气候变化对通辽市北部草原产草量的影响分析

巴雅尔吐胡硕牧业观测站对通辽市北部典型草原区具有较好的代表性。分析该站1960—2007年的气温、降水量、日照时数和21年的牧草干草产量可以较好地了解该地区的气候变化、牧草单产变化以及牧草单产与气象条件的关系。结果表明,48年来通辽市北部草原气温显著上升,日照时数明显增加,降水量有所减少,目前是气温最高、日照最多、降水最少时期。牧草单产处于不断减少过程中,而且与光、温、水关系密切,三者匹配得好,牧草产量就高,否则产量就低。     

Protective efficacy evaluation of immunogenic protein AHA_3793 of Aeromonas hydrophila as vaccine candidate for largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - Aeromonas hydrophila is a Gram-negative pathogen that can infect various fish, including largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), which have caused huge...     

水库水体近红外反射峰与叶绿素含量之间的关系初探

2007年8月至2008年9月,对厦门两个淡水水体(芙蓉湖、厦大水库)的叶绿素浓度和遥感反射率(Rrs)进行了连续观测.在叶绿素浓度6-322mg/m3的范围,Rrs光谱出现显著的近红外反射峰,中心位置在700-710nm之间,较之通常的荧光峰中心(683nm)向长波方向偏离.该峰在厦大水库始终出现在700nm,但在芙蓉湖存在时间变化,随着叶绿素浓度的增加,由705红移到710nm.由此,仿MODIS荧光高度(FLH)的定义,定义该峰的高度(简写为REH),对于水库和美蓉湖中心波段分别确定为700和710nm.REH与叶绿素浓度呈现显著相关,美蓉湖REH=0.0161g(chl)-7.8×10-6(R2=0.79,n=41),水库REH=0.0001chl+0.0002(R2=0.74,n=32).可见对十高散射的淡水藻华水体,可以并且需要通过改进FLH的波段选择,基于更长波段处的近红外峰的高度探测叶绿素浓度.     

小应变硬化土模型参数的确定与敏感性分析

地下工程施工引起的土体扰动区可分为剧烈扰动区、扰动区、微扰动区和未扰动区。为全面反映土体在扰动下的应力路径和力学响应,必须考虑全应变范围的土体特性,尤其是小应变范围内的力学响应,因此对小应变硬化土本构模型关键参数(初始剪切模量和剪应变阀值)的确定方法进行介绍。开展上海典型软土的三轴固结排水剪切试验和固结试验研究,给出确定上海软土小应变硬化土模型(HSSmall)参数的方法,建议采用原位测试的方法确定土体的初始弹性模量。基于土单元数值模拟进行初始弹性模量和剪应变阀值的参数敏感性分析。随着初始弹性模量的增大,初始压缩曲线与卸载-再压缩曲线的斜率均增大。由于对应的回弹模量不变,初始弹性模量与回弹模量的差值增大,应变与偏应力试验曲线的回滞环宽度也随之增大。随着剪应变阀值的增大,初始压缩曲线和再压缩曲线的近似直线段增长,在同样剪应力情况下,土体的应变值减小,土体保持初始弹性模量刚度的区间增大。     

Numerical modeling of global seismic phases and its application in seismic phase identification

Earthquake data include informative seismic phases that require identification for imaging the Earth's structural interior. In order to identify the phases, we created a numerical method to calculate the traveltimes and raypaths by a shooting technique based upon the IASP91 Earth model, and it can calculate the traveltimes and raypaths for not only the seismic phases in the traditional traveltime tables such as IASP91, AK135, but also some phases such as pPcP, pPKIKP, and PPPPP. It is not necessary for this method to mesh the Earth model, and the results from the numerical modeling and its application show that the absolute differences between the calculated and theoretical traveltimes from the ISAP91 tables are less than 0.1 s. Thus, it is simple in manipulation and fast in computation, and can provide a reliable theoretical prediction for the identification of a seismic phase within the acquired earthquake data.     

基于CART模型的鄱阳湖草滩苔草分布与水位波动要素关系

水位波动对鄱阳湖草滩湿地的形成与分布至关重要,但不同要素对湿地植物种的具体影响不尽相同.本研究以湿地优势植被苔草群落为研究对象,通过环湖区样带设置和植被调查得到较大尺度上的苔草分布数据,以不同水文站水文数据结合湖区DEM插值得出各样点水位波动要素数据：年内最大水位差R,年内淹没出露频次F,年平均水位M,最长淹没的出露日期D,年内总出露时间T,用CART模型进行分析.结果表明：1）影响鄱阳湖区草滩湿地苔草群落分布的最直接的水位波动要素为T和R;2）年内总出露时间大于84天（T ≥ 4.619）,年极差水位大于11.3 m（R ≥ 10.41）时,苔草群落的综合分布情况最佳.进一步探讨认为：其他水位波动要素未能被CART模型选为分类依据,可能是因为彼此之间存在相关性;高程决定植被分布,实际上是多种水位波动要素综合影响的结果,精度要求不高时,可以用高程替代水位波动各要素进行简略分析.本研究相关结论可以为鄱阳湖控湖工程今后的运行,提供一定的参考,以维持草滩湿地生态系统的稳定,更好地实现其生态价值.     

高分五号高光谱影像的关联对齐域适应与分类

高分五号(GF-5)搭载的高光谱传感器兼顾宽覆盖和高分辨率的特性,但在实际应用中宽覆盖范围内各种地物类别的标注十分困难。当标记样本很少甚至没有标记样本时,遥感图像分类异常困难。此时,可以采用域适应方法,借助已标记的历史数据(源域)实现对未标记数据(目标域)的分类。本文提出了一种基于稀疏矩阵变换的关联对齐域适应分类算法。首先,利用稀疏矩阵变换估计源域和目标域的协方差矩阵;然后,运用协方差关联对齐方法估计源域到目标域的变换矩阵;接着,运用估计得到的变换矩阵将源域数据进行变换,使得其与目标域对齐;最后,在变换后的源域数据上建立分类器,实现对目标域数据的分类。本文的算法在两个真实的GF-5高光谱数据集上进行了验证。实验结果表明,本文算法要优于常用的子空间对齐算法和关联对齐算法。特别地,在黄河口GF-5数据上,本文算法比原始关联对齐方法的最近邻分类准确率提升了3.5%,支持向量机分类准确率提升了2.3%。     

A computational framework to predict the water‐leakage pressure of segmental joints in underwater shield tunnels using an advanced finite element method

The construction of shield tunnels under riverbeds and seabeds has considerably increased over the past decades. Due to the ultra‐high water head, water leakage through tunnel joints is a major concern during a tunnel's service life. One practical solution to prevent groundwater penetration is to implement ethylene‐propylene‐diene‐monomer gaskets at the segmental joints. However, numerical simulation of fluid pressure penetration into rubber materials remains a challenging problem in computational mechanics. Severe mesh distortions can occur due to large deformation. Consequently, a convergent solution is difficult to achieve. This paper presents an Abaqus‐based numerical framework to solve the previously mentioned problem using the implicit finite element solver. The key aspects of this framework are twofold: (1) a remesh and re‐map algorithm to overcome the excessive mesh distortion, and (2) simulation of fluid penetration into the contact interface of the gaskets to reproduce the water‐leakage process at the tunnel joints. The proposed framework is first tested to simulate the gasket‐in‐groove mechanical behavior and is then validated using experimental data and the solution produced by an explicit finite element solver. The developed framework is then adopted to predict the water‐leakage pressure at gasketed tunnel joints to illustrate the practical applications. Finally, the numerical results are compared with experimental data to demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of the proposed method and confirm its superiority and effectiveness over existing methods. This novel method can be used by tunnel designers to analyze and estimate the waterproof behavior of gasketed joints in shield tunnels without performing extensive experimental testing works.     

基于模型确认的附着黏滞阻尼器门式刚架地震易损性分析

为研究基于有限元模型确认的门式刚架结构的地震易损性,依据功率谱法对一实测门式刚架结构在环境激励下的时程响应数据进行时频转换,提取结构特征值作为有限元模型确认的目标函数,通过复形法多次迭代,更新有限元模型结构。对确认后的有限元模型进行增量动力分析,得到结构地震易损性曲线,并进一步基于β分布构建震害指数表达式,绘制震害优化比曲线,分析附着黏滞阻尼器结构的抗震性能。结果表明：有限元模型确认理论可减小结构参数不确定性带来的误差,使有限元模型结构性能状态贴近真实结构;附着黏滞阻尼器结构相比初始结构有更好的抗震表现,结构的抗震能力可提升约30%。     

贵州涟江惠水段河流阶地特征与地貌演化研究

贵州涟江惠水段级次清晰的四级阶地是流域地貌阶段性演化的直观记录。笔者等利用差分GPS测量法精确厘定了涟江阶地的级序和高程,结合剖面观测发现从上游到下游,涟江惠水段阶地标高和级差逐渐降低,地貌面整体呈“收拢”趋势;阶地沉积物呈现砾石层厚度变小,砾石含量降低、砾径减小,砂质沉积占比增大趋势;阶地类型从基座阶地为主向堆积阶地为主演变。光释光(OSL)测年显示,T1阶地埋藏年龄31.2±2.0 ka BP到14.7±1.3 ka BP,T2阶地122.4±8.5 ka BP到66.9±3.8 ka BP,阶地年龄与贵州高原其他流域十分相近,具有同步演化特征。结合阶地时代和发育特征,认为贵州高原河流阶地是构造运动的产物。涟江四级阶地记录了在更新世以来四次构造抬升背景下,流域经过多期自北向南“削高补低”的地貌改造,逐步由构造洼地演变为山间盆地的地貌过程。