Soil Respiration Dynamics and Influencing Factors in Typical Steppe of Inner Mongolia under Long-term Nitrogen Addition

We investigated soil respiration (Rs) dynamics and influencing factors under different nitrogen (N) addition levels (0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 g m^-2 yr^-1) on typical grassland plots in Inner Mongolia. We measured soil respiration, temperature, moisture and nutrients. We found that N addition did not change dynamic characteristics of Rs; daily and seasonal dynamics followed a single peak curve. N addition reduced Rs during the growing season. Rs under N2, N4, N8, N16 and N32 treatments decreased by 24.00%, 21.93%, 23.49%, 30.78% and 28.20% in the growing season, respectively, compared to the N0 treatment. However, Rs in the non-growing season was not different across treatments. Rs was significantly positively correlated with soil temperature and moisture and these two factors accounted for 72%-97% and 74%-82% of variation in Rs, respectively. The soil respiration temperature sensitivity (Q₁₀) was between 2.27 and 4.16 and N addition reduced Q₁₀ except in the N8 treatment.     

改进的最小曲率迭代法在重力剖面数据插值中的应用

基于将约束点也作为待解算结点的思想,对传统最小曲率迭代法进行改进。改进后的方法在待解算结点周围存在约束点时,避免了根据约束点与待解算结点之间的不同关系需要进行分类推导的复杂过程,同时也避免了因使用泰勒展开式进行分解造成的精度损失,提高了解算精度。     

对流层延迟与可降水量直接转换模型研究

采用线性回归和最小二乘法拟合建立无线电探空可降水量（RS-PWV）与GPS对流层延迟（GPS-ZTD）、地面温度及大气压之间的直接转换模型,并将直接转换模型得到的PWV分别与RS-PWV及GPS反演得到的可降水量（GPS-PWV）进行比较。结果表明,RS-PWV与GPS-ZTD之间存在良好的线性关系,相关系数达0.927 6;RS-PWV与4阶拟合温度和大气压呈现较好的相关性,相关系数分别为0.640 1和－0.626 3;基于ZTD的单阶单因子模型PWV与GPS-PWV的相关系数达到0.969 9;基于ZTD、温度及大气压的单阶多因子模型PWV比基于ZTD的单阶单因子模型PWV精度明显提高,RMS从4.3 mm提高到3.3 mm。     

辽宁省海洋服务新业态培育与法律保障研究

海洋服务业已成为海洋经济发展的重要引擎,"十三五"时期是辽宁省海洋经济加快转型升级的关键期,要求培育新动能、发展新模式。因此,培育海洋服务新业态对辽宁省海洋经济发展具有重要意义。文章针对辽宁海洋服务业发展滞后,规模偏小、区域发展不平衡,同质化严重、科技含量低,层次相对低下、与其他产业融合不足,资源整合较差等问题,提出培育海洋服务新业态重要路径为:积极发展四大产业,提高经济规模总量;优化产业区域布局,形成错位发展;提高科技含量,提升海洋服务业层次;促进海洋服务业与其他行业融合协调,提升资源整合度。法律保障措施为:完善法规体系、严格项目审批、提高执法水平、健全应急管理。     

基于支持向量机的GNSS时间序列预测

在深度学习的理论框架下,针对预测全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)时间序列,传统的经验风险最小化预测模型误差大精度低,泛化性能差且对历史数据的经验依赖大的问题.提出一种采用结构风险最小化原则的基于支持向量机(SVM)的时间序列预测模型.通过和多层的BP神经网络预测模型预测效果比较,结果证明SVM预测模型拥有更好的时间序列预测效果.     

基于加权破产博弈模型的跨境流域水资源分配研究

基于公平合理利用视角,将多准则决策模型与破产理论相结合探讨跨境水资源分配问题.通过梳理国际水法,设计了跨境流域水资源公平合理分配的指标体系,采用投影法解决这一多准则决策问题,并依此加权调整流域国用水需求.在加权调整用水需求和考虑议价能力的基础上,基于破产博弈模型探讨跨境流域水资源分配问题,以提高分配方案的公平合理性和可...     

Isolation and identification of bacteria associated with the surfaces of several algal species

We conducted this study to assess the diversity of bacteria associated with the surfaces of algae based on 16S rDNA sequence analyses.Twelve strains of bacteria were obtained from the surfaces of the following four species of algae:Gracilaria textorii,Ulva pertusa,Laminaria japonica,and Polysiphonia urceolata.The isolated strains of bacteria can be divided into two groups:Halomonas and Vibrio,in physiology,biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analyses.The phylogenetic tree constructed based on ...     

Surface sediment diatoms from the western Pacific marginal seas and their correlation to environmental variables

Diatom data of 192 surface sediment samples from the marginal seas in the western Pacific together with modern summer and winter sea surface temperature and salinity data were analyzed.The results of canonical correspondence analysis show that summer sea-surface salinity(SSS) is highly positively correlated with winter SSS and so is summer sea-surface temperature(SST) with winter SST.The correlations between SSSs and SSTs are less positively correlated,which may be due to interactions of regional current pa...     

Improvement of Urban Impervious Surface Estimation in Shanghai Using Landsat7 ETM＋ Data

This paper explores the potential to improve the impervious surface estimation accuracy using a multi-stage approach on the basis of vegetation-impervious surface-soil (V-I-S) model. In the first stage of Spectral Mixture Analysis (SMA) process, pixel purity index, a quantitative index for defining endmember quality, and a 3-dimensional endmember selection method were applied to refining endmembers. In the second stage, instead of obtaining impervious surface fraction by adding high and low albedo fractions directly, a linear regression model was built between impervious surface and high/low albedo using a random sampling method. The urban impervious surface distribution in the urban central area of Shanghai was predicted by the linear regression model. Estimation accuracy of spectral mixture analysis and impervious surface fraction were assessed using root mean square (RMS) and color aerial photography respectively. In comparison with three different research methods, this improved estimation method has a higher overall accuracy than traditional Linear Spectral Mixture Analysis (LSMA) method and the normalized SMA model both in root mean square error (RMSE) and standard error (SE). However, the model has a tendency to overestimate the impervious surface distribution. Foundation item: Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40701177)     

The protoliths to the sillimanite gneisses from the Larsemann Hills and geological implication in their formation

The source rock from which the sillimanite gneisses derive mainly was the biotite plagioclase gneiss in the Larsemann Hills. It is the deformation-metamorphism process under special pressure and temperature condition, not the original rock compositions, that controls the presence of sillimanite. To a great degree, the sillimanite gneiss was the mixture of the detaining materials of the migrating felsic melt from the bt-plagioclase gneiss that underwent partial melting and the relics when the melt was removed. In sillimanitization the original rock had been changed substantially in chemical composition. The related metamorphism process severely deviated from the isochemical series, the process was of, therefore, an open system. In addition, the Al2O3 contents of the original rock was an important, but not critical factor for the formation of sillimanite, i.e., the sillimanite-bearing rock need not be of aluminum rich in composition, and vise contrarily, the aluminum rock may not produce sillimanite. The authors of the present paper postulate that the source rock from which the aluminum rich rock derives need not be of aluminum rich, but sillimanitization is generally the Al2O3 increasing process. The aluminum rich sediments such as clay or shale need not correspond directly to sillimanite-rich gneisses. No argillaceous rock present equals to sillimanite-rich gneiss in chemical composition. The protoliths to the sillimanite gneisses from the Larsemann Hills, east Antarctica, and their adjacent area may be pelite, shale greywacke, sub-greywacke, quartz sandstone and quartz-tourmalinite. If correct, the conclusion will be of significant implication for the determination of the sillimanite gneiss formation process and the reconstruction of the protolith setting.