ArcGIS影像管理解决方案浅析

面对规模日益庞大的影像数据集合,提供一个高效的数据管理模式或配置一个高效的数据库管理系统,能够向用户提供影像可视化和快速查询功能,是影像数据管理中需要着重解决的问题。本文通过简介ArcGIS海量影像管理的方法,分析镶嵌数据集影像数据管理模型特点,从而提出高效管理海量影像数据的方法。     

Scaling behaviors of precipitation over China

Scaling behaviors in the precipitation time series derived from 1951 to 2009 over China are investigated by detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) method. The results show that there exists long-term memory for the precipitation time series in some stations, where the values of the scaling exponent α are less than 0.62, implying weak persistence characteristics. The values of scaling exponent in other stations indicate random behaviors. In addition, the scaling exponent α in precipitation records varies from station to station over China. A numerical test is made to verify the significance in DFA exponents by shuffling the data records many times. We think it is significant when the values of scaling exponent before shuffled precipitation records are larger than the interval threshold for 95 % confidence level after shuffling precipitation records many times. By comparison, the daily precipitation records exhibit weak positively long-range correlation in a power law fashion mainly at the stations taking on zonal distributions in south China, upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River, northern part of northeast China. This may be related to the subtropical high. Furthermore, the values of scaling exponent which cannot pass the significance test do not show a clear distribution pattern. It seems that the stations are mainly distributed in coastal areas, southwest China, and southern part of north China. In fact, many complicated factors may affect the scaling behaviors of precipitation such as the system of the east and south Asian monsoon, the interaction between sea and land, and the big landform of the Tibetan Plateau. These results may provide a better prerequisite to long-term predictor of precipitation time series for different regions over China.     

江淮气旋气候学特征的统计研究

从江淮气旋的定义出发,采用欧洲中期天气预报中心的ERA-Interim再分析资料,运用气旋的客观判定与追踪算法追踪江淮气旋,分析了1979-2010年江淮气旋的气候特征。结果表明:江淮气旋发生的频数有显著的年际变化,但随时间变化的长期趋势并不明显。由于春季冷空气活动频繁,且易与副高西南侧气流汇合形成气旋,因此春季是江淮气旋最活跃的季节,其中5月份江淮气旋发生次数最多;而在冬季,东亚地区受大陆冷高压控制,形势稳定,不易形成气旋,故秋冬季江淮气旋出现较少。受地形和下垫面等因素影响,江淮气旋生成的源地主要位于洞庭湖地区、鄱阳湖地区及大别山区东北侧。43.9%的江淮气旋中心平均降压率为0~-1 h Pa/6h,大多数江淮气旋中心最大降压率为0~-2 h Pa/6h(占66.4%),较难形成暴发性气旋。江淮气旋生命史较短,主要为1~2天。     

再谈抗剪强度C,标准值的统计方法问题

对十分流行的将某层土所取得的全部土样的剪切试验值τ-放在一起回归，以求得C，值的统计方法进行分析，指出这种统计方法不能成立的原因。     

确定震源深度的PTD方法及其应用

根据对不同台站间初至到时作变换后的时差来计算地震的深度，利用该方法计算了华东地区１８２￣１９９２年底能定出深度的地震，并作了相应的误差分析，按中国分区速度结构，编制出各区的深度－走时差表，并举例说明该表的用法。     

悬浮泥沙遥感定量的统一模式及其在珠江口中的应用

本文推导出来悬浮泥沙遥感定量的统一式,其形式包含了Gordon关系式和负指数关系式,其它各悬浮泥沙的关系式可看作是该统一式的近似。由多个例子的计算表明统一式的相关性和精度要高于目前国内外使用的悬浮泥沙定量的遥感模式。该统一式被成功地应用于珠江口伶仃洋的遥感定量分析中。     

Differentiation Mechanism and Evolution of High-level Magma Chamber at Xiangshan,China

The calc-alkaline volcanic magmas,which formed the Mesozoic uraniferous volcanic complex of Xiangshan,resulted from partial melting of the mixture of lower crust and enriched mantle with a high mixing proportion in a specific tectonic setting such as active continental margin or ocean-continent collision zone.The preliminary concentrations of Uand Th occur in low-degree par-tial melts.Only small part of these melts was rapidly extracted and erupted and most intruded into the high-level magma chamber(depth:12-13 km) of the compressed upper lithosphere ,in which occurred a strong differentiation which would resulted in strong preconcentrations of the high-hygromagmaphile elements U and Th associated with strong depletion of the 3-d transition ele-ments Ti,Sc,Co,Zr,etc.At the final stage of subduction of the West-Pacific-Kula plate towards the Asian continental plate,the regional tectonic environment was transformed from a compressive in-to a tensional setting.The strongly differentiated,U(and Th) enriched silicic alkalic magmas in high level magma chamber extensively erupted,extruded and intruded.The hydrothermal fluids released as a result of late volcano-degassing and dewatering during crystallization-solidification of magmas,re-sulted in the remobilization,leaching,migration and reconcentration of uranium ,which had been preconcentrated in volcanic rocks.Therefore,specific regional petrogeochemical criteria are expected for the uraniferous volcanic series.     

Volatile constituents in magmatic inclusions

Laser Raman microprobe has been applied to the analysis of volatile components in shrinkage gas bubbles of individual magmatic inclusions in quartz crystal fragments and phenocrystals from the Mesozoic volcanic complexes of Tonglu and Shouchang, Zhejiang Province. Quantitative analyses are given for CO₂, CH₄, H₂O, CO, H₂, N₂, H₂S, and SO₂. In conjunction with the microthermometry and microbarometry data and the chemical composition of magmatic inclusions, the results permit one to calculate the physico-chemical parametersP _total,fO ₂ ,fCO ₂ ,fCH ₄ ,fH ₂O,fCO, andfH ₂ at the time individual magmatic inclusions were trapped. Based on the data obtained, some physico-chemical conditions for the Mesozoic volcanic magma evolution in the Tonglu and Shouchang areas are discussed. This work shows that this type of studies has become an indispensable new and rising domain in modern magmatic petrology, especially modern volcanic petrology. It can help us to reconstruct the physico-chemistry of the crystallization-evolution of a natural magma. The project was financially supported by the National Science Foundation of China.     

井潮系数,气压系数与地震关系的探讨

本文就井潮效应及气压效应的变化特征与地震关系,以及地震预报方法可行度进行了分析研究和初步探讨,结果表明气压系数、井潮系数的变化与地震关系复杂。但在判断确认、预报地震强度、地点方面有可取之处,该预报地震新方法值得进一步深入探讨和研究。文中以滇01井为研究对象,以1984年的回归参数为正常动态。分别求出各项参数的均值z_o与标准误差σ_o以z_o-4σ≦z_o+4σ为正常涨落范围。在此以外的单因子N型脉冲,或多因子单脉冲视为异常。其映震率为77.8%,震前异常预报可行率55.6%。地震漏报率为22.2%,地震虚漏报率为44.4%。     

云南剑川早更新世剑齿象化石

袁氏剑齿象(新种)(Stegodon yuani sp.nov.)是根据发现于云南省大理白族自治州剑川县东山脚村附近的两颗上第三臼齿建立的。 化石产于早更新世湖泊和滨湖河流相的东山组上部粉砂质粘土层中。它稍原始于东方剑齿象(S.orientalis),而在进化水平上又稍晚于先东方剑齿象(S.praeorintalis)。