武汉市近20年土地利用/覆被变化遥感监测与分析

为探究武汉市土地利用时空变化特征,基于Landsat遥感影像数据,从土地利用动态度、土地利用状态指数两个方面分析了武汉市2000—2019年的土地利用时空变化格局.结果表明:①武汉市水域面积直线下降,下降速度较稳定,平均年缩减率为1.76％;而建设用地面积逐年增加,由市中心向四周呈"辐射式"扩张,增速逐渐减缓;②耕地和...     

基于交叉梯度结构约束的大地电磁主轴各向异性并行三维反演

各向异性介质对大地电磁观测数据的影响往往不可忽略,因此需要提高大地电磁各向异性三维反演的可靠性和有效性.为了满足大地电磁各向异性三维反演的需求,本文研究了一种基于交叉梯度结构约束的大地电磁主轴各向异性并行三维反演算法.根据大地电磁平面波理论假设,正演方程采用背景场与二次场分离的计算方式,二次场利用交错网格有限差分法求解.由于各向异性反演的多解性,本文将各向异性介质简化为主轴各向异性,并在此基础上进一步采用有限内存拟牛顿LBFGS法实现三维各向异性反演.为了提高各向异性反演的分辨率,反演目标函数中引入交叉梯度项,利用先验的结构信息,对三个方向的电阻率参数进行结构约束,最终的反演进一步利用MPI（Message Passing Interface,消息传递接口）技术实现分频并行计算,测试结果显示并行接近线性加速比.

     

Geochemistry and geochronology of A-type basement granitoids in the north-central Aravalli Craton:Implications on Paleoproterozoic geodynamics of NW Indian Block

The basement granite gneisses from the north-central Aravalli Craton in NW India were investigated for geochemistry and geochronology.In a peneplain terrain,the granite gneiss outcrops are scanty and samples were collected mainly from two small hills and several ground-level exposures in the Sakhun–Ladera region.Wellfoliated granite gneiss is the dominant lithology that also hosts dark,lenticular enclaves,and is in turn,intruded by mafic dykes.The granite gneiss has silica content ranging from 61.37 wt.% to 68.27 wt.% that marks a slight overlap with the enclaves(54.32 wt.% to 62.17 wt.%).Both groups have a high K_2O/Na_2O(～2 or higher) ratio.Geochemically,the granite gneiss classify as granite–granodiorite,and enclaves as granodiorite-diorite.The In-situ LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb geochronology of granite gneiss has yielded a statistically valid 1721 ± 9 Ma age that we interpret as the emplacement age for the granitic protolith.Geochemical characteristics of granite gneiss underline fractional crystallization of an I-type melt as the main process,and continuity of trends in enclaves underlines their mutual genetic link.The genetic association is further verified by a consistency in the trace element characteristics and REE patterns.The Nd-isotope signatures define a single grouping for both granite gneiss and enclaves,with εNd(t) values ranging from-6.38 to-6.61,further substantiating a common source.The geochemical tectonic discrimination schemes consistently point toward an extensional setting and A-type characteristics for granite gneiss and enclaves.These are analogous to the coeval(1.72–1.75 Ga),A-type granitoids from the Khetri and Alwar basin in the North Delhi Fold Belt,implying a much larger areal extent for the Paleoproterozoic anorogenic magmatism in the northern segment of the Aravalli Craton.The Paleoproterozoic age for the presumed ‘Archean' basement in this region offers tacit evidence that the BGC–II is a stratigraphically younger terrane as compared to the Archean age,BGC–I.     

反射波成像与纵波径向速度成像在华北油田裂缝型碳酸盐岩储层勘探开发中的联合应用

碳酸盐岩地层因成藏复杂,缝洞储层非均质性强、常规测井响应特征不明显,给勘探和有效开发带来较大难度。缝洞型储层有效性评价是深层油气勘探开发中面临的主要难题。对于储层中尺度较小的裂缝,由于地震的分辨率较低,常规测井方法探测深度较浅,难以对数十米地质构造进行准确评价。近年来发展起来的单井偶极横波反射成像技术能够有效利用低频横波的传播特点,对井旁20～30 m范围内的声反射体进行成像。纵波径向速度成像技术利用多接收阵列反演井壁1 m以内的纵波速度变化,能较好地指示储层的可改造性。偶极横波反射成像较好地发现井壁裂缝延伸以及井旁裂缝,纵波径向速度成像可反映井壁附近储层纵波速度变化,综合认为裂缝较发育,延伸较远或存在井旁隐蔽裂缝储层且井壁纵波径向速度变化较大的层段,具有较好的储层改造潜力。应用该方法对华北油田河西务潜山几口井进行处理分析,分析结果与储层改造后产液有较好的对应性,值得进一步推广应用。     

中国数字地震台网的建设与发展

地震台站作为地震系统基础单元,是设置地震监测设施并开展地震监测的基层机构,完备的地震监测设施和良好的地震观测环境是地震观测的基础。掌握完整、准确的地震台站基础信息是做好地震台站管理的关键。由于观测手段更新、观测环境变迁和建设条件差异的原因,投入运行后的地震台站基础信息与规划设计有偏差,一定程度上影响地震观测数据的准确性和有效性。本文论述了地震台站基础信息完善的意义,通过实例说明准确、有效的地震台站基础信息,在地震观测干扰排查、观测环境保护和台站升级改造方面的应用,旨在引起行业重视地震台站基础信息的收集、管理和应用,进而确保地震观测数据科学有效。     

大跨度连续钢桁栱梁施工测量技术研究

大跨度连续钢桁栱梁施工测量是一项精密的工程测量,具有跨度大,钢梁杆件刚性大,合龙口多,合龙口合龙点多等特点。因钢梁杆件运输变形、制造误差、安装误差等因素影响,会造成钢梁的安装线形与设计线形不符等情况。在钢梁施工过程中在合理的工况、气象条件下通过控制网复测与加密进行测量,可以提高测量精度。根据监控指令对钢梁线形进行调整,可实现钢梁"零"误差合龙,合龙后的线形、栱度满足设计要求。     

Research on Formation Mechanisms of Hot Dry Rock Resources in China

As an important geothermal resource, hot dry rock(HDR) reserves have been studied in many countries. HDR resources in China have huge capacity and have become one of the most important resources for the potential replacement of fossil fuels. However, HDR resources are difficult to develop and utilise. Technologies for use with HDR, such as high–temperature drilling, reservoir characterisation, reservoir fracturing, microseismic monitoring and high–temperature power stations, originate from the field of oil and drilling. Addressing how to take advantage of these developed technologies is a key factor in the development of HDR reserves. Based on the thermal crustal structure in China, HDR resources can be divided into four types: high radioactive heat production, sedimentary basin, modern volcano and the inner–plate active tectonic belt. The prospective regions of HDR resources are located in South Tibet, West Yunnan, the southeast coast of China, Bohai Rim, Songliao Basin and Guanzhong Basin. The related essential technologies are relatively mature, and the prospect of HDR power generation is promising. Therefore, analysing the formation mechanisms of HDR resources and promoting the transformation of technological achievements, large–scale development and the utilisation of HDR resources can be achieved in China.     

Two-dimensional landslide dynamic simulation based on a velocity-weakening friction law

Surprisingly, hypermobility (high velocity and long run-out) is a remarkable feature of large landslides and is still poorly understood. In this paper, a velocity-weakening friction law is incorporated into a depth-averaged landslide model for explaining the higher mobility mechanism of landslides. In order to improve the precision of the calculation, a coupled numerical method based on the finite volume method is proposed to solve the model equations. Finally, several numerical tests are performed to verify the stability of the algorithm and reliability of the model. The comparison between numerical results and experimental data indicates that the presented model can predict the movement of landslide accurately. Considering the effect of velocity-weakening friction law, the presented model can better reflect the hypermobility of landslide than the conventional Mohr–Coulomb friction model. This work shows that the application of a universal velocity-weakening friction law is effective in describing the hypermobility of landslide and predicting the extent of landslides.     

An Analytical Solution for Dynamic Response of the Plate with Different Impedances Subjected to Underwater Explosion

In this paper, the transmitted part of the incident wave is considered to revise Taylor’s solution, which is used to extend its application for analytical models to predict the response of the plate with different material properties. The influence of the material properties and the boundary condition of the plate on fluid and structural dynamics is systematically investigated. The analytical results are compared with those of detailed dynamic FE simulations and the two are in good agreement. The results indicate that the analytical method is valid and suitable for the plates with different material properties subjected to underwater explosion. It is found that Taylor’s results of the plate with small impedance are invalid, which indicates a potential application field for the analytical method.