塔里木盆地的三维电阻率结构

塔里木盆地内油气资源非常丰富,但是深层勘探程度低,需要开展深入的地球物理调查。经过在盆地内大地电磁测站的数据采集、资料处理和三维反演,取得盆地三维电阻率模型,从电性结构角度刻划了盆地的三维构造。塔里木盆地的碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩的电阻率变化范围很大,主要受其中的孔隙裂隙发育程度控制。在同一深度的平面上,盆地侏罗纪以前地层的构造隆起显示为相对高阻区,而深层低阻带主要反映古生代碳酸盐岩中的裂隙和流体汇聚,提供了油气储层分布的信息。从6km到10km深度,低电阻率区面积向下缩小,但沉积盆地总面积仍有近20万km~2。由于油气成藏伴随着活跃的流体活动,而孔隙流体呈现低电阻率,可以认为低电阻率区分布范围和产状指示深层流体活动及可能的油气储层的分布范围。深层电阻率平面图显示的低电阻率区包括:满加尔坳陷中北部到塔北隆起西段,塔西南的和田坳陷与莎车坳陷。于田-民丰坳陷以及唐古孜巴斯坳陷在深度6~10km的平面图也显示为较低电阻率,也是深层油气勘探的有利区段。塔里木盆地结晶基底可分为三种类型:正常的克拉通结晶基底呈现高电阻率,玄武岩浆侵位的基底对应高电阻率区,而含裂隙水的变质基底呈现低电阻率。对比大地电磁法和反射地震结果认为,地球物理调查资料不支持塔里木盆地二叠纪"大火成岩省"的猜测。     

成都旅游资源的特征及分类

从成都旅游资源的实际情况出发，论述了成都旅游资源特征，并把成都旅游资源分为自然景观资源、人文景观资源、社会景观资源和模拟景观资源四大类别。     

华南丘陵地区城市地下空间开发利用前景

地下工程设施的最大优点是节能和安全。节能来自于地下的恒温环境,安全来自于封闭的环境,很少人为的干扰。本文基于杭州市西湖一带山体结构特点和地下空间开发适宜性分析,提出华南丘陵地区的城市地下空间开发有广阔的利用前景。具体阐述了如何保持优秀生态环境的科学问题,可利用地下空间的分类和特点,可利用地下空间的调查内容和方法。针对当前地下空间开发利用存在的问题,提出了华南丘陵地区城市地下空间开发利用的建议。     

The crust and upper mantle of the Sulu UHPM belt

All results from integrated geophysical investigations in the Sulu region are summarized in this paper, trying to reconstruct the Sulu UHPM processes. New seismic S-wave tomographic results suggest a velocity-abnormal zone occurs beneath the Sulu crust, revealing detailed upper mantle structures that high-velocity lumps within the abnormal zone are sequentially distributed beneath the bottom of the asthenosphere. These high-velocity lumps might represent delaminated eclogites or residuals of the subducted oceanic plate. Based on integrated interpretation of the geophysical data, we propose a working model for tectonic reconstruction of the Sulu UHPM processes, which can explain the crust and upper mantle structures of the area. The involved tectonic processes are related to north-eastward escaping of the Sulu terrane, subduction and delamination cycles of the Dabie-Sulu oceanic plate, and post-orogenic lithospheric thinning and magma underplating. The UHPM rocks are believed to have syn-subduction delaminated down to the bottom of the asthenosphere during 245-180 Ma, and the delamination process seemed smooth and nearly continuous without extensive violence.     

沿江城市中小型闸控通江湖泊总磷变化特征及成因分析——以安庆市石塘湖为例

长江中下游沿江城郊闸控湖泊普遍面临总磷浓度偏高的现象,解析其总磷时空变化特征及影响驱动机制成为精准治理与修复此类湖泊前亟待解决的关键性问题。本文基于安庆市沿江城郊中小型闸控湖泊--石塘湖实测气象降雨、水文、河湖水质等数据,采用多因子相关性分析、变异系数法和主成分分析的方法,研究各指标因子与湖泊总磷浓度时空变化的响应关系。结果表明:(1)湖泊水质呈现丰(5-8月)、平(3-4月和9-10月)、枯(11-次年2月)水期聚类效果显著,但湖泊空间差异不明显;湖泊水质的季节性变化受总磷浓度变化控制,其他理化指标影响较弱。(2)高强度降雨和汛期闸站调度下的水动力变化决定污染物迁移速率,是导致湖泊总磷浓度在丰水期更容易受入湖河流输入影响而达到峰值的主要驱动因子。(3)高强度人类活动导致入湖河流季节性输入是石塘湖总磷上升的决定性因素,从单位土地利用类型产生单位总磷负荷来看,农业用地远大于城镇建设用地,林地和草地充当污染物进入湖泊的预前“汇”。因此,从治理策略和途径来看,可在控制外源输入的同时,适当调节闸站以减弱丰水期水动力强度,减少入湖河流总磷输入影响的同时,发挥湖泊营养盐的滞留净化能力。本文主要从人类活动导致的外源污染及闸站抽排调度角度分析沿江城郊闸控湖泊石塘湖总磷变化、影响因素及驱动机制,可以为此类城郊中小型沿江闸控型湖泊污染治理提供理论参考。     

基于CloudSat卫星资料的青岛地区云特征研究

利用2007—2010年CloudSat卫星资料,对青岛地区（35.583°～37.150°N,119.050°～121.000°E）云特征参量进行了统计分析。结果表明：单层云出现频率为39%左右,多层云主要以2层云为主,出现频率均为18%左右;月平均云量在64.1%～77.6%之间,从1月至12月呈递减趋势;卷云、高层云、高积云和层积云平均频率之和为86.5%,其他类型的云出现的频率均不高;云水路径在4、5月和8、9月较大,分别达到了200 g·m-2以上和350 g·m-2以上;云液态有效粒子半径在6～16 μm之间,春、夏、秋季高值区位于云体中部至上部;云冰晶有效粒子半径在20～120 μm之间,高值区位于云体中部至底部;青岛南部,即近海区域云有效粒子半径和云水含量大于北部。     

从地壳上地幔构造看大陆岩石圈伸展与裂解

本篇讨论大陆岩石圈拆沉、伸展与裂解作用过程。由于大陆岩石圈厚度大而且很不均匀,产生裂谷的机制比较复杂。大陆碰撞远程效应的触发,岩石圈拆沉,以及板块运动的不规则性和地球应力场方向转折,都可能产生岩石圈断裂和大陆裂谷。岩石圈拆沉为在重力作用下"去陆根"的作用过程,演化过程可分为大陆根拆离、地壳伸展和岩石圈地幔整体破裂三个阶段。大陆碰撞带、俯冲的大陆和大洋板块、克拉通区域岩石圈,都可能产生岩石圈拆沉。大陆岩石圈调查表明,拉张区可见地壳伸展、岩石圈拆离、软流圈上拱和热沉降;它们是大陆岩石圈伸展与裂解早期的主要表现。从初始拉张的盆岭省到成熟的张裂省,拆离后地壳伸展成复式地堑,下地壳幔源玄武岩浆侵位,断裂带贯通并切穿整个岩石圈,表明地壳伸展进入成熟阶段。中国东北松辽盆地和西欧北海盆地曾处于成熟的张裂省。岩石圈破裂为岩浆侵位提供了阻力很小的通道网。岩浆侵位作用伴随岩石圈破裂和热流体上涌,成熟的张裂省可发展成大陆裂谷。多数的大陆裂谷带并没有发展成威尔逊裂谷带和洋中脊,普通的大陆裂谷要演化为威尔逊裂谷带,必须有来自软流圈的长期和持续的热流和玄武质岩浆的供应。威尔逊裂谷带岩石圈地幔和软流圈为地震低速带,其根源可能与来自地幔底部的地幔热羽流有关。     

Discovering Crustal Deformation Bands by Processing Regional Gravity Field

Objectives: This article presents a new computational procedure to discover scratches buried in the earth's crust. We also validate this new interdisciplinary analysis method with regional gravity data located in a well-known Dabie orogenic zone for test. Methods: Based on the scratch analysis method evolved with mathematical morphology of surfaces, we present a procedure that extracts information of the crustal scratches from regional gravity data. Because the crustal scratches are positively and highly correlated to crustal deformation bands, it can be used for delineation of the crustal deformation belts. The scratches can be quantitatively characterized by calculation of the ridge coefficient function, whose high value traces delineate the deformation bands hidden in the regional gravity field. In addition, because the degree of crustal deformation is an important indicator of tectonic unit divisions, so the crust can be further divided according to the degree of crustal deformation into some tectonic units by using the ridge coefficient data, providing an objective base map for earth scientists to build tectonic models with quantitative evidence. Results: After the ridge coefficients are calculated, we can further enhance the boundary of high ridge-coefficient blocks, resulting in the so-called ridge-edge coefficient function. The high-value ridge-edge coefficients are well correlated with the edge faults of tectonic units underlay, providing accurate positioning of the base map for compilation of regional tectonic maps. In order to validate this new interdisciplinary analysis method, we select the Dabie orogenic zone as a pilot area for test, where rock outcrops are well exposed on the surface and detailed geological and geophysical surveys have been carried out. Tests show that the deformation bands and the tectonic units, which are conformed by tectonic scientists based on surface observations, are clearly displayed on the ridge and ridge-edge coefficient images obtained in this article. Moreover, these computer-generated images provide more accurate locations and geometric details. Conclusions: This work demonstrates that application of modern mathematical tools can promote the quantitative degree in research of modern geosciences, helping to open a door to develop a new branch of mathematical tectonics.     

伊勒呼里山中生代火山岩:锆石U-Pb年代学及其对岩浆事件的制约

伊勒呼里山地区中生代火山岩由安山岩、粗面英安岩、流纹岩、流纹质凝灰岩和流纹质玻屑凝灰岩等组成。中生代火山岩中的锆石多呈半自形-自形晶,振荡环带发育,Th/U值略高（0.30~2.56）,为岩浆成因。锆石U-Pb同位素年代学研究表明：塔木兰沟组安山岩年龄为（161.0±1.0）Ma（n=22）,形成于中侏罗世;满克头鄂博组流纹岩年龄为（157.8±2.3）Ma（n=24）,形成时代属于晚侏罗世;玛尼吐组火山岩2个样品的年龄分别为（154.0±2.0）Ma（n=23）和（151.7±1.4）Ma（n=25）,形成时代属于晚侏罗世;白音高老组火山岩2个样品的年龄分别为（124.1±1.1）Ma（n=25）和（125.1±0.7）Ma（n=23）,形成时代为早白垩世。捕获锆石的定年结果显示,本区存在前寒武纪岩浆事件（774 Ma）、加里东期岩浆事件（472 Ma）、印支期岩浆事件（214、210 Ma）,这与周边基底岩石中锆石U-Pb的定年结果相吻合。