我国北方干旱逐月变化特征分析

用1950～2000年我国629个站逐月降水资料,采用Z指数作为旱涝等级划分标准,把各地的旱涝情况划分成7个等级,把长江以北主要农业区格点化后．以各格点中达到干旱站点的多少为权重,求出格点中干旱发生的面积。通过对51年的资料分析,发现我国北方区干旱面积在不同月份有其不同的变化特征。其中1、2、4、7、8、9、11、12月八个月的干旱面积有不断扩大的趋势,3、5、10三个月的干旱面积处于平均状态,6月份的干旱面积有减少的趋势。     

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????????????丽???????????α?????????????????,??Okada??????????????????????2001??11??14??????8.1??????????λ????????????α??????????????????1??????8.1???????????????????????????????????????λ??????????????40 mm?????2??????????????????????GPS?????????????????????????????????????????     

东北出现低温阴雨多省区遭强对流袭击

2009年6月主要气候特点:气温较常年同期偏高,降水较常年同期偏少.全国平均气温为20.1℃,较常年同期偏高0.6℃.浙江6月平均气温为历史同期最高值,上海、江苏、青海、宁夏、甘肃均为次高值.全国平均降水量为90.5mm,较常年同期偏少6.5mm.黑龙江6月平均降水量为1951年以来历史同期最大值;江西、西藏6月平均降水量均为1951年以来历史同期次少值.     

论扬子地区上奥陶统五峰组观音桥段的深海成因

通过对沉积速率与现代深海沉积速率的比较及古生态学、生物古地理学、海平面变化以及沉积特征综合的分析 ,认为观音桥段形成于深海环境中 ,且属深海等深流沉积。奥陶 -志留系之交广泛发生的高频火山事件可能是生物灭绝的主要和直接原因 ,而火山事件、铱和碳同位素异常事件与志留纪初期缺氧事件在奥陶 -志留系之交的耦合作用可能是 H irnantia- Dalmanitina动物群的灭绝的主要原因。     

SVM和ANN方法在铜川盛夏暴雨预报中的对比试验

分析了运城市1964年～2003年自然降水的变化趋势和季节分布特征,发现年降水量以14m m/10a速率快速递减,春、夏、秋季的降水处于减少的趋势中,冬季没有明显的变化趋势。年降水的不断减少及其在不同季节的分布特征对该市冬小麦生产十分不利。     

Response of sediment dynamics in the York River Estuary,USA to tropical cyclone Isabel of 2003

Tropical Cyclone Isabel of 2003 generated large storm surge, strong waves, and subsequent river flooding in the York River Estuary, USA during its passage across the Chesapeake Bay region. A 3D model was used to investigate the changes of sediment concentration, sediment flux, and the recovery time of the York River Estuary to its naturally evolved condition without the storm. The results showed that two sediment concentration peaks appeared during the storm event. The first one was induced by the large upstream flow and waves during the storm surge rising period, and the later one was caused by the strong downstream flow during the descent of the storm surge. The advection, which was induced by the barotropic gradient, dominated the sediment flux during the storm event. The sediment fluxes increased by a factor of 100 during the rise and descent of the storm surge. A large amount of sediment that was transported into the estuary and eroded from the seabed during the rising of the storm surge was quickly transported out of the estuary during the descent of the storm surge. Waves played a key role in stirring the seabed and increasing the sediment concentration during the storm. Subsequent high freshwater inflow changed the sediment loading and hydrodynamics in the estuary, and thus, influenced the estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM) dynamics profoundly. The ETM moved downstream with the river flooding initially and returned upstream with the waning of river flooding and the re-establishment of gravitational circulation. The effect of river flooding on sediment concentration varied spatially and depended on the changes of ETM locations and vertical mixing. The model results suggest that a large amount of sediment was transported out of the estuary during the storm event and the subsequent river flooding had a larger impact on recovery time of the estuary.     

改进利用蚁群规则挖掘算法进行遥感影像分类

基于ant-miner算法,提出改进蚁群规则挖掘算法.首先,从信息素浓度增加项、信息素挥发系数两方面,改进信息素浓度更新策略;其次,在算法求解中,引入变异算子,有效加快进化过程,缩短计算时间,获得较好的分类规则.以长沙市城区2006年TM影像为试验数据,在分类试验中对算法进行了验证.结果表明,相对于ant-miner和决策树方法而言,改进蚁群规则挖掘算法能挖掘出规则数目更少、形式更简单的分类规则,同时缩短计算时间,从而能够提高分类精度和效率.     

中国季风边缘区全新世沙地演化及其驱动机制研究进展

中国季风边缘区全新世沙地演化和气候变化自东向西具有明显差异性。东部科尔沁沙地、中部毛乌素沙地呈现典型三段式沙地演化过程,西部共和盆地呈现多阶段多反复的沙地演化特征。东部科尔沁沙地、中部毛乌素沙地气候变化也呈现三段式,西部共和盆地由于地域特征气候变化相对复杂。全新世气候突变事件对各区产生差异影响。太阳辐射强度控制的亚洲季风环流和有效湿度变化影响沙地演化过程。     

山东半岛城市群主要城市辐射能力研究

山东半岛城市群是山东省城镇最密集、生产力最活跃的区域,其作为山东经济发展的龙脊对周围城市的发展具有强劲的辐射带动作用。通过对山东半岛城市群主要城市的城市流强度与结构分析,从城市流视角探讨了半岛城市群对外服务功能空间分布特征。在此基础上利用威尔逊模型计算得到了主要城市的辐射影响区域,提出了提升城市辐射力及优化城市群发展的对策建议。     

深部矿井地应力场分布规律及其在冲击地压预测中的 应用

以徐州张小楼矿井埋深1200m深部采区为例,在区域地应力场宏观分析基础上,用AE法测试了采区不同深度岩层地应力值,采用软岩地应力估算方法估算了不同岩层中地应力值大小;采用数值模拟法,对采区深部地应力场进行了反演计算。在此基础上,测试分析了主采煤层冲击倾向性指标,评价了深部开采冲击地压危险性并进行了预测分区。研究成果对指导该矿井深部安全生产具有重要意义,对我国其他深部矿井开采冲击地压预测预报具有普遍指导意义。