太阳活动区的磁场观测

我们利用北京天文台太阳磁场望远镜在1983年投入试观测期间取得的资料,对该年6月份的一群黑子的磁场以及耀斑作了综合分析,得到一些结论。以光球纵场为边界条件,计算了常α无力场。根据挤压无力场耀斑模式,我们认为耀斑爆发的能量,来自异极性黑子的相互靠近。磁中性线的扭曲程度,反映了无力场的状态。     

实测大气折射值的新方法

简单评述了现有各种版本的大气折射表所依据的理论基础和编制方法，指出了实测大气折射值、建立随地形而异的实测大气折射模型的必要性和应具备的基本条件；在分析了长期以来不能直接测定大气折射值的原因后，介绍了一种在不同方向精确测定大气折射值和建立观测点大气折射模型的新方法，以及所依赖的观测仪器具备的特性，最后给出了用实测数据建立的本地大气折射模型。     

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神经网络油气检测技术

多参数神经网络油气检测技术首先提取四大类２６ 个地震波特征参数,并定量描述这些参数,然后用神经网络技术对这些参数进行分析,预测油气分布,使油气识别工作定量化、计算机化。本次研究开发了一套神经网络油气识别软件,并利用其对东濮凹陷胡１９ 块进行油藏精细描述,预测沙三下砂组含油面积０－７ ｋｍ２ ,石油地质储量７０ ×１０４ 吨。     

Effects of dietary β-glucan and glycyrrhizin on non-specific immunity and disease resistance of the sea cucumber (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Apostichopus japonicus</Emphasis> Selenka) challenged with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Vibrio splendidus</Emphasis>

Sea cucumbers, Apostichopus japonicus Selenka, were fed diets containing non-immunostimulant (basal diet), 0.2% β-glucan and 0.02% glycyrrhizin in a recirculatory water system for 45 days, and subsequently challenged with Vibrio splendidus by injection at 1.0×10⁸ cfu / sea cucumber for 15 days. Phagocytic capacity (PC), intracellular superoxide anion production (ISAP), lysozyme (LSZ) activity and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the coelomic fluid were analyzed on the 0^th, 5^th, 10^th and 15^th days after injection. Results showed that after the 45-day feeding period, PC, ISAP, LSZ activity and SOD activity in sea cucumbers fed with dietary β-glucan or glycyrrhizin were significantly higher than in those fed with the basal diet. On the 5th day after infection, all the immune parameters examined in the sea cucumbers injected with V. splendidus decreased in value significantly. On the 15^th day, PC, ISAP and LSZ activity returned to levels similar to those on the 0^th day. For the sea cucumbers injected with saline, there were no significant differences in all the immune parameters examined and in the cumulative morbidity during the 15-day challenging trial. After injecting with V. splendidus, the cumulative morbidity of sea cucumbers fed with the basal diet was significantly higher than those fed with dietary β-glucan or glycyrrhizin when challenged with V. splendidus challenged sea cucumber fed with the basal diet was significantly higher than those fed with dietary β-glucan or glycyrrhizin. There was no significant difference in cumulative morbidity between the dietary β-glucan and glycyrrhizin treatments over time.     

印度洋西北海域鸢乌贼9-10月栖息地适宜指数研究

印度洋西北部海域的鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)具有一定的开发潜力,可作为商业性捕捞的对象,准确预报中心渔场可为指导生产提供依据。根据2003、2004年9～10月份期间我国鱿钓船在2°～24°N、57°～69°E海域的探捕数据,结合表温、盐度、海表面高度和叶绿素a,以CPUE作为适应性指数,利用算术平均法(AM)和几何平均法(GM)分别建立基于环境因子的综合栖息地指数模型。结果表明,9月份在栖息地指数(HSI)大于0.8的中心渔场作业次数比例超过24%,平均日产量在5.48 t/d左右;10月份在HSI大于0.8的中心渔场作业次数比例在43%以上,平均日产量在5.2 t/d以上。基于表温、盐度、海表面高度和叶绿素a的HSI模型能较好预测印度洋鸢乌贼中心渔场,且AM模型优于GM模型。     

Spatial correlation and ecological characteristics analysis of management area for biodiversity conservation and relevant regionalization

Formulation of different ecological zone plans according to the corresponding protection targets and the necessity of proper conservation policy is one of the measures to achieve the goal of ecological conservation in China.In order to clarify the interrelation among key ecological zone plans,this paper carried out the research on spatial relation of priority areas of biodiversity conservation and three key ecological areas（key ecological function areas,key regions of ecological service function,national nature reserves） and the research on ecological conditions,based on multi-scale ecological spatial theme information,which incorporates elements like ecologi-cal quality and type,and by the aid of spatial information analysis and GIS modeling.The results showed a contrastively fine spatial consistency with 68.8% of priority areas of biodiversity conservation overlapping with three key ecological areas.Although the envi-ronment in priority areas of biodiversity conservation were in good conditions,protection pressure is also increasing,powerful supervi-sion and protection should not be ignored.The environmental conditions in the overlapping areas,as a whole,were superior to those in the non-overlapping areas.Since two areas have different characteristics,targeted protection measures should be formulated based on this difference,which will be very important for biodiversity conservation in priority areas of biodiversity conservation.     

烟台芝罘湾底质沉积物粒度特征和沉积动力环境研究

根据芝罘湾海域110个底质沉积物样品粒度分析结果,对沉积物类型和粒度参数分布进行了总结。在此基础上,利用粒径趋势分析模型(GSTA)和沉积动力判别图解,探讨了底质沉积物的运移趋势及沉积水动力规律。研究表明,芝罘湾海域底质沉积物类型共有8种,其中砂质泥、砂质粉砂、泥和粉砂分布最广泛;平均粒径值具有从岸向海逐渐增大的趋势,分选性、偏度和峰度分别为差、正偏—极正偏、平坦—中等的特征;粒度运移趋势分析反映出套子湾泥沙向西、西南运移,芝罘湾及以东海域泥沙呈顺时针方向运移;沉积动力判别图解揭示出芝罘湾海域沉积水动力具有整体较弱的特征。     

大气负荷对新疆地区地壳形变和地面重力变化的影响

基于ECMWF全球大气模型和中国地面气候资料日值数据集中新疆及周边的气象站气压数据,根据弹性地壳形变理论,采用移去-恢复法,利用负荷格林函数法和球谐函数法,计算新疆及周边区域2011～2015年大气负荷变化对地壳垂直、水平形变的影响,同时采用大气导纳方法计算大气变化对地面重力的影响。结果表明,大气负荷对新疆地区垂直形变的影响达到cm级,对地面重力的影响可达10μGal;大气负荷影响具有明显的季节性。     

Cultivation of marine sponges

Sponges are the most primitive of multicellular animals, and are major pharmaceutical sources of marine secondary metabolites. A wide variety of new compounds have been isolated from sponges. In order to produce sufficient amounts of the compounds of the needed, it is necessary to obtain large amount of sponges.The production of sponge biomass has become a focus of marine biotechnology.