THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL ORGANIC CARBON RESERVES IN LONGYAN AREA,FUJIAN PROVINCE,AND THEIR IMPACTING FACTORS

基于福建龙岩地区多目标区域地球化学调查所获得大量高精度和高密度有机碳数据,通过单位土壤碳储量计算方法,分别采用母质类型、地貌类型、生态系统、土地利用类型及土壤类型5种方式,按照0～1.4m,0～1.0m和0～0.2m等3种不同深度来初步探讨福建龙岩地区土壤有机碳储量特征及其影响因素.结果表明,不同类型土壤区的有机碳储量分布存在不均匀性,平均碳密度均存在较大差异,这可能不仅与成土母质、土壤理化性状(如土壤结构、质地、化学成分、土温等)、系统差异(如历史演变、稳定性等)等内在因素有关,还有可能与气候环境条件、海拔高度、水土流失程度、土壤微生物活动强度、植被状况(如植被类型、植被发育等)以及人类活动影响等外在因素有关.得出福建龙岩地区不同深度的有机碳储量:0～0.2m为89254953.05t,0～1.0m为283746254.26t和0 ～1.4m为347294329.32t;不同深度的平均碳密度:0～0.2m为3980.33 t/km2,0～1.0m为12653.69 t/km2和0～1.4m为15487.62 t/km2,高于全国典型地区平均水平,显示出福建龙岩地区具较高的碳储量、较强的碳储能力和良好的碳富集环境.     

Reduction of phosphorus release from high phosphorus soil by red mud

The high phosphorus levels cause the release of phosphorus from soils, thereby increasing the potential for phosphorus export to adjacent water bodies. The loss of phosphorus from soils to surface waters is a major source of water quality impairment. Therefore, soil phosphorus immobilization seems necessary. In this study, red mud (RM) was employed to immobilize phosphorus in a typical agricultural soil. It was found that phosphorus was effectively immobilized by RM. Batch leaching experiments showed that RM reduced phosphorus release from 14.38 to 2.56 mg/kg when soil was amended with 1% RM. Column leaching experiments showed that RM reduced the total amount of phosphorus released from 36.73 to 18.79 mg/kg during the investigated period. Sequential chemical extraction results indicated that RM amendment transformed H₂O-P into more stable fractions. The results suggested that application of RM amendment to soils could significantly immobilize soluble phosphorus, reducing phosphorus release to the environment.     

半方差函数与Moran’s I在土壤微量元素空间分布研究中的应用——以寿光市为例

利用半方差函数与Moran’s I两种空间分析方法,研究了山东省寿光市土壤中微量元素的空间分布特征,以探讨不同空间分析方法的差异性与准确性。结果表明,无论表层土壤还是深层土壤,半方差函数分析得到的土壤微量元素的空间相关距离大约为20~60 km,而空间自相关图获得的正自相关距离为20~25km,负自相关距离为25~55 km。除深层土壤中的Zn元素外,其他元素均达到了显著的自相关水平。空间自相关方法对土壤微量元素空间相关性的判断要优于半方差函数法。     

基于国产数码像机的航摄与高分辨率正射影像生产初探

近年来,数字摄影测量技术飞速发展,数码航空摄影以其明显的优势越来越广泛地应用于生产实践中。以某正射影像图制作项目为例,介绍采用国产数码航空摄影像机生产高分辨率正射影像图的技术方案和作业流程。该方法可以减少摄影成本,降低外业像控测量的劳动强度,提高空中三角测量的精度,缩短制作工期。     

宁夏地区中小地震震源参数的研究

利用宁夏及邻区的数字测震资料,选取2009年5月至2010年10月间的31个M2.7-ML4.9地震事件的波形记录,以Brune提出的震源谱为平方模型基础,通过消除观测谱中的几何扩散、非弹性衰减、场地响应、仪器响应等影响因素,得到这些地震的震源谱,根据Brune的圆盘震源模型计算并研究地震矩、矩震级、地震应力降、震源尺...     

廊固凹陷的三维精细地质结构

本文通过三维地震资料建立了廊固凹陷的三维精细地质结构.通过重建三维地质结构,可以更为直观的显示其真实地质结构形态.对廊固凹陷三维地质结构的分析表明,认为廊固凹陷新生代以来经历多期构造活动,形成了上、中、下3个构造层:下构造层为孔店组—沙四段,为裂陷初始期沉积;中构造层为沙三段—东营组,为强烈裂陷期沉积;上构造层为明化镇组—馆陶组,为坳陷期沉积.每个构造层的构造变形不相同.廊固凹陷构造比较复杂,根据规模及活动强烈程度可将其分为3级:Ⅰ级为控凹断层—大兴断层;Ⅱ级为控带断层,主要有桐柏镇断层、河西务断层以及旧州断层;Ⅲ级为控藏断层包括琥珀营、王居、杨税务、刘其营、半截河等断层.根据一级、二级断层,可以将廊固凹陷分为5个构造带与一个洼槽.     

传统农业地区能值生态足迹分析——以贵州省从江县为例

传统农业生态系统正面临着来自现代化发展及其带来的技术经济变革的严重威胁,在一些传统农业地区现代农业替代传统农业已经引发了严重的生态环境问题。生态足迹,作为可持续发展评价的方法之一,由于无法全面衡量人类活动对生态系统造成的各种影响,因此无法揭示传统农业地区真实的生态环境状况,也无法给出科学合理的可持续发展评价。能值生态足迹是对传统生态足迹的一种改进,试图利用能值分析理论的优点囊括人类利用生态系统产品和服务的各种活动。然而,目前能值生态足迹研究往往受到传统生态足迹理论的局限,无法真正将人类消费的各种资源、产品和服务纳入进来。为此,本文将生态系统服务概念引入能值生态足迹理论框架中,进一步改进和完善了能值生态足迹模型,使之能够全面衡量人类活动的生态环境影响。本文利用改进的能值生态足迹模型,以我国传统农业地区贵州省从江县为例,开展生态环境状况评估和可持续发展评价。结果表明,从江县2007年人均能值生态承载力为9.3311 ha,人均能值生态足迹为14.5638 ha,人均能值生态赤字为5.2327 ha。可见,从江县的生态承载力仅能满足当地居民消费总需求的64%,当地处于不可持续发展状态,生态环境状况不容乐观。这与传统生态足迹的评价结果差异十分显著。传统生态足迹评价结果显示,从江县的生态承载力不仅能够满足当地居民的消费需求而且有少量生态盈余。进一步分析显示,从江县居民对生态系统的污染物吸纳服务和侵蚀控制服务的消费,在从江县总生态足迹中占有相当大的比例。这说明,从江县传统农业生产方式受现代农业影响而发生的部分改变,所产生的生态环境影响已经逐步显现。过量施用化肥农药所引起的面源污染以及频繁翻耕和砍伐森林所引起的水土流失,已经严重威胁当地的生态环境健康和可持续发展。     

Analysis of characteristics of time-frequency correlations between runoff, tidal range and salinity in the Changjiang Estuary

Power spectrum and cross-wavelet transform analysis was adopted to study the time-frequency characteristics and multiscale correlations between runoff, tidal range and salinity in the Changjiang Estuary based on the runoff data collected at the Datong Station, the tidal range measured at the Baozhen Station, and the salinity at the Baogang Station from 2008 to 2009. The variations of the salinity showed significant periodicity at scales of 2-3, 7-8, 14-15 and 26-30 d. The correlation between the salinity and the runoff and the tidal range were found to be significantly related to shock at scales of 5-7, 14-15, 26-30 d and 0.5 a. The correlation between the runoff and the salinity was mainly in the same phase, while the correlation between the tidal range and the salinity was in the antiphase. Different frequency bands were related to different degrees, and their relevance increased as the resonance frequency decreased. In addition, changes of the seasonal runoff were obvious. Specifically, a point of discontinuity was reached in early June with a cycle of 7-8 d, which coincided with the periodicity of plum rains in the Changjiang-Huaihe region. High-frequency changes (8-16 d period) of the salinity corresponded to the time domain in January-April 2008, February-April 2009 and October-December 2009 and exhibited an approximately 0.5 a (184 d) long frequency oscillation. Short-period changes were found to be stronger than long-period changes. Cross-wavelet transforms for the salinity, the runoff and the tidal range revealed local features in the time domain, while the significant levels of different periodic oscillations were observed in the frequency domain. The correlation characteristics of the salinity and the runoff were significant in the 80-90 d frequency domain, indicating that the major impact of the runoff on the salinity was reflected in seasonal changes. The tidal range on the small scale of 14-15 and 30-32 d was more obvious than the runoff.     

淀山湖主要放流鱼种鲢和鳙生长的研究

本文根据2006-2008年淀山湖鲢鳙标记回捕数据以及刺网调查数据,研究了淀山湖鲢鳙的生长,根据鱼类体长推算公式分别推算出鲢鳙的生长指标;并计算出淀山湖鲢鳙的体长体重关系和肥满度.体长和体重关系分别为鲢:W=6×10-5 L2.8371,(n=216,R2=0.8886);鳙:W=5×10-5L2.5609,(n=55...     

突发性大气污染事故应急监测系统的设计与开发

本文对突发性大气污染事故应急临测系统的总体需求、体系结构、功能模块和关键技术进行了分析.通过分析突发性大气污染事故应急监测工作业务流程,提出系统的建立需在存储和管理多种应急监测相关数据的基础上,并与应急监测业务保持一致.为保证系统的高安伞性、实时性与可靠性,采用部署在局域网内的客户机/服务器体系结构.本文详细阐述了系统...