长江三角洲地区可持续发展的态势与对策

长江三角洲自20世纪90年代以来经济发展非常迅速, 在全国的地位不断上升, 且其产业结构也在逐步改善。外商投资在该区异常活跃, 投资规模越来越大, 2003年实际利用外资占全国的比例已达45.55%。该地区还是我国区域经济合作发展实施进程较快、力度较大、政府重视程度较高的地区。但长江三角洲在发展中仍存在不少问题, 如引进外资的整体层次不高、耕地流失严重且建设用地的集约化程度较低、能源缺口较大、交通运输紧张及生态环境恶化等。长江三角洲地区目前虽然出现了这些问题, 但不能由此而限制它的发展, 要充分利用长江三角洲有利的区位优势, 走可持续发展道路, 在发展中解决问题。具体应该做到要切实明确长江三角洲在全国区域经济分工中的地位, 在提高产业发展层次的同时, 不可放松对劳动密集型产业的发展, 并以科学发展观为指导, 加强土地资源和能源的管理, 加速环境保护和生态修复工作的进程。     

大别山苏家河地区榴辉岩和大理岩的地球化学研究

对大别山西段苏家河地区熊店和杨冲低温榴辉岩及胡家湾榴闪岩进行了详细的氢、氧和锶、钕同位素以及稀土元素和矿物化学分析。熊店榴辉岩和胡家湾榴闪岩的全岩δ＾１８Ｏ值较高（８．８‰￣１１．２‰）,而杨冲榴辉岩的全岩δ＾１８Ｏ值较低（４．３‰）,它们的全岩δＤ值为－５５‰￣７５‰。结合锶、钕同位素和稀土元素组成特征,推测苏家河榴辉岩（榴闪岩）的原岩可能为岛弧玄武岩,变质前曾与海水在不同温度下进行过氢、氧同位     

深埋煤层开采顶板泥砂溃涌灾害多源信息评价

深埋煤层采场顶板泥砂溃涌灾害是由于泥岩顶板遇水发生松散崩解,在矿压作用下泥砂集中溃入井下的综合性灾害,其灾害发生受到含水层、矿山压力、地质构造等多因素影响。以黄陇煤田照金煤矿为研究区,在灾害发生机理研究的基础上,讨论了灾害发生的主要影响因子,最终选取洛河组含水层富水性、煤层到洛河组含水层距离、宜君组砾岩厚度、煤层上覆杂色泥岩厚度、煤层到杂色泥岩距离、单位面积断层密度、褶皱构造分布和煤层开采厚度8个主控因素,采用层次分析权重赋值方法,确定影响灾害发生的各主控因素权重,构建煤层顶板泥砂溃涌灾害危险性评价数学模型;绘制主控因素专题图并进行栅格赋值,通过信息融合叠加方法将各因素进行叠加,最终形成多源信息融合的照金煤矿煤层顶板泥砂溃涌灾害综合分区。研究结果表明,照金煤矿ZF202工作面所在区域该类灾害发生的危险性高,与实际开采过程中曾发生的“4·25”重大事故发生区域较为吻合,说明本次危险性评价模型构建合理,分区结果可用于指导矿井的开采布设与泥砂溃涌灾害防治。移动阅读     

Turbulence modeling of compound open-channel flows with and without vegetation on the floodplain using the Reynolds stress model

A Reynolds stress model for the numerical simulation of compound open-channel flows with vegetation on the floodplain is described. The Reynolds stress model consists of various sub-models such as Speziale et al.’s model, Mellor and Herring’s model, and Rotta’s model for the pressure–strain correlation term, the turbulent diffusion term, and the dissipation term, respectively. For validation of the model, plain compound open-channel flows are simulated. The computed results were compared with measured data by [Tominaga A, Nezu I. Turbulent structure in compound open-channel flows. J Hydraul Eng, ASCE 1991;117(1):21–41] and the results show that the Reynolds stress model successfully simulates the mean flow and turbulence structure of plain compound channel flows. The model was then applied to compound open-channel flows with vegetated floodplains. Good agreement between the simulated results and data from an algebraic stress model by [Naot D, Nezu I, Nakagawa H. Hydrodynamic behavior of partly vegetated open channels. J Hydraul Eng, ASCE 1996;122(11):625–33] was found. However, it was shown that the RSM is capable of predicting the velocity dip and lateral shift in the maximum streamwise velocity, which were not observed in the data from algebraic stress modeling. Finally, a depth-averaged analysis of the streamwise momentum equation was performed to investigate the lateral momentum transfer in compound channel flows with vegetated floodplains. Compared with components by the secondary currents and Reynolds stress, the drag force due to the presence of vegetation appears to be a factor in reducing the bottom shear stress in both main channel and floodplain.     

Studies on groundwater recharge characteristics at a reclaimed land site with an equatorial climate using time‐series and spectral analyses

Groundwater recharge studies are essential for investigating the feasibility of using the reclaimed lands in Singapore for subsurface storage and recovery of water. Through time‐series and spectral analyses, net recharge percentages and stress‐filtering characteristics at the reclaimed land were found to depend strongly on the stress transfer velocity, which was a combined function of rainfall pattern and vadose zone thickness. Based on stress transfer velocity, a theory was established to provide logical explanations for the rainfall–recharge relationship, the observed stress‐filtering characteristics and the recharge percentage characteristics at the unconfined sandy aquifer. Although the reclaimed land site has a lithollogically homogeneous soil profile, a non‐uniform recharge pattern was observed to be influenced pronouncedly by the uneven density distribution of bush grasses. Under a bare soil condition, significantly lower recharge percentages were observed for areas under the influence of offshore tides. The unconfined sandy aquifer appears to dampen out the wave propagation of offshore tides rapidly within a short distance from the tidal source, though it has a fairly straight shoreline and is created from highly compacted sand fills. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高美古全夜视宁度的变化

介绍了云南丽江高美古天文候选点,１９９５年１２月～１９９６年１１月全夜视宁度观测结果：全年平均ｒ０＝１６．５０ｃｍ（ＦＷＨＭ＝０．６７″）,夜平均极大值ｒｍａｘ＝２２．４１ｃｍ（０．４９″）,夜平均极小值ｒｍｉｎ＝１２．９５ｃｍ（０．８５″）。     

江汉平原土地类型与综合自然区划

基于对自然环境特征的分析，本文划分江汉平原的土地类型，运用土地类型结构数量分析方法，自下而上地作了江汉平原综合自然区划，揭示自然环境的地域分异规律。     

Analyzing Spatial and Temporal Changes of Aquaculture in Yunlin County,Taiwan*

This article analyzes spatial and temporal changes of aquaculture land use in Yunlin County, Taiwan, and discusses the driving forces for these changes. Digital land‐use maps and satellite imagery for 1982, 1988, 1994, and 2002 were used to extract aquaculture areas. A geographic information system was used to derive changes in aquaculture areas and to compute the spatial clustering statistics over time. A survey of eighty‐seven farmers was conducted to obtain their views and concerns about aquaculture. The results show a rapid expansion in aquaculture during the 1980s, driven mainly by exports to Japan, and a continuous decline since the mid‐1990s because of economic, environmental, and demographic factors.     

计算机在地质构造成图中数学方法及原理研究

目前利用计算机绘制图形的软件很多,特别是作平面等值线图的软件,如ＳＵＲＦＥＲ、ＧＲＡ－ＰＨＥＲ等,但这些软件在平面上作图时均不考虑地质构造线,因此这些图件远不能满足地质工作者的需要。为此,本文为了解决上述问题从数学方法、原理方面作一简要说明,对于计算机处理过程作了较完整的叙述。