Hydrological Processes in the Huaihe River Basin,China: Seasonal Variations,Causes and Implications

Understanding streamflow changes in terms of trends and periodicities and relevant causes is the first step into scientific management of water resources in a changing environment. In this study, monthly streamflow variations were analyzed using Modified Mann-Kendall(MM-K) trend test and Continuous Wavelet Transform(CWT) methods at 9 hydrological stations in the Huaihe River Basin. It was found that: 1) streamflow mainly occurs during May to September, accounting for 70.4% of the annual total streamflowamount with Cv values between 0.16–0.85 and extremum ratio values between 1.70–23.90; 2) decreased streamflow can be observed in the Huaihe River Basin and significant decreased streamflow can be detected during April and May, which should be the results of precipitation change and increased irrigation demand; 3) significant periods of 2–4 yr were detected during the 1960 s, the 1980 s and the 2000 s. Different periods were found at stations concentrated within certain regions implying periods of streamflow were caused by different influencing factors for specific regions; 4) Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO) has the most significant impacts on monthly streamflow mainly during June. Besides, Southern Oscillation Index(SOI), North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO) and the Ni?o3.4 Sea Surface Temperature(Ni?o3.4) have impacts on monthly streamflow with three months lags, and was less significant in time lag of six months. Identification of critical climatic factors having impacts on streamflow changes can help to predict monthly streamflow changes using climatic factors as explanatory variables. These findings were well corroborated by results concerning impacts of El Nino-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) regimes on precipitation events across the Huaihe River Basin. The results of this study can provide theoretical background for basin-scale management of water resources and agricultural irrigation.     

模拟水源地开采法在岩溶水系统开采资源评价中的应用─—以丹河岩溶水系统为例

由于大规模开发岩溶地下水,出现了多个水源地之间互相干扰、保泉洪水互相矛盾等诸多环境问题。如何在这种复杂情况下科学地评价开采资源已成为亟待解决的问题。本文通过对丹河岩溶地下水系统岩溶水文地质条件的分析、概化,提出了模拟水源地开采法,即在二维数值法评价数学模型上叠加一系列的模拟开采水源地,在多种约束条件下进行岩溶地下水系统开采方案的优化,是一种经济效益显著的水资源评价方法。      

煤层气泡沫水泥浆固井工艺技术及现场应用

针对沁水盆地南部煤层气井储层压力低、易漏失、易坍塌的特点,开发了超低密度泡沫水泥浆体系及暂堵型前置液体系,并形成了泡沫水泥浆固井技术。泡沫水泥浆体系密度为1.10~1.20 g/cm³,具有良好的流动性能、无游离液、沉降稳定性好、API失水量小于50 mL/30 min、稠化时间合理、水泥石强度高等优点;暂堵型前置液体系具有良好的流变性能,对3号煤层具有良好的堵漏能力。根据钻井过程中出现的漏失情况、完钻后的钻井液返出情况及井壁稳定情况,从固井浆体的用量、顶替液的顶替排量等方面总结了泡沫水泥浆固井的配套工艺措施。在沁水盆地南部现场试验了4口井,取得了较好的效果。     

南海西北部沉积物捕获器中颗石藻通量和属种组成变化记录

本文利用沉积物捕获器回收的连续时间序列沉降颗粒物样品,研究了南海西北部海南岸外陆坡外缘海域颗石藻的通量和属种组成变化及其环境意义。研究发现,东亚夏季风引起的海南岸外上升流以及冬季风导致的混合层深度增加都会刺激该区域颗石藻的生长,其中夏季上升流的影响尤为显著。从颗石粒属种组成来看,Florisphaera profunda是南海西北部中深层(1 000m)水体中主要的颗石粒优势种,此外Emiliania huxleyi,Gephyrocapsa oceanica和Gephyrocaps ericsonii等属种含量也颇高。然而在将颗石粒折算成颗石球数量后,Emiliania huxleyi则成为主要优势种。沉积物捕获器中F.profunda的相对百分含量与颗石粒总通量呈显著的负相关,表明F.profunda的相对含量与总的颗石藻生产力有着密切联系。本结果对于利用沉积物中的颗石藻记录,尤其是F.profunda相对含量变化,恢复和重建古海洋环境尤其是古海洋生产力的研究提供了直接的理论证据。     

Permo-Carboniferous Radiolarians from the Wupata''''erkan Group,Western South Tianshan, Xinjiang, China

1 IntroductionThe Wupata'erkan Group, also called Wupata'erkanFormation (Wang et al., 1990), in the western SouthTianshan, China (Fig. 1), mainly comprises gray and darkgray fine-grained clastic rocks, interlayered with medium-acidic volcanic rocks (andesite and quartz porphyry),carbonates, cherts and variegated tuffaceousconglomerates. The chert in the formation was firstly foundin our field trip along sections of the Qiqi'erjianakesu Riverand Kekebiele Daban. Deformation of the group is…     

Study of a model for correcting the effects of horizontal advection on surface fluxes measurement based on remote sensing

As well known, the methods of remote sensing and Bowen Ratio for retrieving surface flux are based on energy balance closure; however, in most cases, surface energy observed in experiment is lack of closure. There are two main causes for this: one is from the errors of the observation devices and the differences of their observational scale; the other lies in the effect of horizontal advection on the surface flux measurement. Therefore, it is very important to estimate the effects of horizontal advection quantitatively. Based on the local advection theory and the surface experiment, a model has been proposed for correcting the effect of horizontal advection on surface flux measurement, in which the relationship between the fetch of the measurement and pixel size for remote sensed data was considered. By means of numerical simulations, the sensitivities of the main parameters in the model and the scaling problems of horizontal advection were analyzed. At last, by using the observational data acquired in agricultural field with relatively homogeneous surface, the model was validated.

     

A GNSS interference identification using an adaptive cascading IIR notch filter

A low-complexity time-domain approach for global navigation satellite systems is proposed to detect and identify single-tone, multi-tone, swept continuous wave interference (CWI) and band-limited white Gaussian noise (BLWN). An adaptive notch filter and adaptive cascading filter structure are employed to identify the type of interference signals. The number of the cascading stages is selected by comparing the total power in receiver bandpass, and after, passing the adaptive notch filter. For this reason, the proposed filter structure is more efficient in identifying and mitigating interference signals than the conventional filter structure. In addition, the automatic gain control gain is used to detect the existence of continuous wave interference. The performance of the interference detection and identification method is evaluated for the cases of GPS signal in the presence of single-tone, multi-tone, swept CWI and BLWN.     

山西省层状云飞机云物理观测试验结果分析

利用山西省2008年-2010年64架次云结构的粒子测量系统（DMT）探测资料,配合地面观测和卫星资料统计分析了层状云系的宏微观特征。发现：降水性层状云低云含水量垂直方向上平均为0．03g,m^3,中云含水量垂直方向上平均为0．05g／m30对比分析降水云和非降水云系的微物理特征量,两者存在显著的差异,降水性层状云云粒子有效半径要达到10μm-14μm。对云系不同温度层的微物理特征和云中水分按不同粒子尺度的分配特征进行了对比分析,结果表明：降水性层状云在垂直方向上的微物理结构特征非常明显,也是分层的。高层主要是冰相粒子,主要是冰雪晶,随高度降低冰雪晶的尺度增大,在四个典型温度层的观测中,LWC、云粒子及降水的浓度、尺度相较有很大不同。云中水分按不同粒子尺度的分配可以看出,直径20μm、30μm的粒子含水量较高,对云中液态水含量的贡献较大,降水粒子主要由20μm、30μm的粒子转化。     

金沙江下游支流黑水河松新电站幼鱼下行过坝研究

梯级小水电的开发一定程度上破坏了河流连通性并阻碍了鱼类洄游通道。黑水河流域松新坝址为了满足鱼类上行产卵修建了松新鱼道,然而作为洄游物种生命周期中的关键行为,鱼类下行洄游的需求也同等重要。为了寻求一种可行、高效、低损伤的下行过鱼方式,了解河流中不同环境因素对鱼类下行效率的影响,本研究在金沙江下游支流黑水河松新水电站补水通道开展鱼类下行过坝效果评估研究。针对两种鲤科鱼类(棒花鱼Abbottina rivularis和短须裂腹鱼Schizothorax wangchiachii)幼鱼和两种鳅科鱼类(短体副鳅Paracobitis potanini和红尾副鳅Paracobitis variegatus)幼鱼各放鱼90尾,定量分析鱼种、水体透明度、放鱼位置、流量、水温、水位等因素对鱼类下行效率的影响。结果表明:棒花鱼、短须裂腹鱼、短体副鳅、红尾副鳅的下行率依次为22.22%(20尾)、28.89%(26尾)、8.89%(8尾)、15.56%(14尾);幼鱼下行成功率与上游河道水温呈正相关趋势,且放鱼位置、鱼种、上游河道水温和流量均对鱼类下行成功率有显著影响。通过构建二元Logistic回归模型识...     

“06.7”郧西暴雨天气的成因分析

利用常规气象资料和卫星云图资料,采用天气学诊断方法,从大尺度环流背景、天气系统、物理量场、对流云团演变特征等方面,分析了2006年7月3～4日出现在湖北郧西的一次暴雨天气过程的成因。结果表明,此次暴雨是在副热带高压减弱东退