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71.
以广西电网直调水电厂所处的西江流域为研究对象,基于GIS技术,在对西江流域面雨量监测区域基础信息处理基础上,采用比较分析方法,开展分流域面雨量计算方法研究,结果表明:(1)以1:5万数字高程模型为数据基础,针对西江流域河网、自动气象站、水电站等分布特点,结合水系、等高线特征,沿水系分水岭对西江流域干流进行精细化分区,为分流域面雨量计算提供基础参数;(2)对分流域面雨量采用算术平均法与泰森多边形法计算,结果为两种方法计算结果偏差较小,取算术平均法为流域分区面雨量计算方法;(3)逐小时处理、计算面雨量实时数据,实现西江流域面雨量的实时监测与预警服务。 相似文献
72.
Xiaodan Wang Zhong Zhong Jianwen Liu Linlin Qi 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2012,109(1-2):283-303
A complete picture of changes in climate extremes has been presented for Shanxi Province, China using data from all 61 available stations. The results reveal large spatial coherence of trends for the majority of extremes, especially for temperature extremes. Significant and symmetric increasing trends of the annual mean maximum and mean minimum temperatures (TXam, TNam) are detected over the past 50 years. Significant positive trends are detected for warm days and nights (TX90p, TN90p), the highest and lowest maximum and minimum temperatures (TXx, TXn, TNx, TNn), and the growing season length (GSL). Significant negative trends are revealed for cold days and nights (TX10p, TN10p) and frost days (FD). Significant decreases are found in the number of heavy precipitation days (R10mm) and wet day precipitation (PRCPTOT). Although Shanxi and the northern half of North China Plain (NNCP) have been grouped into the North China region and assessed together in previous studies for China, the changes in climate extremes in the NNCP have some pronounced differences in comparison with Shanxi. Noticeably, the increase of the TNam is at a rate nearly three times that of the TXam during 1959–2008 over the NNCP. The warming for the nighttime indices TN90p, TN10p, TNx, and TNn is stronger, but the warming for the daytime indices TX10p, TX90p, and TXx is weaker in the NNCP. There is no significant decrease for R10mm and PRCPTOT in the NNCP. 相似文献
73.
利用地面降水观测资料、国家气象信息中心研发的4种降水融合产品(FAST_5 km、FRT_5 km、RT_1 km、NRT_1 km),采用误差分析、偏差分析、正确率、TS评分等方法,对其在四川盆地西部的适用性进行分析,并选取2020年8月10—11日一次极端暴雨过程进行详细评估。结果表明:融合格点降水资料与实况较为一致,且1 km产品更接近实况。极端暴雨过程中,对于过程累积雨量,4种融合格点降水资料均能很好地反映此次降水过程,降水落区、走向和雨带形态均与实况较为一致。1 km产品的强度和落区都更接近实况,其中以NRT_1 km与实况的匹配度最高,偏差更小。融合格点降水资料存在24 h雨量极大值比实况偏小的情况,1 km产品的极值较5 km产品有很大提升。融合格点降水资料的小时最大降水量低于实况,存在一定的偏差量。强降水时段,融合降水资料与实况偏差不大,能够反映降水的大值区。总体上看,三源融合实况格点产品效果优于二源融合实况格点产品,其中融合了CMORPH和FY 2种卫星资料的近实时三源融合实况格点产品最优。 相似文献
74.
Y. Zhong G. H. Miller B. L. Otto-Bliesner M. M. Holland D. A. Bailey D. P. Schneider A. Geirsdottir 《Climate Dynamics》2011,37(11-12):2373-2387
Northern Hemisphere summer cooling through the Holocene is largely driven by the steady decrease in summer insolation tied to the precession of the equinoxes. However, centennial-scale climate departures, such as the Little Ice Age, must be caused by other forcings, most likely explosive volcanism and changes in solar irradiance. Stratospheric volcanic aerosols have the stronger forcing, but their short residence time likely precludes a lasting climate impact from a single eruption. Decadally paced explosive volcanism may produce a greater climate impact because the long response time of ocean surface waters allows for a cumulative decrease in sea-surface temperatures that exceeds that of any single eruption. Here we use a global climate model to evaluate the potential long-term climate impacts from four decadally paced large tropical eruptions. Direct forcing results in a rapid expansion of Arctic Ocean sea ice that persists throughout the eruption period. The expanded sea ice increases the flux of sea ice exported to the northern North Atlantic long enough that it reduces the convective warming of surface waters in the subpolar North Atlantic. In two of our four simulations the cooler surface waters being advected into the Arctic Ocean reduced the rate of basal sea-ice melt in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic Ocean, allowing sea ice to remain in an expanded state for?>?100 model years after volcanic aerosols were removed from the stratosphere. In these simulations the coupled sea ice-ocean mechanism maintains the strong positive feedbacks of an expanded Arctic Ocean sea ice cover, allowing the initial cooling related to the direct effect of volcanic aerosols to be perpetuated, potentially resulting in a centennial-scale or longer change of state in Arctic climate. The fact that the sea ice-ocean mechanism was not established in two of our four simulations suggests that a long-term sea ice response to volcanic forcing is sensitive to the stability of the seawater column, wind, and ocean currents in the North Atlantic during the eruptions. 相似文献
75.
Coupling effect diagnoses of quasi-stationary mesoscale vortex in Guangxi rainstorm process of China
The mesoscale weather system which affected the Guangxi flash-flood-producing rainstorm of China in June 2008 is a quasi-stationary mesoscale vortex. Its genesis and development is closely related to the coupling effects of weather systems in different scales and different latitudes. On the one hand, the coupling of synoptic scale high- and low-level jets provides the environmental conditions for development of vortices and vertical circulations in the mesoscale vortex; On the other hand, the coupling of waves in mid-latitude westerlies and perturbations in low-latitude warm-moist flow under the influence of complex terrain makes the mesoscale vortex circulations strengthened. With the piecewise potential vorticity (PV) inversion method, PV anomalies in different regions are analyzed; also the vortex-vortex interactions and vortex-background flow interactions are diagnosed. Thus, the reasons why the mesoscale is quasi-stationary at first, while developing and deepening later are indicated. Under the condition of coupling effects, the vertical motions accompanied with the mesoscale vortex can be diagnosed with the PV-ω inversion system based on the analysis of quasi-balanced flow. 相似文献
76.
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78.
Journal of Geographical Sciences - To understand the non-equilibrium morphological adjustment of a river in response to environmental changes, it is essential to (i) accurately identify how past... 相似文献
79.
从欠发达地区区域低碳创新能力的内涵界定出发,将其评价对象分解为5类认同度较高的一级指标,并确立29个二级指标.选择国内部分欠发达省份作为实证分析对象,利用因子分析法建立评价模型,对其区域低碳创新能力进行定量评价和比较.在此基础上,就如何提升欠发达地区的区域低碳创新能力,从构建低碳产业和能源体系、建立“碳交易”市场机制、完善区域创新服务平台、多元化投融资体系4个方面提出对策建议. 相似文献
80.
在某些实验中,由于样品来源的有限性,导致样品数量有限,因而有必要探讨少量样品中主次元素的测定方法。X射线荧光光谱法具有样品制备简单、分析速度快、重现性好、测量范围宽和多元素同时进行分析的特点,目前在众多领域中得到了广泛的应用。基于回归曲线法、经验系数法和康普顿散射线内标法求取了各待测元素的工作曲线常数、元素间效应的影响系数和谱重叠系数,并对4 g(32 mm内径,常规)和1 g(10 mm内径,少量)样品测量的精密度和准确度进行了比较分析。结果表明,4 g(32 mm内径,常规)样品测量平均精密度约为1%,1 g(10 mm内径,少量)样品的平均精密度约为3%。测定结果基本能够满足覆盖区多目标地球化学调查样品的质量要求。 相似文献