地表数据驱动的与层相关的层间多次波消除方法及应用

基于反馈模型的地表相关多次波消除方法SRME（Surface-Related Multiple Elimination）近年来已得到了广泛的应用.利用共聚焦点CFP（Common Focus Point）道集代替炮集,可以将该方法扩展至层间多次波的消除.地表数据驱动的层间多次波消除方法直接利用地表观测数据进行层间多次波预测,避免了构建CFP道集所需的聚焦运算,特别是与层相关的层间多次波消除方法有效提高了多次波预测的计算效率.但地表数据驱动的与层相关的层间多次波消除方法并没有从理论上被严格地推导证明,其与CFP方法之间的关系亦未被讨论.本文在CFP方法的理论基础上推导了地表数据驱动的与层相关的层间多次波消除方法,阐明了CFP方法与地表数据驱动方法之间的内在联系.并将该方法应用于模型数据和野外实际数据,应用实例表明了所提方法的有效性.

     

Changes in production potentials of rapeseed in the Yangtze River Basin of China under climate change: A multi-model ensemble approach

Rapeseed is one of the major oil crops in China and it is very sensitive to climate change. The Yangtze River Basin is the main rapeseed production area in China. Therefore, a better understanding of the impact of climate change on rapeseed production in the basin is of both scientific and practical importance to Chinese oil industry and food security. In this study, based on climate data from 5 General Circulation Models (GCMs) with 4 representative concentration pathways (RCPs) in 2011–2040 (2020s), 2041–2070 (2050s) and 2071–2100 (2080s), we assessed the changes in rapeseed production potential between the baseline climatology of 1981–2010 and the future climatology of the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s, respectively. The key modelling tool – the AEZ model – was updated and validated based on the observation records of 10 representative sites in the basin. Our simulations revealed that: (1) the uncertainty of the impact of climate change on rapeseed production increases with time; (2) in the middle of this century (2050s), total rapeseed production would increase significantly; (3) the average production potential increase in the 2050s for the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin is 0.939, 1.639 and 0.339 million tons respectively; (4) areas showing most significant increases in production include southern Shaanxi, central and eastern Hubei, northern Hunan, central Anhui and eastern Jiangsu.     

重庆彭水地区震旦系灯影组沉积地质新认识

重庆彭水太原乡老厂坪背斜核部的灯影组白云岩自下而上可划分为两段,下段"富藻",上段"富硅";沉积环境为浅水台地背景下的潮坪-局限台地,可据沉积物差异、沉积构造特征划分出潟湖、潮下、潮间及潮上四个微相类型。通过区域对比,建立了上扬子地区震旦系灯影组的沉积模式。纵向上,沉积相序表明其沉积时期海平面经历了两次升降变化,海侵十分短暂,海退为主体,海平面总体呈下降趋势;横向上,由北西至南东,水体逐渐加深,沉积环境经历了由潮坪-潟湖到局限台地-开阔台地,再到台地边缘以及陆棚的过渡。     

低风速下海面附近气温场对海气动量通量的影响

实用测的海上和层平均风剖面数据和温度剖面数据，通过数据回归和迭代方法计算出了在不同大气稳定情况下的海面阻力系数。得到了与前人理论计算一致的结论：海面阻力系数随海面大气稳定度的增加而减小，另外，我们还发现：在海面风速小于１３ｍ／ｓ时，不能认为气温剖面外推到海面的值与海面水温的是一致的。这样若用海气温差作为衡量海面上方大气的稳定程度，难于得到上面给出了理结论。这一点同前人的理论计算结果是不相同的。     

地热资源与开发地热研讨

著者以发生学、生态学的观点阐述了地热资源特有的双重性，这是对地热资源评估的基础，指出了热源、热储、热力、蓄层间相依共存的密切关系。对开发地热提出的对策建议是立足资源，面向市场，因地制宜、优质优用，滚动开发，注重综合效益。     

PROTEM-37瞬变电磁测深系统及应用实例

PROTEM - 37仪器具有分辨率高、动态范围大、抗干扰能力强、探测深度较大等优良性能。简要介绍了该仪器的测深原理、工作装置、野外施工步骤以及资料的处理解释。对TEM和MT资料的联合反演作了有益的尝试。介绍了该仪器在探测地下洞穴、勘察金属矿以及煤田水文地质调查等方面     

Composition and petrology of HED polymict breccias: The regolith of (4) Vesta

We have done petrologic and compositional studies on a suite of polymict eucrites and howardites to better understand regolith processes on their parent asteroid, which we accept is (4) Vesta. Taking into account noble gas results from companion studies, we interpret five howardites to represent breccias assembled from the true regolith: Elephant Moraine (EET) 87513, Grosvenor Mountains (GRO) 95535, GRO 95602, Lewis Cliff (LEW) 85313, and Meteorite Hills (MET) 00423. We suggest that EET 87503 is paired with EET 87513, and thus is also regolithic. Pecora Escarpment (PCA) 02066 is dominated by melt‐matrix clasts, which may have been formed from true regolith by impact melting. These meteorites display a range in eucrite:diogenite mixing ratio from 55:45 to 76:24. There is no correlation between degree of regolith character and Ni content. The Ni contents of howardite, eucrite, and diogenites (HEDs) are mostly controlled by the distribution of coarse chondritic clasts and metal grains, which in some cases resulted from individual, low‐velocity accretion events, rather than extensive regolith gardening. Trace element compositions indicate that the mafic component of HED polymict breccias is mostly basalt similar to main‐group eucrites; Stannern‐trend basaltic debris is less common. Pyroxene compositions show that some trace element‐rich howardites contain abundant debris from evolved basalts, and that cumulate gabbro debris is present in some breccias. The scale of heterogeneity varies considerably; regolithic howardite EET 87513 is more homogeneous than fragmental howardite Queen Alexandra Range (QUE) 97001. Individual samples of a given howardite can have different compositions even at roughly 5 g masses, indicating that obtaining representative meteorite compositions requires multiple or large samples.     

IPCC AR6解读：全球和区域海平面变化的监测和预估

IPCC第六次评估报告第一工作组报告第九章综合评估了与海平面相关的最新监测和数值模拟结果,指出目前（2006—2018年）的海平面上升速率处于加速状态（3.7 mm/a),并会在未来持续上升,且呈现不可逆的趋势。其中低排放情景（SSP1-1.9）和高排放情景（SSP5-8.5）下,到2050年,预估全球平均海平面（GMSL）分别上升0.15~0.23 m和0.20~0.30 m;到2100年,预估GMSL分别上升0.28~0.55 m和0.63~1.02 m。南极冰盖不稳定性是影响未来海平面上升预估的最大不确定性来源之一。区域海平面变化是影响沿海极端静水位的重要因素。     

尼泊尔低喜马拉雅推覆带油源对比及油气成藏

尼泊尔低喜马拉雅推覆带油气苗来源不清极大地影响了该区油气勘探.在地质-地球物理综合调查的基础上,利用油气地球化学、碳同位素及生烃史模拟对尼泊尔代莱克地区油源和成藏过程进行了研究.结果表明:①尼泊尔代莱克地区油苗产于Padukasthan断裂,可分两期,第一期呈含油断层泥产出,氯仿沥青"A"为149～231 μg/g,RR.为0.81％,氯仿沥青"A"的δ13C相对较重(-26.24‰～-27.10‰),族组分具有正碳同位素序列,发黄绿色荧光,为典型的低熟煤成油,第二期呈液态油产出并遭受微生物降解,金刚烷IMD指数为0.33～0.45,R.为1.24％～1.53％,3,4-DMD含量46％～47％,全油δ13C为-29.50‰～-29.45‰,族组分碳同位素趋于一致,发蓝色荧光,为海相成因高熟油;②第一期油来源于Surkhet群的Melpani组和Gondwana群煤系烃源岩,为Ⅲ型有机质低熟阶段的产物,第二期来源于Surkhet群的Swat组浅海陆棚相黑色页岩,为Ⅱ1型有机质生油高峰的产物,两期油与Lakharpata群过成熟黑色泥岩和Siwalik群未熟泥岩没有亲缘关系;③尼泊尔低喜马拉雅推覆带具有"多源多期、推覆增熟、砂体控储、披覆控聚"的油气成藏模式,油气成藏过程可划分为沉积浅埋、构造圈闭形成、深埋油藏形成、气藏形成和晚期改造定型5个演化阶段;④尼泊尔低喜马拉雅推覆有利于Gondwana群、Surkhet群深埋增温、持续快速生烃和晚期成藏,对比邻区巴基斯坦的含油气盆地,尼泊尔低喜马拉雅推覆带及相邻类似地区具备良好的油气成藏条件.