MICAPS3.0的本地化和二次开发

MICAPS3.0系统的主要用途是为预报员提供一个天气分析显示的工作平台。气象预报和服务人员通过此平台检索各种气象数据,显示气象数据的图形和图象,对各种气象图形进行编辑加工,诊断分析气象条件,进行中期、短期、短时天气预报制作。     

保德区块中低阶煤层压裂施工砂堵原因分析及技术对策

针对保德区块中低阶煤储层压裂过程中容易出现砂堵影响储层改造效果的问题,根据研究区块的地质条件,结合水力压裂时裂缝在煤层中的扩展规律,分析了保德区块煤层水力压裂出现砂堵的4类主要原因,分别为煤储层裂隙相对发育造成压裂液滤失量增加、压裂沟通高渗透性的顶底板、煤储层本身有效厚度大滤失量增大及多层合压造缝不充分。在此基础上,提出了相应的技术对策,使用清洁压裂液、适当提高并稳定施工排量及优化压裂施工设计,为现场的水力压裂施工和提高煤储层改造效果提供重要指导。     

Reversal of monthly East Asian winter air temperature in 2020/21 and its predictability

在全球变暖的背景下,近年来东亚冬季气温存在复杂的季节内变化.本文研究了2020/21年东亚冬季气温的月际转折及可预测性.结果 表明,2020/21年东亚冬季气温前冬(2020年12月-2021年1月中旬)偏冷,后冬(2021年1月中旬-2月)偏暖.西伯利亚高压强度在前冬和后冬也出现转折变化.在前冬,由于2020年9月巴...     

Comparing Simulations of Rising Flux Tubes Through the Solar Convection Zone with Observations of Solar Active Regions: Constraining the Dynamo Field Strength

We study how active-region-scale flux tubes rise buoyantly from the base of the convection zone to near the solar surface by embedding a thin flux tube model in a rotating spherical shell of solar-like turbulent convection. These toroidal flux tubes that we simulate range in magnetic field strength from 15 kG to 100 kG at initial latitudes of 1^° to 40^° in both hemispheres. This article expands upon Weber, Fan, and Miesch (Astrophys. J. 741, 11, 2011) (Article 1) with the inclusion of tubes with magnetic flux of 10²⁰ Mx and 10²¹ Mx, and more simulations of the previously investigated case of 10²² Mx, sampling more convective flows than the previous article, greatly improving statistics. Observed properties of active regions are compared to properties of the simulated emerging flux tubes, including: the tilt of active regions in accordance with Joy’s Law as in Article 1, and in addition the scatter of tilt angles about the Joy’s Law trend, the most commonly occurring tilt angle, the rotation rate of the emerging loops with respect to the surrounding plasma, and the nature of the magnetic field at the flux tube apex. We discuss how these diagnostic properties constrain the initial field strength of the active-region flux tubes at the bottom of the solar convection zone, and suggest that flux tubes of initial magnetic field strengths of ≥?40 kG are good candidates for the progenitors of large (10²¹ Mx to 10²² Mx) solar active regions, which agrees with the results from Article 1 for flux tubes of 10²² Mx. With the addition of more magnetic flux values and more simulations, we find that for all magnetic field strengths, the emerging tubes show a positive Joy’s Law trend, and that this trend does not show a statistically significant dependence on the magnetic flux.     

一种基于GNSS的可驯频标的设计与实现

重点介绍了GNSS可驯频标软件设计方法。在软件设计中,采用了滑动中位数方法以滤除测量数据中的奇异值;利用了Kalman滤波器对测量时差数据进行滤波以抑制测量噪声;提出了一种改进型的压控电压产生方法。采用GPS定时接收机1 PPS信号作为参考基准,对原来准确度为1×10-9恒温晶振进行驯服,驯服后频率准确度优于2×10-11。     

不同氧化度碱性水钠锰矿氧化As(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅲ) 的动力学特性

用批量法研究了Mn平均氧化度分别为4.02、3.85和3.70的碱性水钠锰矿对As(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅲ)氧化的动力学特性。结果表明,碱性水钠锰矿氧化As(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅲ)先经历准一级动力学反应阶段,随后表观速率常数(k_obs)逐渐减小至趋近零,达到反应平衡,k_obs逐渐减小除了逆反应影响外,还与产物在矿物表面不断积累,钝化反应位点有关。初始反应阶段k_obs随氧化度增加而增大,氧化As(Ⅲ)的k_obs分别为: 0.095 1、0.039 6和0.007 1 min^-1;氧化Cr(Ⅲ)的k_obs分别为0.034 2、0.017 8和0.014 8 min^-1。氧化As(Ⅲ)的初始反应阶段生成的Mn(Ⅱ)基本保留在矿物表面,对反应位点钝化大,使k_obs减小速度快。而Cr(Ⅲ) 氧化初始阶段,Mn(Ⅱ)释放明显滞后于Cr(Ⅵ)释放,但随反应进行逐渐增加,与Cr(Ⅵ)释放量比值接近于反应计量比。故Cr(Ⅲ) 氧化生成Mn(Ⅱ)对位点的钝化远小于As(Ⅲ)氧化,其初始反应阶段后k_obs减小速度较慢,且氧化度越高,保持一级动力学的初始反应阶段越长,k_obs减小越慢。因此,水钠锰矿的Mn氧化度越高,氧化As(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅲ)的反应速率越快,As(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅲ)在碱性水钠锰矿表面氧化产物的释放行为是影响其反应动力学特性的重要因素。     

常规直流电法在黄河水库南屯地质灾害评价中的应用

黄河水库南屯进行勘查的主要目的就是通过物探方法初步查明地下溶洞存在的情况以及区内的地质概况,为该区地质灾害的评价提供必要的参考依据。通过多种物探方法实验,发现激电中梯、激电联剖及视电阻率测深效果相对较好。由于区内地下水较发育,而且已知塌陷部位都不同程度的含水,水导电性能好.。因此,在地表观测时呈现视电阻率低阻趋势。当溶洞中没有地下水存在时,视电阻率呈现高阻异常。这样就可以通过视电阻率的反映来发现地下溶洞。     

汉江流域降水多时间尺度特性及其与环流因子的相关性分析

首先利用Morlet小波对汉江流域降水进行多时间尺度分析,然后分析主要周期下汉江流域降水与74个环流因子的相关性.结果表明:近50年,汉江流域降水有4,7和18年的主要周期,其中以18年的主要周期最为突出,降水呈现偏少的趋势,同时降水量与西太平洋副高面积指数、冷空气、东太平洋副高北界、北半球极涡中心位置等14个环流因子具有非常强的正相关,而与东亚槽位置、太平洋区极涡强度指数、亚洲区极涡强度指数有非常强的负相关.研究成果将为今后提高汉江流域降水预报水平和有效开展汉江流域及长江中下游防汛抗旱工作提供科学依据.     

Advances in Modern Phytolith Research

Phytolith has been widely used as a tool to reconstruct the paleoenvironment, and the investigation of modern phytolith is very crucial to the accurate interpretation of phytolith data in ancient sediments. Studies of modern process of phytolith primarily include the morphological analysis of phytolith in modern plants, and the relationships between the formation and growth of phytolith and environmental factors, as well as the transportation and taphonomy of phytolith in modern soils and sediments. The formation of phytolith in plants is controlled not only by genes but also by environmental factors, such as humidity, precipitation, temperature, CO₂ concentration, soil pH, and nutrient status, etc. The morphology, assemblages, ¹³C and ¹⁸O of phytolith in plants can respond sensitively to environmental variables. The phytolith assemblages can be affected by its taphonomy and transportation that may be different due to phytolith types and soils/sediments texture. It is necessary to investigate the phytolith morphology and types in modern plants, the relationship between its formation and environmental factors, and the impact of transportation and taphonomy on phytolith assemblages under different environmental conditions in order to promote the application of phytolith analysis to paeloenvironment reconstruction.     

长株潭城市群公路交通与区域协调发展研究

长株潭城市群是长江中游地区的重要组成部分,是开展新时期公路交通与区域协调发展研究的理想区域。从区域协调发展与主体功能区建设的视角,系统分析长株潭城市群公路交通发展的理论基础与现状特征,发现目前公路交通在路网结构、职能分工、产业统筹、公共交通、资源环境等方面存在诸多突出问题。在此基础上,构建以资源节约、环境友好、以人为本、区域一体为核心内涵的公路交通发展新模式,并从主体功能区划、空间拓展、产业布局、生态环境保护、体制与机制创新等维度提出公路交通与区域协调发展的对策。