三峡库区近水平厚层斜坡滑动稳定性研究——以重庆巫山箭穿洞危岩为例

以重庆巫山箭穿洞近水平巨厚层危岩体为例,通过地质环境条件、基座位移及应力监测数据等分析,总结归纳了危岩体目前的变形和受力状态,发现危岩体的强度仍在持续降低。同时,运用FLAC2D模拟手段,设置了初始天然、初始饱和、临滑、失稳4种模拟工况,研究了危岩基座岩体及泥质条带灰岩层面对危岩体阻滑规律。研究结果表明,基座泥质条带灰岩层强度的持续降低将会使得危岩体处于临滑乃至失稳状态。该稳定性分析也为进一步的防治设计提供了依据。      

崩塌体运动的全过程模拟及工程应用研究

基于颗粒流程序,建立颗粒-颗粒之间和颗粒-墙体之间线性接触刚度模型、滑动模型和带滞后阻尼性质的接触模型,对危岩体崩塌各个运动过程进行数值实验,得出一种比较理想的模拟方法和参数选取方法,对于研究含有多种运动形式的危岩体崩塌复合运动有一定的参考价值。结合工程实例,模拟危岩体自脱离边坡坡面到运动终止的全过程,并说明模拟方法的有效性,预测危岩崩塌体的滑落距离和任意位置处的速度,为选取合理的防治措施提供指导。     

Transport process and mechanism of the Hongshiyan rock avalanche triggered by the 2014 Ludian earthquake,China

The Hongshiyan rock avalanche is a remarkable landslide disaster with approximately volume of 12?×?10⁶ m³, triggered by the 2014 Ms. 6.5 Ludian earthquake in Yunnan Province, China. This study conducted a comprehensive analysis by the model based on discrete element (DEM-based) numerical simulation to understand the transport process and mechanism for this rock avalanche. The simulation results showed that the transport process of the rock avalanche depends on the input seismic duration and motion. The average velocity of the rock avalanche sharply increases to peak value of 27 m/s and then gradually decreases to zero, and 64% and 36% of the total energy are dissipated by collision and friction, respectively. In this process, the progressions from simple disintegration along pre-existing discontinuities to fragmentation that creates new fracture surface are documented, and gradual increase of the fragmentation degree over time results in the decrease of fragment size and the formation of well-graded and narrower-interval gradation. This fragmentation evolution creates a conductive condition to the development of internal shear, and is closely associated with the dense flow regime that dominates the main body of the rock avalanche but presents discontinuous distribution along the flow thickness direction. In addition, further analyzing the simulated results indicates that more likely effects of fragmentation on mobility of rock avalanches depend on fragmentation-induced special flow structure, which makes a rock avalanche in a flow state with lower friction and lower energy consumption.

     

应变率对红砂岩渐进破坏过程和特征应力的影响

为了深入研究脆性岩石的渐进破坏过程,利用RMT-150C型岩石力学试验系统对产自鲁南地区的一种红砂岩进行了系统的力学性质试验研究,得出该类型砂岩试样在不同应变率条件下的力学表现。将试件的渐进破坏过程通过特征应力分为裂纹闭合阶段、线弹性变形阶段、裂纹起裂和稳定扩展阶段以及裂纹不稳定扩展阶段,通过对应力-应变曲线、轴向变形刚度、体积应变曲线和裂纹体积应变等数据的分析,以及采用动点回归技术确定了试样的起裂应力和致损应力,并进一步研究了该类红砂岩的渐进破坏过程及红砂岩峰值强度、起裂应力等参数和应变率之间的关系。试验结果表明,随着应变率的增加,红砂岩试样的峰值强度先降低后提高,起裂应力及致损应力与峰值强度的比值均有所降低。分析了红砂岩峰值强度变化的物理机制并给出了解释,研究了应变率对红砂岩渐进破坏过程的影响