Distribution of uranium isotopes in the main channel of Yellow river (Huanghe), China

Uranium isotopes were measured in waters and suspended particulate matters (SPM) of the main channel of Yellow River, China that were sampled during four field trips between August 2005 and July 2006. The results show that the concentration of dissolved U (2.04–7.83 μg/l) and the activity ratio of ²³⁴U/²³⁸U (1.36–1.67) are much higher than the average U concentrations and activity ratios of global major rivers. Mass balance calculations using the results of simulated experiments and measurement data show that the section of the Yellow River between Lanzhou and Sanmenxia has its dissolved U derived from two sources: suspended sediments (68%) and groundwater/runoff from loess deposits (32%). Both sources are related to the heavy erosion of the Chinese Loess Plateau.     

Ground motion attenuation relations of small and moderate earthquakes in Sichuan region

On the basis of 10 935 broadband velocity records of 135 earthquakes (ML3.0-6.4 and epicentral distance of 26-623 km) occurred from May 12 to June 10 in 2008, which are collected from 27 bedrock stations included in Sichuan Earthquake Monitoring Network, the corresponding acceleration records are obtained by a real-time simulation method. Then by regression analysis on the data, the relation between the peak ground acceleration and velocity attenuation of small and moderate bedrock earthquakes occurred in S...     

桩承式加筋路堤的现场试验及数值分析

对一桩体面积置换率为8.7 %的低置换率桩承式加筋路堤进行了现场试验及三维有限元分析。现场主要进行了桩、土荷载分担,孔压、沉降及侧向水平变形等内容的观测。将观测数据与常规设计方法及三维有限元分析结果进行了对比研究,在此基础上对设计方法的适用性进行了分析。研究结果表明,路堤填土的土拱效应造成荷载向桩体转移,这种荷载转移大幅度减小了在软土层中产生的超孔隙水压力。当填土高度大于2.5 m时,土拱效应的应力折减系数可用Russell和Pierpoint或Hewlett和Randolph提出的土拱效应分析方法进行计算,其结果与三维有限元分析也较相符,但在路堤高度较小时,只有Russell和Pierpoint方法与实测结果相接近。路堤施工过程中,实测的水平变形与沉降之比仅为0.2左右,这表明采用桩承式加筋路堤不仅可减小沉降,而且可减小水平向的变形,提高路堤的稳定性。     

盐岩油气储库介质地质力学模型相似材料的研制

以江苏金坛盐岩地下油气储库为示范工程,以精铁粉、重晶石粉、石英砂、一级松香和医用酒精为原料,根据相似原理以及金坛盐岩油气储库地层中盐岩、泥岩和盐岩夹层的实测物理力学参数,开展了各种配比条件下材料的单轴压缩、三轴压缩、直剪和巴西劈裂试验,通过原岩和模型材料的重度、泊松比、弹性模量、抗压强度、抗拉强度、黏聚力、内摩擦角等基本物理力学参数以及相应变形特征和强度破坏特性的对比分析,研制出基本满足相似条件要求的盐岩油气储库介质（盐岩、泥岩和盐岩夹层）的地质力学模型相似材料,为开展盐岩地下油气储库运营的变形与失效破坏地质力学模型试验提供了可靠的材料保证。     

公路隧道局部塌方洞段的围岩稳定性评价

结合某公路隧道工程,以现场地质调查和监测资料为基础,在结构面发育且可能发生大规模塌方的围岩洞段,根据现场实际统计的优势结构面产状,采用关键块体理论、非连续变形方法（DDA）首先确定围岩主要的失稳破坏模式,然后运用连续介质分析程序FLAC,在DDA方法确定的围岩实际变形破坏塌方形态的基础上进行计算分析,评价围岩的整体稳定性及加固措施的有效性。分析表明,围岩破坏的主要模式为受结构面控制的局部块体的失稳,工程开挖后围岩不会发生大变形,这与实际情况基本一致,为安全施工提供了保证。采用非连续变形方法和连续介质计算相结合的分析方法对隧道工程塌方稳定性进行研究,取得了较好的效果,研究方法和经验可为类似工程参考并借鉴。     

PCC桩负摩阻力作用机理初探

负摩阻力问题广泛存在于桩基工程中。PCC桩（现浇混凝土薄壁管桩）技术是河海大学自主研发的新型地基加固处理技术,而目前对PCC桩负摩阻力研究成果较少。结合以往研究实心桩的成果和PCC桩自身的特点,基于太沙基固结理论,探讨了PCC桩负摩阻力作用机理。研究表明,在PCC桩内部不产生负摩阻力,可以用原有方法计算外部负摩阻力,推导出其将在今后试验进一步验证。     

孔底后压浆法在北京燕山石化公司丁基橡胶基础桩工程中的应用

介绍孔底后压浆法在燕化丁基橡胶桩基工程中施工、试验情况和该工艺的应用前景     

中国西北干旱内陆河流域分布式出山径流模型

In order to predict the futuristic runoff under global warming, and to approach to the effects of vegetation on the ecological environment of the inland river mountainous watershed of Northwest China, the authors use the routine hydrometric data to create a distributed monthly model with some conceptual parameters, coupled with GIS and RS tools and data. The model takes sub-basin as the minimal confluent unit, divides the main soils of the basin into 3 layers, and identifies the vegetation types as forest and pasture. The data used in the model are precipitation, air temperature, runoff, soil weight water content, soil depth, soil bulk density, soil porosity, land cover,etc. The model holds that if the water amount is greater than the water content capacity, there will be surface runoff. The actual evaporation is proportional to the product of the potential evaporation and soil volume water content. The studied basin is Heihe mainstream mountainous basin, with a drainage area of 10,009 km^2. The data used in this simulation are from Jan. 1980 to Dec. 1995, and the first 10 years‘ data are used to simulate, while the last 5 years‘ data are used to calibrate. For the simulation process, the Nash-Sutcliffe Equation, Balance Error and Explained Variance is 0.8681,5.4008 and 0.8718 respectively, while for the calibration process, 0.8799, -0.5974 and 0.8800 respectively. The model results show that the futuristic runoff of Heihe river basin will increase a little. The snowmelt, glacier meltwater and the evaportranspiration will increase. The air temperature increment will make the permanent snow and glacier area diminish, and the snowline will rise. The vegetation, especially the forest in Heihe mountainous watershed, could lead to the evapoWanspimtion decrease of the watershed, adjust the runoff orocess, and increase the soil water content.     

用T—矩阵法分析降水粒子在微波段下的ZDR特性

本文采用Ｔ－矩阵方法从理论计算的角度分析了在Ｘ、Ｃ和Ｓ波段下不同轴此,大小和相态的扁椭球降水粒子的差反射率因子ＺＤＲ,对为三种波长的双偏振雷达实际动用提出了更合理的解释,得到若干有用的结论,文中还对Ｔ－矩阵方法的准确性进行地评价。     

Fresh snow chemistry from high mountain regions in central himalayas

Investigations of atmospheric composition in the Himalayas has been limited in both temporal and spatial scales, mainly due to difficult logistics. Ideal sites for monitoring atmospheric composition and its evolution should be free from local pollution and representative of the remote troposphere (HUEBERT et al., 1980). As the Himalayas are far removed from highly industrialized regions they provide suitable locations to monitor the chemistry of the remote troposphere and to study the evolu…