高的C2处理最大。添加生物质炭同样提高了土壤NH^+ 4 释放速率,但C1和C2处理的土壤NH^+ 4 释放速率并无显著性差异。与CK和C1处理相比,施用高量蔗渣生物质炭通过抑制自养硝化速率而显著降低了硝态氮净产生速率。这些结果表明,施用高量蔗渣生物质炭于石灰性土壤中可快速实现对NH^+ 4 吸附,降低自养硝化速率,减少NO^- 3 产生,从而降低了其损耗和淋失风险。     

Progress of Long-Chain Alkyl Diols in Marine Environmental Reconstruction

Long-chain alkyl diols contain an alkyl chain with alcohol groups at C1 and at the middle position of carbon chain, which exist widely in seas, rivers and lakes. It has been proven that these compounds are relatively resistant to degradation and have an extended occurrence in the geological record. In addition, they are relatively easy to identify. Therefore, long-chain alkyl diols can be used as potential biomarkers to trace the past change in paleoenvironment and paleoclimate. Although the sources of long-chain alkyl diols are still uncertain, the studies indicate that 1, 13 and 1, 15-diols are mainly produced by eustigmatophytes, while 14-diols are mainly from diatom Proboscia. So far, some proxies based on long-chain alkyl diols have been established to indicate the change in diatom productivity, upwelling intensity, salinity, sea surface temperature, riverine organic matter input and surface seawater nutrient concentration, which are significant for paleoenvironmental reconstruction. Current research and application of long-chain alkyl diols proxies were summarized, which would be helpful for further studying the source of long-chain alkyl diols and the application of relevant proxies in China’s marginal sea.