Formation Patterns of the Chemical Composition of Mine Waters in Eastern Donbas

This paper presents a summary of the quantitative substantiation for four main patterns relating to the changes in the chemical composition of mine waters in Eastern Donbas. The patterns and their origin and impact on the environment are characterized. This makes it possible to solve current practical and theoretical issues: to predict the main components of the environmental contamination, develop standards for treatment facilities, and forecast the transformation in the composition of surface waters, ground waters, and mine waters, and to solve successfully other ecological issues in Eastern Donbas.     

Low-Titanium Lamproites of the Ryabinoviy Massif (Aldan Shield): Crystallization Conditions and Lithospheric Source

Obtained data shows that high-potassic dyke rocks of the Ryabinoviy massif (Central Aldan) belong to low-titanium lamproite series (Mediterranean type) and are distinct with “classic” high-titanium lamproites. Based on Al-in-olivine thermometer, temperature of olivine–chrome-spinel pair crystallization varies in range between 1100 and 1250°C. This suggests lithospheric mantle source for the parental melt and makes role of mantle plume insignificant. High-precision data on olivine composition and bulk rock traceelement composition imply mixed source for the parental melt, consisted of depleted peridotite and enriched domains, originated during ancient subduction.     

Formation of Water-Bearing Defects in Olivine in the Presence of Water–Hydrocarbon Fluid at 6.3 GPa and 1200°C

The main trends of water dissolution in Fe-bearing olivine have been investigated in the olivine–H₂O–hydrocarbon fluid system in experiments at a pressure of 6.3 GPa, a temperature of 1200°C, and hydrogen fugacity ( fH₂) buffered by the Mo–MoO₂ equilibrium. The content and contribution of ОH defects of different types in Fe-bearing olivines depend on the composition of reduced fluids in the system. As the fraction of hydrocarbons in the fluid increases, the H₂O content in olivine crystals decreases from 900 to 160–180 ppm, while the ОН absorption peaks become lower at high frequencies and occupy a larger part of the infrared spectrum in the low-frequency region. According to the experimental results, even the deepest seated mantle olivines with OH defects were not equilibrated with a fluid rich in light alkanes or oxygenated hydrocarbons.     

Some Results of Oceanological Video Monitoring

The design features of an oceanological video-monitoring system created for operational research of coastal infrasonic wave processes are described. The results obtained confirm great opportunities for its use in fundamental and applied works in various seasons. The processing of the obtained experimental data has revealed the dynamics of the wave processes starting from wind waves to diurnal tides.

     

The Stress–Strain State of Recent Structures in the Northeastern Sector of the Russian Arctic Region

Doklady Earth Sciences - Complex research to determine the stress–strain state of the Earth’s crust and the types of seismotectonic destruction for the northeastern sector of the...     

The Paleoproterozoic Kolvitsa Anorthosite Massif: New Data on the U–Pb Age (ID TIMS) and Geochemical Features of Zircon

Doklady Earth Sciences - The rocks and minerals of the Kolvitsa massif are studied by complex isotopic–geochronological and geochemical (U–Pb, Sm–Nd, REE contents of zircons)...     

Observations of Near-Earth Optical Transients with the Lomonosov Space Observatory

The results of observations with the MASTER-SHOK robotic wide-field optical cameras onboard the Lomonosov Space Observatory carried out in 2016 are presented. In all, the automated transient detection system transmitted 22 181 images of moving objects with signal-to-noise ratios greater than 5 to the Earth. Approximately 84% of these images are identified with well-known artificial Earth satellites (including repeated images of the same satellite) and fragments of such satellites (space debris), according to databases of known satellites. The remaining 16% of the images are relate to uncatalogued objects. This first experience in optical space-based monitoring of near-Earth space demonstrates the high efficiency and great potential of using large-aperture cameras in space, based on the software and technology of the MASTER robotic optical complexes (the Mobile Astronomical System of TElescope- Robots (MASTER) global network of robotic telescopes of Lomonosov Moscow State University).     

The Role of Pressure as a Source of Gravity and Wormholes

The role of pressure as a source of gravity in general relativity is considered. In homogeneous, anisotropic cosmological models, the anisotropic pressure components along different coordinate axes are included as terms in the equations determining the accelerations along these axes; in this sense, this situation is similar to how the mass density is included in these equations. A change in the pressure component along one of the coordinates leads to an anisotropic change in the accelerations along all three coordinates. However, the pressure components are not present in the equation determining the initial conditions. On the other hand, with an inhomogeneous matter density distribution, the mass density and pressure play fundamentally different roles as sources of gravity. The consequences of this are considered.     

Diagnostic of a Solar Flare via Analyses of Emission in Spectral Lines of Highly Ionized Iron

An analysis of the dynamics of the electron temperature of the solar atmosphere in regions where solar flares appear is presented. The temperatures are estimated from the emission in spectral lines of ions with various degrees of ionization. The emission of ionized helium and highly ionized iron was used. Images of preflare states and of flares from the archive of the American SDO spacecraft are analyzed. A solar flare is usually preceded by the registration of a bright glowing structure above the action region, with a temperature exceeding that of the corona. This preflare structure (~10¹⁰ cm) is identified with the development of a system of currents, which, according to numerical simulations, is responsible for the accumulation of energy above the active region before the flare. After several tens of hours of a slow increase in the brightness of the preflare glow in the 94 Å iron (FeXVIII) line, the emission in the 193 Å line of FeXXIV increases sharply, indicating a flare-like growth of the temperature up to at least 20 MK. This growth of the emission coincides with the onset of the solar flare. The observed dynamics of the emission in spectral lines of highly ionized ions is consistent with an electrodynamic model of a solar flare based on the accumulation of magnetic energy in a current sheet above the active region and the explosive release of the stored energy. Studies of mechanisms for solar flares are of special importance in connection with the discovery of solar cosmic rays. Information from the worldwide network of neutron monitors and from the GOES spacecraft has made it possible to firmly state that the source of solar rays is solar flares, not shocks generated by such flares. It cannot be ruled out that a similar mechanism, not shocks, is also responsible for the acceleration of cosmic rays in the Galaxy.