汉诺坝大麻坪低εNd中性麻粒岩包体单颗粒锆石U-Pb年代学研究

利用 LA-ICPMS对采集自汉诺坝大麻坪玄武岩中的两个 143Nd/144Nd比值最低[εNd(0)=-26.8～-29.5]的中性麻粒岩包体的单颗粒锆石 U-Pb年代学进行了研究,获得了 2 444 Ma和 2 494 Ma的上交点年龄和 88 Ma的下交点年龄,反映它们是新太古代形成的受到中生代岩浆底侵-热变质作用影响的下地壳麻粒岩.这些包体与周坝玄武岩中～1.9 Ga的长英质麻粒岩包体共同确证了华北克拉通北缘目前的下地壳中仍然残留有前寒武纪下地壳岩石.结合区域构造演化历史和 DMP-70的层状堆晶特征,推断其原岩形成于～2.5 Ga岩浆底侵事件.     

云南昭通毛坪铅锌矿床成矿物质来源的新证据--NE向断裂构造岩微量元素R型因子分析结果

R型因子分析可通过研究地质变量在时间和空间上的组合、变化和分布特征而形成地质概念,并恢复地质过程,指示物质来源.在研究云南昭通毛坪铅锌矿床地质特征的基础上,分别对矿区910和846中段Ⅱ、Ⅲ号矿带NE向断裂构造岩微量元素进行了R型因子分析,提出成矿物质来源的新证据.在时间上,指示了主要成矿期次为沉积成岩期和热液成矿期,热液期又划分为黄铁矿-闪锌矿阶段、闪锌矿阶段、闪锌矿-方铅矿阶段和碳酸盐-黄铁矿矿化4个成矿阶段;在成矿物质来源上,锌来源于赋矿地层(C1b和C2w)和外来成矿流体,铅主要由外来成矿流体带入.     

Sino‐Kharosthi and Sino‐Brahmi coins from the silk road of western China identified with stylistic and mineralogical evidence

Three coins of the Khotan horse, or Sino‐Kharosthi, style from Xinjiang province of China were recently obtained from a coin dealer. Because the archaeological context of these coins remains unknown, we conducted chemical and stylistic analyses to help determine their authenticity. Energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) and wavelength dispersive X‐ray (WDX or microprobe) measurements indicate that they are red (pure) copper and bronze coins, with one coin containing 4.2% Ag. Metal content and the presence of secondary minerals formed through weathering indicate that these are authentic ancient coins that were buried in a dry environment. All three coins bear Chinese characters; one shows Kharosthi, and two display Brahmi, a popular language in Khotan from A.D. 260 to 282. This indicates that the Sino‐Brahmi coins were made slightly later than the Sino‐Kharosthi coins, which were made before A.D. 260. These specimens represent the first Sino‐Brahmi coin and 20‐zhu coin ever reported in the literature. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

An elastoplastic damage constitutive model for concrete

An elastoplastic damage constitutive model to simulate nonlinear behavior of concrete is presented. Similar to traditional plastic theory, the irreversible deformation is modeled in effective stress space. In order to better describe different stiffness degradation mechanisms of concrete under tensile and compressive loading conditions, two damage variables, i.e., tension and compression are introduced, to quantitatively evaluate the degree of deterioration of concrete structure. The rate dependent behavior is taken into account, and this model is derived firmly in the framework of irreversible thermodynamics. Fully implicit backward-Euler algorithm is suggested to perform constitutive integration. Numerical results of the model accord well with the test results for specimens under uniaxial tension and compression, biaxial loading and triaxial loading. Failure processes of double-edge-notched (DEN) specimen are also simulated to further validate the proposed model.     

Role of piles in mitigating the movement of pipes in soft grounds during embankment loading

Abstract

Pipes buried in soft ground can be damaged due to the vertical and lateral movement of the ground during the construction of the embankment. To investigate such a movement of the soft ground, full-scale tests using embankment piles and stabilizing piles were conducted for 70?days. A pile-supported embankment has been used to reduce the deformation of soft ground by transferring the embankment load through piles to the firm layer below the soft ground, whereas stabilizing piles have been employed to resist the lateral earth pressure that is induced in soft ground by embankment loads. The Coupling Area (CA), which was defined as the quantitative index to determine the resistance effect of both settlement and lateral flow of the soft ground when the embankment was reinforced, is adapted. The analysis results of the CA indicate that the piled embankment was more effective for preventing the damage to buried pipe installed near the embankment, while the stabilizing piles had almost the same effect as the piled embankment when the pipe was buried far away from the embankment.     

Estimation of Land Subsidence Based on Groundwater Flow Model

This article presents an approach for estimating land subsidence due to withdrawal of groundwater. The proposed method calculates the groundwater seepage in 3-D-condition and calculates the land subsidence one-dimensionally. The governing equation on groundwater seepage is based on the three-dimensional mass conservation law and the principle of effective stress. The land subsidence calculation method is derived based on the following assumptions: (1) displacements occur only in the vertical direction, and (2) in vertical direction the total stresses do not change. The governing equation is solved by numerical method, i.e., finite element method (FEM) in spatial discretization and finite difference method (FDM) in time series discretization. In FEM Galerkin method is adopted and in FDM, lumped matrix method is employed. The proposed method is calibrated via analyzing 1-D consolidation problem and the results are compared with those from Terzaghi's one-dimensional consolidation theory and oedometer test. The proposed method is employed to analyze the consolidation of a soft layer due to withdrawal of groundwater from an aquifer under it. Moreover, this method is also applied to a field case of land subsidence due to groundwater pumping in a gas production field in Japan. The analytical results are compared with the field observed data. The results show that this approach simulates the field case well.     

逆数据域表面多次波压制方法

基于波动方程压制表面多次波的反馈迭代方法,推导出压制表面多次波的逆数据域方法。该方法利用了一次波和表面多次波在逆数据域的可分离性质。含表面多次波的地震数据变换到逆数据域后,表面多次波的能量在逆数据域形成能量聚焦区域,可通过简单切除能量聚焦区域的信号实现表面多次波压制,避免了基于波动方程预测减去方法中的自适应相减过程,完全损伤不到一次波的能量。单道地震记录和合成炮数据模型试算表明：逆数据域多次被压制方法简单易行,可有效压制表面多次波,并保持一次波振幅不受损失。与常规的基于波动方程的表面多次被压制方法（SRME方法）对比表明,逆数据域方法能更好地应对有效波和多次波同相轴相交的情况。     

桂林会仙岩溶湿地典型水生植物δ13C特征与固碳量估算

为促进目前岩溶碳汇稳定性和速率等科学问题的深入研究,在分析桂林会仙岩溶湿地主要水生植物碳同位素的基础上,利用基于碳酸酐酶活性与植物碳同位素值显著正相关的二端元模型,估算了不同植物利用光合作用固定HCO3-的比例。结果表明,湿地核心区沉水植物光合作用固定HCO3-碳量在4.86~64.73 tC/（a?km2）之间,挺水植物为15.68~453.01 tC/（a?km2）,平均值为76.74 tC/（a?km2）。按平均值计算会仙湿地水生植物光合作用固定HCO3-碳量为4 466.27 tC/a,即在会仙湿地岩溶地下河补给的HCO3-中约47 %被水生植物光合作用固定。水生植物光合作用固碳效果明显,是碳汇研究中不容忽视的一个十分重要的问题。      

日光温室电暖风机加温效果评估与经济投入分析

日光温室加温是改善冬季日光温室作物生长温度环境的主要措施之一。选择典型节能型日光温室,利用暖风机加温试验研究加温方式作用下温室内温度时间、空间变化以及在极端天气条件下和不同外界温度条件下的加温效果,并进行经济投入分析。结果表明：电暖风机加温后温室内温度明显提高且温度分布较均匀,平均温度较对照温室高4.23 ℃,其中平均最低温度提升效果最明显;低温天气时,平均温度比对照温室温度高4.24 ℃;寡照天气时,平均温度比对照温室温度高4.48 ℃。暖风机在外界温度-12 ~-4 ℃时对温室进行加温的效果最佳。通过对几种传统的温室加温方式经济投入的分析表明,电暖风机是一种投资小,耗能低,经济效益相对较高的加温方式。     

基于EMD的云南东川蒋家沟泥石流年输沙量多时间尺度分析

基于经验模态分解(EMD)方法,对云南东川蒋家沟泥石流1965年至2004年40年的年输沙量时间序列进行多时间尺度分析,该时间序列分解成3个本征模函数(IMF)分量和趋势项(Res)分量。分析表明：蒋家沟泥石流的年输沙量存在多尺度的周期性波动,分别是2~4 a、6~10 a和17~21 a的准周期。通过对各IMF分量和Res趋势项分析发现,自1985年之后,波动的振幅开始变大,表明蒋家沟泥石流的年输沙量变化很大。降雨对蒋家沟泥石流的年输沙量及周期性波动有一定程度的影响。人类活动改变环境的同时,也为蒋家沟泥石流提供固体物质来源,这使得蒋家沟泥石流的年输沙量周期性波动变得更加复杂。