芦芽山生态旅游资源及生态旅游区划

生态旅游结合自然保护区的发展赋予了新的机遇，但同时又使它面临着严峻挑战。加强旅游规划分区研究非常必要。芦芽山具有丰富的生态旅游资源。地貌形态多样，生物资源异常丰富，气候、植被－－土壤呈明显垂直变化。结合其旅游资源，我们对其分区如下；河谷和沟谷农田乡村区－－接近自然的生态旅游；落叶阔叶林区－－亲近自然的生态旅游；针阔叶混交林枢－－返回自然的生态旅游；寒温性针叶林和亚高山灌丛草甸区－－回归大自然的生态旅游。     

大别造山带晚造山期花岗岩类

大别造山带存在中侏罗世花岗质岩浆活动,相关花岗岩类在成分上与准铝质岩一致,其锆石U-Pb与全岩Rb-Sr年龄为174~161 Ma。这些岩体主要属于造山带中下地壳深部熔融、侵入之产物,具有晚造山挤压型花岗岩的特点。岩体出露面积与剥露深度的区域变化,主要与后期强烈的热窿伸展差异改造作用有关。大别造山带晚造山期的挤压环境,还控制合肥盆地前陆挤压阶段(中侏罗世–晚侏罗世早期)以及南北两侧逆冲推覆构造的发育。西太平洋汇聚特性的急剧变化(侏罗纪末),是促成大别山造山根突发性拆沉事件以及区域伸展机制取代晚造山期挤压作用的根本原因,推测这种晚造山期挤压环境大致结束于~160Ma,即造山根突发性拆沉作用发生之时。     

散落核素7Be和137Cs在洱海和红枫湖沉积物中蓄积对比

沉积物柱芯分别采自滇西地区的洱海和黔中地区的红枫(及百花)湖,散落核素7Be和137Cs在沉积物中的蓄积特征对比分析表明,7Be在洱海及红枫湖沉积物中的累计值分别为(237±73)Bq/m2和(783±44)Bq/m2;按校正到沉降年代的数值,1986年以前137Cs的累计值分别为(519±26)Bq/m2及(3704±56)Bq/m2.由模式计算获知,(1)7Be和137Cs在红枫湖沉积物中的蓄积以侵蚀影响为主;在洱海的蓄积受直接散落控制.(2)在洱海和红枫湖地区7Be大气散落累计值分别为(0.07±0.02)Bq/cm2及(0.08±0.01)Bq/cm2;1986年以前137Cs大气散落累计值分别为(0.11±0.01)Bq/cm2及(0.37±0.01)Bq/cm2,显示出滇西与黔中地区之间137Cs散落的地区差异.这一现象可能反映出青藏高原对滇西地区存在着全球性大气扩散污染物散落的屏蔽效应.     

晶质铀矿中稀土元素的岩石学意义

本文通过诸广山岩体、黄龙庙岩体的岩石及其中晶质铀矿稀土元素的研究,得出以下几点认识:晶质铀矿中稀土元素的丰度与其源岩的稀土元素丰度呈正消长关系;晶质铀矿中稀土元素的配分特点与源岩的酸性程度有关;晶质铀矿中稀土元素分馏程度反映了源岩的分异演化程度。     

Sorption kinetics of naphthalene and phenanthrene in loess soils

A laboratory study was executed to investigate the effect of surfactants to enhance sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contaminants in loess soil. Phenanthrene and naphthalene were chosen as organic contaminant indicators in loess soil modified by the cation surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) bromide. The kinetic behavior of sorption during transport in natural and modified loess soil was studied. The results indicated that sorption rate in the cation surfactant modified loess soils was at least 3 times faster than that of the natural soil. A first-order kinetics model fitted the sorption data well for both soils. The sorption rates of the two organic compounds were related to their primary residual quantity on the soils. The experiments showed that sorption amounts approached constant values approximately within 30 and 90 min for naphthalene and phenanthrene at 298–318 K, respectively. The rate constants, however, displayed negative correlation with increasing temperature. With changing temperature, the activation energy was calculated at –6.196–1.172 kJ/mol for naphthalene and –28.86–15.70 kJ/mol for phenanthrene at 298–318 K. The results can be used to predict the sorption kinetics of phenanthrene and naphthalene in loess soils, and in a wider perspective, be used to better understand the transport of petroleum contaminants in the soil environment.     

长江流域人口-土地-经济城镇化的时空 耦合协调性与驱动因子分析

运用熵值法对长江流域2008年、2013年及2018年3个时期105个地级市的人口、土地、经济城镇化水平进行多维评测;依托ArcGIS平台分析城镇化的时空演变特征及耦合协调性的时空集聚模式;采用多元线性回归模型,挖掘城镇化耦合协调性的驱动因子。结果表明：长江上中下游地区城镇化耦合协调度显著差异,呈现出：下游地区＞＞中游地区＞上游地区的格局。城镇化耦合协调度中等协调及以上水平的地级市主要位于长江三角洲、合肥与皖江沿线、武汉城市圈、长沙城市圈、成渝城市群、南昌、贵阳、昆明等地。耦合协调度处于失调水平的地级市主要位于长江源头地区、藏东—川西—滇北横断山区、甘肃陇南、乌蒙山区、武陵山区、南岭地区等地。城镇化耦合协调度的空间集聚模式可划分为热点聚集型、中部发展型、冷点聚集型、边缘游离型4种类型。在此基础上,构建出4种空间集聚类型的拟合模型,决定系数R²均大于0.800。立足于新型城镇化建设,对长江流域人口、土地、经济城镇化的发展提出了针对性的政策建议。     

磁源瞬变电磁法在铁路隧道勘察中的应用

在铁路建设中,对长大深埋隧道的勘察,需要对各种不同深度的地质体进行探测,采用磁源瞬变电磁法工作前必须通过实地试验工作,合理地选取工作装置、设置仪器参数。从方法原理特点出发,结合实例总结出了一组适合瞬变电磁仪进行浅、深部探测的工作参数及需注意的问题,实践表明磁源瞬变电磁法在铁路隧道勘察中具有很大的应用潜力。     

基于高频空间分析的襄阳市春节期间烟花爆竹禁放效果评估

为研究襄阳市区春节期间空气污染时空规律及烟花爆竹禁放效果,利用密集空气质量监测微型站、稀疏国控站以及气象站等数据,借助高频率空间分析、相关性分析以及浓度特征比较等方法,研究了局地尺度下襄阳市区春节期间空气污染时空变化,评估了历年春节期间烟花爆竹禁止燃放举措的实施成效。结果表明：1)2018年新春佳节期间襄阳市区天气总体平稳,空气质量整体较差,受市区外围周边地区在除夕至初一燃放烟花爆竹影响,空气质量由除夕轻度转成初一重度污染;从除夕夜T 19:00开始,PM_2.5和PM₁₀质量浓度逐步上升,初一T 00:00过后直线升高,至初一早上T 08:00达到春节期间峰值,该时段SO₂和NO₂质量浓度也有明显升高。2)新春佳节期间局地尺度下襄阳市区PM_2.5和PM₁₀日均质量浓度空间分布整体较为一致,在除夕、初二至初五均呈现以汉江与唐白河为界、“南高北低”的中度以上污染态势,而初一、初六则呈现污染连绵成片、大范围覆盖等特点。3)市区外围周边地区烟花爆竹燃放是造成春节期...     

渤海激光单分子海洋油气化探综合评价与预测系统数据仓库设计方案

以渤海区域地学数据为例,阐述了渤海激光单分子海洋油气化探综合评价与预测系统数据仓库的设计方案。该数据仓库采用了以渤海激光单分子海洋油气化探数据为中心的星架数据管理模式,并实现了空间数据与属性数据的一体化存储、数据的可视化抽取与可视化挖掘等关键性技术。     

南海次表层水温季节内变化研究

Through analysis of the results of a verified high-fidelity numerical model, the intra-seasonal variations(ISVs) in the depth of the 22°C isotherm(D22) in the South China Sea(SCS) basin are investigated. The results show that the ISVs in the D22 exhibit distinct seasonality in the SCS. The ISVs in the D22 are quite significant, especially within a band along the northwestern boundary of the basin and at the southern end of the basin during boreal winter. In these areas, the ratio of the standard deviations(STDs) of intra-seasonal band to the STDs of total data could exceed 0.6. Although the ISVs in the D22 are detectable in the area affected by the Vietnam Offshore Current during boreal summer and autumn, these variations are sometimes overwhelmed by oscillations with other frequencies. An analysis of the causes of the ISVs in the D22 in the SCS indicates that sea surface fluxes and wind stirring are not the dominant external driving mechanisms of the phenomena described above. The ISVs in the D22 are thought to be induced mainly by the thermodynamic adjustment of the ocean itself and the associated instabilities. The energy of the northern and southern bands that display strong ISVs in the D22 may be derived from eddy kinetic energy, rather than eddy available potential energy. The diversity of the propagation of the ISVs in the D22 is very conspicuous within these two bands.