山东莒南后左山恐龙公园早白垩世恐龙足迹化石初步研究

山东省莒南县后左山恐龙公园内保存了数量众多、形态各异的恐龙足迹化石。该足迹化石群产于早白垩世大盛群田家楼组,主要是兽脚类、鸟脚类恐龙的足迹,尤以前者占优质。最大的一个为椭圆形,大小100cm×70cm,可能系鸟脚类恐龙的足迹。鸟脚类足迹大多为椭圆形,长轴一般30～40cm,常呈幻迹保存。最大的兽脚类足迹为三趾型,长49cm,宽35cm,是大型肉食龙类的足迹;最小的一个长8.5cm,宽4.5cm,可能是虚骨龙类的足迹。另外还发现了少量可能是驰龙的足迹,具有2个很长的趾(Ⅲ和Ⅳ趾),趾间角极小,二者几乎平行。鸟脚类恐龙足迹层位分布局限,但密度较大,产出的层面常发育泥裂、波痕,甚至冰晶痕,与泥岩、粉砂质泥岩等层位相关性较强。     

杭州湾南岸滨海平原土地利用变化对土壤发生层次质量演化的影响

Land use change plays an important part in the studies of global environmental change and regional sustainable development. The change of soil quality can particularly reflect the impacts of human socio-economic activities on environment. Taking the coastal plain of south Hangzhou Bay as a study case, we analyzed the effects of land use changes on organic matter （OM）, total nitrogen （TN）, total phosphorus （TP）, available phosphorus （AP）, available potassium （AK）, total salinity （TS）, pH value in soil genetic layers, and assessed soil quality change related to different land use types from 1982 to 2003. The results show that： （1） The general change tendency of soil quality in the coastal plain of south Hangzhou Bay declined obviously in A layer and slightly rise in B （or P） layer and C （or W） layer. The contents of TP decreased generally in all soil genetic layers, but the variety difference of other soil quality indices was relatively great. （2） The change of soil quality in the areas where land use changed is far more remarkable than that with land use unchanged. The value of quality variety is A layer 〉B （or P） layer 〉C （or W） layer. （3） The changes of soil tillage, cultivation, fertilization, irrigation and drainage activities related to land use may make some soil-forming processes disappeared and bring in other new processes which will affect the soil quality and soil genetic layers directly.     

不同地质雷达测量参数对数据采集效果的影响

地质雷达探测技术的根本环节就是数据采集.通过结合工程实例来探讨不同的地质雷达测量参数对数据采集效果的影响,从而为以后的探测工作提供依据,提高探测质量.     

基于模糊聚类分析法的BDS长基线模糊度解算

为探求BDS长基线模糊度解算的最优组合观测量,基于模糊聚类分析法分别选取2个BDS最优超宽巷组合和1个最优窄巷组合共同构建TCAR模型,分别采用GF_TCAR、GB_TCAR和GIF_TCAR模型对实测BDS长基线进行模糊度解算。实验表明,3种模型解算超宽巷组合模糊度的结果基本一致; GF_TCAR模型解算模糊聚类分析法所得最优窄巷组合(3,0,-2)的相邻历元组合模糊度差值优于常用的(4,2,-5)组合;GB_TCAR模型解算IGSO卫星时,窄巷组合(3,0,-2)的结果优于(4,2,-5)组合,而解算GEO、MEO卫星时2种窄巷组合结果一致;GIF_TCAR模型解算窄巷组合(3,0,-2)的结果略逊于(4,2,-5)组合。     

利用小波变换方法分析跨断层形变异常

为了从跨断层形变观测资料中获取中强地震的前兆异常信息，运用二进小波变换方法和噪声与信号的定量识别方法，分析了不同尺度的小波变换的细节信号变化特征。研究结果表明：(1)不同尺度小波变换分解的细节信号显示出不同的时变特征。当尺度为1时。细节信号主要为噪声；尺度为2、4、5时，细节信号主要为非平稳信号；尺度为3时，细节信号主要为平稳周期信号；(2)每月观测一次的跨断层形变资料在尺度为3时的细节信号有较好的年周期特征；(3)当尺度为3时的细节信号变化超出2倍均方误差时，测点周围200km左右范围内发生中强地震的可能性很大。     

桃源文化旅游探究——以常德桃花源为例

从解读陶渊明《桃花源记》入手,通过大量文献资料的查阅,对桃源是否存在及其发源地的南、北之争等问题进行历史脉络的梳理和探讨,提出桃源文化旅游的概念。对桃源文化旅游资源进行分类和对比,认为桃源文化的核心是桃源意境,即仙化田园,其由村民、村庄和村田3村要素构成,常德桃花源是我国历史最久、文物价值最高、保存规模最大的桃源文化遗存,在我国桃源文化中具有代表性。通过对桃源意境与乡村旅游金字塔模型的对比分析,认为从发生的年代性和内涵的一致性看,桃源意境是乡村旅游的原型;为保护和弘扬民族传统文化,将常德桃花源作为非物质文化传承的载体并申报国家非物质文化遗产具有现实和科学意义。最后,以常德桃花源为例,探讨如何建设大桃花源和实施桃源常德区域旅游发展战略以及打造常德桃源文化旅游品牌。     

Modern (<100 years) sedimentation in the Taiwan Strait: Rates and source-to-sink pathways elucidated from radionuclides and particle size distribution

A large number of sediment cores collected during 2005-2010 from the Taiwan Strait were analyzed for radionuclides (²¹⁰Pb, ¹³⁷Cs and ⁷Be) to elucidate sedimentation dynamics in this all-important gateway linking two largest marginal seas in the western Pacific (namely, the South China Sea and the East China Sea). Apparent sediment accumulation rates derived from ²¹⁰Pb and ¹³⁷Cs profiles vary from <0.1 to >2 cm/yr, averaging ∼0.4 cm/yr and showing a spatial pattern closely related to hydrodynamics and sediment source-to-sink pathways. Spatial-temporal variation of ⁷Be activity in surface sediments off Taiwan’s west coast indicates episodic deposition of flood layers and their mobility from river estuaries toward the north. In conjunction with particle size distribution in surface sediments and the structure of sediment strata revealed by sub-bottom echo images; the radionuclide data can be used to outline three different sediment source-to-sink dispersal systems. Based on sediment loads of surrounding rivers and the distribution of sediment accumulation rates, lateral transport is required to account for the budget and size distribution of sediments in the strait.     

邹平火山岩盆地铜矿找矿远景分析

邹平火山岩盆地是山东省重要的铜矿产地,深入认识其铜矿成矿规律,对于有序地推进战略性铜矿远景调查以及新的铜矿矿产地的发现有着重要意义。文章从区域地质背景分析着手,探讨了铜矿的赋存与青山群八亩地组、方格庄组火山岩地层,闪长岩、闪长玢岩、二长岩、辉长岩等岩体,以及放射状、环形断裂构造之间的空间关系。该区铜矿的赋存部位具有磁力低、电阻率低、激化率低,重力值高等物探异常的特征,空间上具有沿岩浆岩构造带展布、次火山岩内裂隙充填、空间等距、深部尖灭再现等特点。认为在王家庄岩体为中心的王家庄-大临池岩浆岩带,环形二长岩墙的内、外侧以及火山岩盆地深部收缩的"颈部",具有较大的铜矿找矿潜力。大上口—夫村、大临池、于兹山—黄山、黄花山—西窝陀、老人峰—贺家庄地区位于火山岩盆地赋存铜矿的内部构造上,也具备铜矿成矿的地层、断裂构造、岩浆岩、物化探等异常条件,应是今后铜矿勘查工作的远景地区。     

龙卷诱发原因的实例分析

利用雷达、自动站等资料,对一次龙卷过程进行了讨论与研究,详细分析了龙卷发生发展过程中系统结构及环境场特征的变化,并对龙卷的诱发原因进行了动力学探讨,结果表明：龙卷发生于气旋性涡度的高度集中区,对流层中层干冷空气的入侵,构成了上冷下暖的对流不稳定结构,当风场中的强风速带移近时,风速带上激发出中气旋系列,对流不稳定的加强,促使中气旋垂直对流强烈发展,从而导致龙卷天气的产生,进一步的动力学分析表明,当存在有较强的风垂直切变时,中尺度涡度方程中的倾斜项是造成中尺度扰动涡度变化的主要贡献者,也是这次龙卷天气产生的重要原因之一。     

A normalization-based watermarking scheme for 2D vector map data

Copyright protection of 2-dimensional (2D) vector map data is of great importance in the community of geographic information sciences. However, no blind, imperceptible and robust algorithm has been proposed by far. To fill the gap, this paper puts forwards a normalization-based watermarking algorithm for 2D vector map data: firstly, each coordinate of the original vector map data is normalized, and the watermark is shuffled; then the shuffled watermark is multiply embedded in the normalized vector data. After this, the coordinates of the watermarked data is restored (i.e. anti-normalized) for normal use. Once a suspicious copyright piracy appears, the watermarked data is re-normalized and the watermark can be detected and extracted. Our mathematical proofs and experiments have shown that the scheme owns four features that a good watermarking algorithm should possesses, i.e. usability, invisibility, blindness and robustness: the precision of the watermarked data can be guaranteed (usability); the users cannot perceive the embedded watermark (invisibility); the watermark can be extracted without knowing the original data and the original watermark; and the algorithm can resist a number of attacks such as translation, scaling, vertices reordering, vertex deletion, vertex insertion, vertex modification, cropping, and data format transformation (robustness).