Paleoclimatic implications of the spatial patterns of modern and LGM European land-snail shell δO

The oxygen isotopic composition of land-snail shells may provide insight into the source region and trajectory of precipitation. Last glacial maximum (LGM) gastropod shells were sampled from loess from Belgium to Serbia and modern land-snail shells both record δ¹⁸O values between 0‰ and − 5‰. There are significant differences in mean fossil shell δ¹⁸O between sites but not among genera at a single location. Therefore, we group δ¹⁸O values from different genera together to map the spatial distribution of δ¹⁸O in shell carbonate. Shell δ¹⁸O values reflect the spatial variation in the isotopic composition of precipitation and incorporate the snails' preferential sampling of precipitation during the warm season. Modern shell δ¹⁸O decreases in Europe along a N-S gradient from the North Sea inland toward the Alps. Modern observed data of isotopes in precipitation (GNIP) demonstrate a similar trend for low-altitude sites. LGM shell δ¹⁸O data show a different gradient with δ¹⁸O declining toward the ENE, implying a mid-Atlantic source due to increased sea ice and a possible southern displacement of the westerly jet stream. Balkan LGM samples show the influence of a Mediterranean source, with δ¹⁸O values decreasing northward.     

Molecular and isotopic partitioning of low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons during migration and gas hydrate precipitation in deposits of a high-flux seepage site

Detailed knowledge of the extent of post-genetic modifications affecting shallow submarine hydrocarbons fueled from the deep subsurface is fundamental for evaluating source and reservoir properties. We investigated gases from a submarine high-flux seepage site in the anoxic Eastern Black Sea in order to elucidate molecular and isotopic alterations of low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons (LMWHC) associated with upward migration through the sediment and precipitation of shallow gas hydrates. For this, near-surface sediment pressure cores and free gas venting from the seafloor were collected using autoclave technology at the Batumi seep area at 845 m water depth within the gas hydrate stability zone.Vent gas, gas from pressure core degassing, and from hydrate dissociation were strongly dominated by methane (> 99.85 mol.% of ∑[C₁–C₄, CO₂]). Molecular ratios of LMWHC (C₁/[C₂ + C₃] > 1000) and stable isotopic compositions of methane (δ¹³C = ? 53.5‰ V-PDB; D/H around ? 175‰ SMOW) indicated predominant microbial methane formation. C₁/C₂₊ ratios and stable isotopic compositions of LMWHC distinguished three gas types prevailing in the seepage area. Vent gas discharged into bottom waters was depleted in methane by > 0.03 mol.% (∑[C₁–C₄, CO₂]) relative to the other gas types and the virtual lack of ¹⁴C–CH₄ indicated a negligible input of methane from degradation of fresh organic matter. Of all gas types analyzed, vent gas was least affected by molecular fractionation, thus, its origin from the deep subsurface rather than from decomposing hydrates in near-surface sediments is likely.As a result of the anaerobic oxidation of methane, LMWHC in pressure cores in top sediments included smaller methane fractions [0.03 mol.% ∑(C₁–C₄, CO₂)] than gas released from pressure cores of more deeply buried sediments, where the fraction of methane was maximal due to its preferential incorporation in hydrate lattices. No indications for stable carbon isotopic fractionations of methane during hydrate crystallization from vent gas were found. Enrichments of ¹⁴C–CH₄ (1.4 pMC) in short cores relative to lower abundances (max. 0.6 pMC) in gas from long cores and gas hydrates substantiates recent methanogenesis utilizing modern organic matter deposited in top sediments of this high-flux hydrocarbon seep area.     

南华北盆地青白口系—侏罗系层序界面时空分布特征研究

以位于秦岭—大别造山带之北、华北陆块南部、地跨华北陆块稳定块体、陆块南部边缘变形带的南华北盆地为研究对象,通过对研究区42条不同时代的野外剖面详细观测,运用层序地层学理论,把南华北盆地作为一个整体系统,对青白口系—侏罗系层序界面特征及时空分布规律进行了系统分析,共识别出了8种类型层序界面的物质表现形式,分别是不整合面、渣状层、古喀斯特作用面、冲刷侵蚀面、超覆面、岩性岩相转换面、最大海泛面、最大湖泛面。并重点讨论了各类型界面的时空分布特征。结果表明：在时间演化上,从早到晚由海相—海陆过渡相—陆相,层序界面经历了海相沉积不整合、古喀斯特作用面、渣状层到陆相不整合面、冲刷侵蚀面等;在空间上,同一层序界面在不同相带表现形式不同,同一种类型的界面可在不同相带出现,但不同相带表现特征有一定差异性。     

承德黑山矿区钻孔纠斜技术及防斜技术措施

近两年,河北承德黑山矿区钻孔顶角、方位超差一直是困扰地质技术人员和钻探施工人员的一大难题,针对生产实际问题,采用LZ-73（89）造斜器进行纠偏,取得了较好的效果。此外,在分析钻孔跑偏的主要原因和总结施工经验的基础上,提出了预防钻孔偏斜的技术措施,实践证明措施科学有效。     

鲁西地区石门山—凤仙山岩体的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年及形成时代

鲁西地区石门山岩体主要岩性为片麻状花岗闪长岩,原划为新太古代早期侵入岩。根据新测锆石SHRIMPU-Pb年龄为（2530±8）Ma,其形成时代确定为新太古代晚期。凤仙山岩体为中粒二长花岗岩,锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为（2513±12）Ma,并侵入片麻状花岗闪长岩。石门山岩体属峄山岩套,为TTG质花岗岩,是地幔岩浆侵入混入地壳物质形成的。凤仙山岩体属傲徕山岩套二长花岗岩,为上地壳物质重熔（深熔）作用形成的。峄山岩套TTG类岩石是2560~2530 Ma壳幔岩浆活动的产物,岩体普遍具有片麻状构造,表明经历变质变形作用。未受区域变质作用的傲徕山岩套大规模壳源花岗岩是2530~2500 Ma地壳物质部分熔融形成的,与华北克拉通新太古代末超大陆拼合有关,2530 Ma是鲁西地区重要的构造热事件发生时期。     

The crystal structure of waylandite from Wheal Remfry, Cornwall, United Kingdom

Sr- and Ca-rich waylandite, $ {\left( {{\hbox{B}}{{\hbox{i}}_{0.{54}}}{\hbox{S}}{{\hbox{r}}_{0.{31}}}{\hbox{C}}{{\hbox{a}}_{0.{25}}}{{\hbox{K}}_{0.0{1}}}{\hbox{B}}{{\hbox{a}}_{0.0{1}}}} \right)_{\Sigma 1.12}}{{\hbox{H}}_{0.{18}}}{\left( {{\hbox{A}}{{\hbox{l}}_{{2}.{96}}}{\hbox{C}}{{\hbox{u}}_{0.0{2}}}} \right)_{\Sigma 2.98}}{\left[ {{{\left( {{{\hbox{P}}_{0.{97}}}{{\hbox{S}}_{0.0{3}}}{\hbox{S}}{{\hbox{i}}_{0.0{1}}}} \right)}_{\Sigma 1.00}}{{\hbox{O}}_4}} \right]_2}{\left( {\hbox{OH}} \right)_6} $ , from Wheal Remfry, Cornwall, United Kingdom has been investigated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and electron microprobe analyses. Waylandite crystallises in space group R $ \overline 3 $ ? m, with the cell parameters: a?=?7.0059(7) Å, c?=?16.3431(12) Å and V?=?694.69(11) ų. The crystal structure has been refined to R ₁?=?3.76%. Waylandite has an alunite-type structure comprised of a rhombohedral stacking of (001) composite layers of corner-shared AlO₆ octahedra and PO₄ tetrahedra, with (Bi,Sr,Ca) atoms occupying icosahedrally coordinated sites between the layers.     

湖北宜昌重要地质遗迹资源特征及发展模式探讨

本文系统总结了湖北宜昌地区省级及省级以上地质遗迹资源,认为该地区地质遗迹分布规律主要可概括为两个方面,一是受控于地形和河流的综合作用,以各类地貌景观遗迹为特点;二是各个地质时代地层剖面齐全,古生物化石产地聚集.其中可归类为世界级地质遗迹点为5个,均以"古生物化石"为核心,分别为三峡地区埃迪卡拉生物群、长阳寒武纪清江生物...     

天然气水合物样品带压转移装置的抓捕机构设计

在天然气水合物岩心样品的带压转移过程中,岩心衬管抓捕装置是实现样品转移的关键。岩心抓取是在岩心管内进行,属于非可视化操作过程,同时岩心样品和抓捕器都处于高压液体中,岩心衬管与岩心管之间的间隙非常小,要保证岩心样品的原位状态,对岩心抓捕装置的结构设计、精准定位、快速抓取和释放都有很高的要求。根据该装置所需实现的抓取、拖动、定位和释放功能,设计挂盘自锁和触碰解锁机构,探针抓取衬管,经过室内抓捕实验,该机构可以顺利抓捕和解卡,其结构简单,能在压力状态下进行岩心转移,加快了天然气水合物样品的带压转移装置的研究进展。     

东昆仑造山带西段早古生代花岗岩锆石LA-ICP-MS年龄、岩石地球化学特征及地质意义

笔者等对东昆仑造山带西段克其克孜苏花岗岩开展岩石学、岩石地球化学及LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学研究,探讨岩体的形成时代、成因及地质意义.研究表明,克其克孜苏花岗岩中的锆石U-Pb加权平均年龄为442.3±4.4 Ma(MSWD=2.7),为晚奥陶世—早志留世,是区域上新解体出的早古生代花岗岩.花岗岩SiO2含量...     

中国蛇绿岩清理——兼论蛇绿岩研究的新思路

中国蛇绿岩研究取得了很大的成绩,也存在许多问题。文中简要评述了日喀则、三江、青海、北秦岭、中亚造山带、东北以及中国南方蛇绿岩的若干问题,指出中国划归入蛇绿岩的地质体（组合）太多了,把许多可能不是蛇绿岩的地质体（组合）也当成了蛇绿岩。当前需要做的是去伪存真,对中国蛇绿岩进行一次认真的清理。文中指出,地幔橄榄岩无疑是蛇绿岩最重要的成员,它来自洋壳下。世界上还有另一类来自陆壳下的地幔岩,被称为“造山橄榄岩”。因此,地幔橄榄岩并非蛇绿岩所独有。此外,有越来越多的数据表明,在许多不同的构造背景下都可以出现类似MORB（大洋中脊玄武岩）地球化学性质的玄武岩,例如洋岛、岛弧、大陆溢流玄武岩、板内玄武岩以及太古宙（拉斑玄武岩和科马提岩）等。因此,不能简单地认为一个地区只要有了地幔橄榄岩和MORB就是蛇绿岩了。文中回顾了蛇绿岩研究的两个发展阶段：前一个阶段以1972年的彭罗斯会议为标志,开启了蛇绿岩研究的新篇章,当时的学术界主要关注蛇绿岩的岩石学和地球化学问题,关心蛇绿岩的岩石组合。新的阶段是从20世纪后期逐渐发展起来的,于近期取得了突出的进展。笔者等强调指出,蛇绿岩（野外出露更多的是蛇绿混杂岩）即蛇绿岩套,它不仅包括一个特定的岩石组合,还包括深海沉积。文中肯定了中外学术界在蛇绿岩构造研究方面获得的许多新发现、新思路和新进展。此外,大数据和地球物理方法也是非常有意义的。蛇绿岩是一个复杂体系,不确定的问题相当多。它们的解决需要构造地质学家、地层学家、古生物学家、岩石学家、地球化学家、年代学家以及地球物理学家的共同努力。