基于改进的经验模态分解和SSA联合算法的GPS坐标时间序列重构

基于ICEEMDAN算法无需先验信息即可准确分离和提取低频信号与趋势信息的特性,以及SSA具有较好的信号重构优势,提出基于ICEEMDAN和SSA的联合重构方法。该方法将弱周期信号利用ICEEMDAN方法进行提取与重构,可弥补SSA方法中当弱周期信号对应的Hankel矩阵的奇异值和噪声Hankel矩阵的奇异值接近时容易被噪声掩盖而难以提取的不足。通过模拟实验和真实站点数据验证该算法分解和重构精度,并与奇异谱分析法、小波分解法、滑动最小二乘法进行比较。实验结果表明,ICEEMDAN-SSA联合算法相对于已有方法具有更好的重构精度。     

滇西北宁蒗地区树扎—树劳河一带华力西期基性喷出岩系含矿性研究

研究区华力西期基性喷出岩系具明显的旋回性和韵律性，属滨－浅海相喷发－沉积环境。随着区内华力西期基性岩浆演化分异作用的进行，其含矿性呈现递增的变化规律。第Ⅲ、Ⅳ旋回玄武岩系是区内重要的矿源层和赋矿层位。     

Contemporary hydrodynamics and morphological change of a microtidal estuary: a numerical modelling study

Contemporary hydrodynamics and morphological change are examined in a shallow microtidal estuary, located on a wave-dominated coast (Port Stephens, NSW, Australia). Process-based numerical modelling is undertaken by combining modules for hydrodynamics, waves, sediment transport and bathymetry updates. Model results suggest that the complex estuarine bathymetry and geometry give rise to spatial variations in the tidal currents and a marked asymmetry between ebb and flood flows. Sediment transport paths correspond with tidal asymmetry patterns. The SE storms significantly enhance the quantities of sediment transport, while locally generated waves by the westerly strong winds also are capable of causing sediment entrainment and contribute to the delta morphological change. The wave/wind-induced currents are not uniform with flow over shoals driven in the same direction as waves/winds while a reverse flow occurring in the adjacent channel. The conceptual sediment transport model developed in this study shows flood-directed transport occurs on the flood ramp while ebb-directed net transport occurs in the tidal channels and at the estuary entrance. Accretion of the intertidal sand shoals and deepening of tidal channels, as revealed by the model, suggest that sediment-infilling becomes advanced, which may lead to an ebb-dominated estuary. It is likely that a switch from flood- to ebb-dominance occurs during the estuary evolution, and the present-day estuary acts as a sediment source rather than sediment sink to the coastal system. This is conflictive to the expectation drawn from the estuarine morphology; however, it is consistent with previous research suggesting that, in an infilling estuary, an increase in build-up of intertidal flats/shoals can eventually shift an estuary towards ebb dominance. Thus, field data are needed to validate the result presented here, and further study is required to investigate a variety of estuaries in the Australian area.     

黄茅海河口潮波的传播特征与机理研究

黄茅海位处珠三角的西南,潮波自外海向陆的传播过程中,潮差和潮波性质都发生复杂的变化,对其传播过程及背后机理的研究具有重要的理论和实际意义。采用环境流体动力学(Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code, EFDC)模型,通过不同时段的观测资料对模型进行良好验证后,分析了枯季和洪季时潮波在河口内传播过程中的潮差变化、水位与流速的相位关系的变化情况,探讨了合山水闸的存在以及黄茅海与珠三角河网的相互作用对河口潮波的影响, 结果表明地形变化、摩擦力作用、入射波与反射波的叠加是造成潮波沿程变化的主要原因,合山水闸形成的反射波影响范围可达上百千米,而黄茅海与珠三角河网的相互作用减小了河口的潮差。珠三角的磨刀门河口与伶仃洋—虎门—广州河口的潮波传播表现出与黄茅海河口的不同特征。     

Coseismic vertical deformation of the MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake from repeated levelings and its constraint on listric fault geometry

The devastating M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake ruptured two large parallel thrust faults along the middle segment of the Longmenshan thrust belt. Preseismic and postseismic leveling data indicated the hanging wall of the YingxiuBeichuan-Nanba thrust fault mainly presented coseismic uplift with respect to the reference point at Pingwu county town, and the observed maximum uplift of 4.7 m is located at Beichuan county (Qushan town) which is about 100 m west of the fault scarp. The foot wall of the Yingxiu-Beichuan-Nanba thrust fault mainly showed subsidence with maximum subsidence of 0.6 m near the rupture. By employing a listric dislocation model, we found that the fault geometry model of exponential dip angle δ= 88°?×1-exp(-9/h) with depth of 18 km and uniform thrust-slip of 5.6 m could fit the observed coseismic vertical deformation very well, which verifies the listric thrust model of the Longmenshan orogenic zone.

     

Variable Chandler and Annual Wobbles in Earth’s Polar Motion During 1900–2015

The Chandler wobble (CW) and annual wobble (AW) are the two main components of polar motion, which are difficult to separate because of their very close periods. In the light of Fourier dictionary and basis pursuit method, a Fourier basis pursuit (FBP) spectrum is developed, which can reduce spectral smearing and leakage caused by the finite length of the time series. Further, a band-pass filtering method based on FBP spectrum (FBPBPF), which can effectively suppress the edge effect, is proposed in this paper. The simulation test results show that the FBPBPF method can effectively suppress the edge effect caused by spectral smearing and leakage and that its reconstruction accuracy at the boundary is approximately three times higher than the Fourier transform band-pass filtering method, which is based on Hamming windowed FFT spectrum, in extracting quasi-harmonic signals. The FBPBPF method is then applied to Earth’s polar motion data during 1900–2015. Through analyzing the amplitude and period variations of CW and AW, and calculating the eccentricity variation of the AW, we found that: (1) the amplitude of the CW is currently at a historic minimum level, and it is even possible to diminish further until a complete stop; and (2) the eccentricity of the AW has a gradually decreased fluctuation during the last 116 years.     

沙漠化遥感监测与定量评价研究综述

土地沙漠化是当今世界最为严重的环境-社会-经济问题之一,遥感技术以其宏观性、综合性、获取信息量大、时间周期短等优势,已成为沙漠化监测与定量评价的重要数据来源和技术手段。本文阐述了国内外运用遥感技术监测与评价沙漠化研究进展,归纳总结了几种常用的定量指标（FVC/NPP、RUE、Albedo、LST、土壤湿度等）和沙漠化信息定量提取方法（专题指数提取法、ANN、混合像元分析法、决策树分类法等）。分析指出目前沙漠化遥感监测与评价指标体系不完善、尺度效应以及沙漠化信息提取方法方面的研究不足,并提出开展沙漠化多指标、多尺度综合监测与评价研究是未来的发展趋势之一。     

川南五峰组-龙马溪组页岩流体活动及压力演化过程

流体活动及压力演化对于页岩气的富集或改造具有重要指示意义.以川南五峰组?龙马溪组页岩为研究对象,基于岩心和显微岩相学观察、流体包裹体分析测试、盆地数值模拟等方法,研究流体活动及压力演化过程.结果表明:川南五峰组?龙马溪组页岩脉体充填的矿物主要为方解石及部分石英,脉体矿物中捕获了丰富的有机包裹体,见到发黄色、蓝色荧光的气...     

页岩残留气定量方法及其地质意义

本研究设计并制造了一套可在真空条件下粉碎页岩样品并释放其中残留气的装置,该装置的粉碎系统与富集模块和气相色谱联用后,可实现残留气的有机、无机气体化学成分定量分析;同时,封存在玻璃管内的另一部分残留气可进一步开展稳定碳同位素分析,从而获得页岩残留气完整的化学成分和碳同位素组成特征。利用混合标准气体标定该装置,烃类和无机气体浓度与气相色谱响应相关系数达0.999,表明仪器状态稳定,残留气定量数据准确可信。使用不同露头页岩样品（贵州习水县下志留统龙马溪组、南京幕府山下寒武统牛蹄塘组和延安上三叠统延长组）检测该装置,页岩残留气量和碳同位素测试结果平行性良好,表明该装置系统可用于分析页岩残留气。对川南钻井龙马溪组样品残留气的测试结果表明：龙马溪组页岩残留气化学成分主要为CO₂和N₂等无机气体,烃类组分以CH₄为主,C₂H₆及更高碳数烃类含量极少;其甲烷碳同位素值为-38.1‰~-33.9‰,均值为-35.8‰,该甲烷碳同位素值与已发表的同地区页岩生产气非常接近,表明了二者的同源性,川南页岩气田中的页岩气来源于龙马溪组,符合页岩气的严格定义。此外,本研究还对宜昌地区浅钻五峰组和龙马溪组页岩开展了残留气分析,结果表明：残留烃气量与总有机碳质量分数、碳酸盐岩质量分数成呈弱正相关关系,与DFT（密度泛函理论）比表面积和BJH（Barrett-Joyner-Halenda）孔体积呈负相关关系,分析认为残留气并不是简单地以吸附或游离形式存在,而是封存于封闭孔中的极少量烃类和无机气体。     

向家坝水电站库区某滑坡滑带土的残余强度试验研究

利用DTA-138型环剪仪对向家坝水电站库区某滑坡滑带土重塑样开展了大位移剪切条件下的环剪试验,探讨了剪切速 率（小于100 mm/min）、细粒（<0.075 mm）含量对残余强度的影响,对比分析了原状样滑面和重塑样剪切面的细粒含量变化以 及微观结构差异。研究结果表明：滑带土的原状样滑面细粒含量高于滑带,重塑样剪切面细粒含量高于剪切面上下区域;当剪 切速率由0.109 mm/min增大到98mm/min时,残余强度应力比的变化呈现先减后增的凹型,在1.09 mm/min时达到最小值（重塑 样Rr-1#,Rr-4#,Rr-5#残余强度应力比最小值分别为0.34,0.42,0.39）;残余强度随细粒含量的增加先增大后减小,呈二次多项 式关系,其临界值约为56%;随着细粒含量的增加,残余强度变化幅度随法向应力的增加而增大。